2011 年真题

选择题答案速对
No.AnsNo.AnsNo.AnsNo.AnsNo.Ans
1C2D3B4B5A
6B7A8D9C10A
11B12C13D14C15B
16D17A18D19A20C
21C22B23D24B25A
26B27D28C29A30C
31D32C33B34A35A
36C37D38A39D40B

完形填空

Directions

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

Text

Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health.” But some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness. Laughter does short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, heart rate and oxygen consumption. But because hard laughter is difficult to , a good laugh is unlikely to have benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does.

, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the . Studies dating back to the 1930s indicate that laughter muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.

Such bodily reaction might conceivably help the effects of psychological stress. Anyway, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of feedback that improve an individual’s emotional state. one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow.

Although sadness also tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988, social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of Würzburg in Germany asked volunteers to a pen either with their teeth—thereby creating an artificial smile—or with their lips, which would produce a(n) expression. Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles more enthusiastically to funny cartoons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown, that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around. , the physical act of laughter could improve mood.

1
正确答案:C

解析:

  1. 句意理解
    第一句话说“亚里士多德认为笑是一种有益健康的身体运动”,第二句以 But 开头,表示转折,说明“笑可能对身体健康影响不大”。
    中间的短语是“______ some claims to the contrary”,意思是“______一些相反的说法”。

  2. 逻辑关系
    “一些相反的说法”指的是“笑对健康有益”的观点,但作者认为“笑对健康影响不大”,所以这里需要一个表示“让步”的词,即“尽管有这些相反的说法,但笑的影响很小”。

  3. 选项分析

    • A. among(在…之中)→ 不符合逻辑,不是“在一些说法之中”的意思。
    • B. except(除了)→ 不符合,这里不是“除了这些说法”的意思。
    • C. despite(尽管)→ 符合让步关系:“尽管有相反的说法,但笑的影响很小”。
    • D. like(像)→ 不符合,这里不是举例关系。
  4. 语法搭配
    despite + 名词短语(some claims to the contrary)是正确用法。

答案:C. despite

2
正确答案:D

好的,我们先看第 2 题的上下文。

原文:

Laughter does ______ short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, ______ heart rate and oxygen consumption.

第一步:判断动词与宾语的搭配
“laughter does ______ short-term changes” 意思是“笑确实______短期的变化”。

  • reflect(反映)changes:逻辑上不通,因为笑不是反映变化,而是引起变化。
  • demand(要求)changes:不合逻辑,笑不会“要求”变化。
  • indicate(表明)changes:笑本身不是一种迹象去表明变化,而是直接导致变化。
  • produce(引起,产生)changes:符合语境,笑会引起心血管功能的短期变化。

第二步:看后半句的伴随状语
“______ heart rate and oxygen consumption” 这里需要填入一个动词的现在分词,与前面主句的动作是顺承关系。
如果主句是 “produce changes”,那么分词部分 “increasing heart rate…” 才合理,因为“引起变化”具体表现为“增加心率和耗氧量”。

第三步:结合常识与文章逻辑
前文说“笑对身体健康影响不大”,这里用 “does produce…” 是一种让步,承认笑确实会造成某些生理变化,但这些变化持续时间短、强度不大,因此不像步行或慢跑那样有显著的健身益处。

因此,第 2 题选 D. produce 最符合句意。

3
正确答案:B

解析:

  1. 上下文逻辑
    前文说“笑会引起心脏和血管功能的短期变化”,空格后是“心率和氧气消耗”。
    从常识和生理学角度看,笑通常会使心率加快、呼吸加深,因此是增加心率和氧气消耗,而不是稳定、损害或决定它们。

  2. 词义辨析

    • A. stabilizing(稳定)—— 与笑的效果不符,笑是暂时提高心率和代谢。
    • B. boosting(提高、促进)—— 符合“笑会增加心率和氧气消耗”的常识。
    • C. impairing(损害)—— 与文意相反,这里不是讲负面作用。
    • D. determining(决定)—— 语气过强,笑并不决定心率和耗氧量,只是暂时影响。
  3. 因果关系
    笑带来的短期变化是增强心血管活动,因此 boosting 最贴切。

答案:B

4
正确答案:B

解析:

  1. 句子结构分析:

    • 前文提到“大笑会引起心脏和血管功能的短期变化”,接着用 But 转折,说明“因为很难长时间保持大笑,所以它不太可能像散步或慢跑那样带来显著益处”。
    • 空格处需要填入一个动词,表示“维持、持续”的意思。
  2. 选项分析:

    • A. transmit(传输、传播)→ 与“大笑”的持续性无关。
    • B. sustain(维持、持续)→ 符合逻辑,指难以长时间保持大笑状态。
    • C. evaluate(评估)→ 语义不符。
    • D. observe(观察)→ 语义不符。
  3. 逻辑对应:

    • 后文提到 walking or jogging 可以持续进行,从而产生益处,而大笑难以持续,因此选 sustain

答案:B. sustain

5
正确答案:A

解析:

第 5 题空格所在的句子是:

But because hard laughter is difficult to $\underline{\quad4\quad}$, a good laugh is unlikely to have $\underline{\quad5\quad}$ benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does.

意思是:
因为大笑很难持续(第 4 题应填 sustainmaintain 类词),所以大笑不太可能像散步或慢跑那样产生可衡量的益处。

选项分析:

  • A. measurable(可测量的)—— 符合语境,表示像散步或慢跑那样可以量化、可测量的健康益处。
  • B. manageable(可管理的)—— 与“益处”搭配不当。
  • C. affordable(负担得起的)—— 不用于描述健康益处。
  • D. renewable(可再生的)—— 不用于此语境。

逻辑对应:
前文提到 laughter 对心血管功能有短期影响,但难以持续,因此它无法像有氧运动那样产生显著的、可测量的身体益处。

因此正确答案是 A. measurable。

6
正确答案:B

解析:

第 6 题位于第二段开头,需要看它与上一段的关系。
第一段结尾说:大笑不太可能像散步或慢跑那样带来显著的生理益处。
第二段开头说:大笑不是像运动那样通过拉紧肌肉来增强肌肉,而是显然起到相反作用(使肌肉放松)。

这里第二段实际上是在进一步说明“大笑对身体健康没什么帮助”,并且用研究结果(1930年代以来的研究)来具体解释为什么——它让肌肉放松,而不是增强肌肉。
这种关系不是“递进”(in addition),也不是“总结”(in brief),也不是“轮流/反过来”(in turn),而是对前文观点进行更明确的阐述或强调实际情况,所以用 In fact(事实上)最合适。

因此正确答案是 B. In fact

7
正确答案:A

解析:

  1. 上下文逻辑
    前文提到,运动(如 walking 或 jogging)会通过“straining muscles to build them”(通过拉伸肌肉来增强肌肉)来改善身体健康。
    而本句说 “laughter apparently accomplishes the ______”,显然是在说笑的作用与运动相反。

  2. 语义对应
    “instead of straining muscles to build them” 表明笑的作用不是增强肌肉,而是相反——让肌肉放松。
    下文也提到 “laughter relaxes muscles, decreasing muscle tone”(笑放松肌肉,降低肌张力),这正好与 “straining muscles to build them” 形成对比。

  3. 选项分析

    • A. opposite(相反的)—— 符合上下文逻辑,笑的作用与运动相反。
    • B. impossible(不可能的)—— 不符合句意,笑并不是完成“不可能”的事。
    • C. average(平均的)—— 无依据。
    • D. expected(预期的)—— 与文意不符。

因此,第 7 题应选 A. opposite

8
正确答案:D

解析:
第 8 题所在句子为:

Studies dating back to the 1930s indicate that laughter 8 muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.

  • 句意表明,笑会使肌肉的紧张度(muscle tone)降低,并且这种效果持续长达 45 分钟。
  • 空格后的 “decreasing muscle tone” 是结果,因此空格处应填入与“放松肌肉”相关的词。
  • A. hardens(使变硬)——与“降低紧张度”矛盾。
  • B. weakens(使变弱)——通常指力量或功能减弱,不直接对应“肌肉放松”的生理过程。
  • C. tightens(使变紧)——与文意相反。
  • D. relaxes(使放松)——符合“降低肌肉紧张度”的语境。

因此正确答案是 D. relaxes

9
正确答案:C

好的,我们先看第 9 题所在的句子和上下文。

句子是:

Such bodily reaction might conceivably help ______ the effects of psychological stress.

前文说,笑会使肌肉放松(muscle tone 降低),持续 45 分钟左右。
这种放松反应按理说应该对 缓解 心理压力带来的影响有帮助,而不是加重或产生压力。

选项:

  • A. aggravate 加重
  • B. generate 产生
  • C. moderate 缓和,减轻
  • D. enhance 增强

逻辑上,放松肌肉会减轻压力带来的身体影响,所以选 moderate(使……缓和)。

因此正确答案是 C

10
正确答案:A

解析:

  1. 上下文线索
    前文提到“laughter does produce other types of ___ feedback”,这里的“other types”暗示与前面提到的内容属于同类。
    前文一直在讨论身体反应(bodily reaction、muscle tone、physical reactions),因此这里应选与“身体”相关的词。

  2. 词义辨析

    • A. physical(身体的)—— 与 bodily reaction、muscle activity 等对应,符合语境。
    • B. mental(心理的)—— 这里强调的是身体反馈对情绪的影响,不是纯心理的。
    • C. subconscious(潜意识的)—— 文中未重点讨论潜意识层面。
    • D. internal(内部的)—— 虽可指身体内部,但不如 physical 直接对应“身体反应”这一主线。
  3. 逻辑关系
    后文紧接着说“improve an individual’s emotional state”,并引用“classical theory of emotion”说明情绪部分源于physical reactions,因此第 10 空应选 physical feedback(身体反馈),与理论一致。

因此正确答案是 A. physical

11
正确答案:B

解析:

第 11 题所在句子为:

_____ one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted _____ physical reactions.

这里的意思是:根据某一经典的情绪理论,我们的情感部分源于身体反应。

  • A. Except for(除了……)—— 表示排除,不符合语境。
  • B. According to(根据……)—— 表示依据某种理论或观点,符合文意。
  • C. Due to(由于……)—— 表示因果关系,但这里是在介绍理论内容,不是说明原因。
  • D. As for(至于……)—— 用于转换话题,不符合此处逻辑。

因此,B. According to 是正确答案。

12
正确答案:C

解析:

第 12 题所在句子为:

It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry $\underline{\quad13\quad}$ they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow.
以及前一句:
$\underline{\quad11\quad}$ one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted $\underline{\quad12\quad}$ physical reactions.

第 12 题空格前的短语是 “are partially rooted”
英语中 “be rooted in” 是固定搭配,意为“根源于……”,表示情感部分来源于身体反应。

  • root in 是固定短语,介词用 in
  • 其他选项 with / on / at 都不符合这个搭配。

因此正确答案是 C. in

13
正确答案:D

好的,我们来看第 13 题。

原文句子是:

It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry ______ they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow.

逻辑分析

  • 这里提到的是一个经典理论(威廉·詹姆斯等人的理论),即情绪体验源于对生理反应的感知。
  • 传统的看法可能是“我们因为悲伤而哭”,但这个理论认为“我们哭不是因为我们悲伤,而是因为开始流泪才感到悲伤”。
  • 所以 “do not cry ______ they are sad” 要表达的意思是“人们不是因为悲伤而哭”。

选项分析
A. unless(除非)
B. until(直到)
C. if(如果)
D. because(因为)

如果填 because,句子就是:
“humans do not cry because they are sad”(人们不是因为悲伤而哭),
这与后文 “but they become sad when the tears begin to flow”(而是当眼泪开始流时才变得悲伤)形成对比,逻辑通顺。

因此正确答案是 D. because

14
正确答案:C

解析:

  1. 上下文逻辑
    前文提到“19 世纪末有观点认为,人并不是因为悲伤而哭泣,而是当眼泪开始流下时才变得悲伤”,也就是说哭泣这一身体反应在前,悲伤情绪在后
    本句开头是 “Although sadness also ___ tears…”,意思是“虽然悲伤也 ___ 眼泪”,后面接着说 “emotions can flow from muscular responses”(情绪可以由肌肉反应引起),可见这里强调的是情绪可以由身体反应引起,与前文的逻辑一致。

  2. 选项分析

    • A. exhausts(耗尽)→ 与眼泪搭配不当,且不符合上下文逻辑。
    • B. follows(跟随)→ 如果填 follows,意思是“悲伤跟随眼泪”,那就和后面的观点(情绪可由肌肉反应引起)矛盾。
    • C. precedes(先于)→ “虽然悲伤先于眼泪”,即通常我们认为先悲伤后流泪,但证据表明情绪也可以由身体反应引起,这样逻辑通顺。
    • D. suppresses(抑制)→ 与文意相反。
  3. 结论
    这里用 “Although sadness also precedes tears” 表示通常的认知(情绪先于生理反应),然后用 “evidence suggests that emotions can flow from muscular responses” 引出相反的科学结论,形成对比,因此选 C. precedes

15
正确答案:B

好的,我们先看第 15 题所在句子的上下文。

原文是:

Although sadness also 14 tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow 15 muscular responses.

第 14 题根据上下文应该是“引起、产生”之类的意思(比如 “precedes” 或 “produces”),但这里我们只看第 15 题。

句子意思
虽然悲伤也会先于(或导致)眼泪,但有证据表明情绪可以源于肌肉反应。

逻辑分析

  • 这里讲的是因果关系方向:情绪可以由肌肉反应引起。
  • “flow from” 是一个固定搭配,表示“源于……”。
  • 前半句说“悲伤 → 流泪”,后半句说“情绪 ← 肌肉反应”,这是对比关系。

选项分析
A. into(流入)—— 表示方向是“情绪流向肌肉反应”,但这里逻辑是反的。
B. from(来自)—— 符合“情绪来源于肌肉反应”的逻辑。
C. towards(朝向)—— 方向反了。
D. beyond(超出)—— 意思不符。

因此正确答案是 B. from

16
正确答案:D

好的,我们先来看第 16 题所在句子的上下文:

In an experiment … social psychologist Fritz Strack … asked volunteers to ____ 16 ____ a pen either with their teeth — thereby creating an artificial smile — or with their lips, which would produce a(n) ____ 17 ___ expression.


第一步:理解实验操作
这个实验是让参与者用牙齿咬住一支笔(这样会迫使面部肌肉形成类似微笑的状态),或者用嘴唇夹住笔(这样会形成类似皱眉的表情)。

所以,这里需要一个动词,表示“用牙齿或嘴唇固定住笔”。


第二步:选项分析

  • A. fetch 取来,去拿 → 不符合,不是去取笔,而是固定笔。
  • B. form 形成 → 可以说 form a smile,但不能说 form a pen,搭配不当。
  • C. pick 捡起,挑选 → 实验不是让参与者挑选笔,而是固定笔做表情。
  • D. hold 握住,保持,含住 → 可以表示“用牙齿咬住(hold with teeth)”或“用嘴唇夹住(hold with lips)”,符合实验动作。

第三步:验证逻辑
实验的关键是让参与者保持某种面部表情,因此必须持续“hold”住笔,而不是短暂地 pick 或 fetch。


结论
正确答案是 D. hold

17
正确答案:A

好的,我们先看第 17 题的上下文。

原文提到:

… asked volunteers to hold a pen either with their teeth—thereby creating an artificial smile—or with their lips, which would produce a(n) ___ expression.

  • 用牙齿咬住笔 → 强制牵动笑肌 → 形成“微笑”的表情。
  • 用嘴唇夹住笔(不露出牙齿) → 嘴角无法上扬,反而可能抑制笑容 → 形成“非笑”的表情,甚至类似“撇嘴”或“不高兴”的表情。

四个选项:
A. disappointed(失望的)
B. excited(兴奋的)
C. joyful(快乐的)
D. indifferent(冷漠的)

实验设计是对比“笑”与“不笑/抑制笑”的表情,后者在文中显然与“微笑”相反,所以应是“不高兴”一类的表情。
“disappointed” 符合“不高兴、失望”的表情,而 “indifferent” 是“漠不关心”,与嘴唇动作形成的“不高兴”不太一致,因为嘴唇夹笔会形成类似沮丧或不满的表情,不是冷漠。

而且从实验心理学常用范式来看(Strack, 1988 的经典实验),用嘴唇含住笔会做出类似“皱眉/不高兴”的表情,而不是冷漠。
在选项中,最贴近“不高兴”的就是 A. disappointed。

所以第 17 题正确答案是 A

18
正确答案:D

解析:

第 18 题所在句子为:

Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles ______ more enthusiastically to funny cartoons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown…

1. 句意理解
实验要求两组人用不同方式咬住笔:

  • 一组用牙齿咬(形成微笑表情)
  • 另一组用嘴唇咬(形成不悦表情)

然后让他们看搞笑漫画,比较他们的反应

2. 动词搭配与语境

  • react to 是固定搭配,意为“对……作出反应”,符合语境:对漫画作出更热烈的反应。
  • adapt to(适应)、cater to(迎合)、turn to(转向)均不符合“对刺激作出反应”的语义。

3. 逻辑对应
前文提到“表情可能影响情绪”,这里通过实验证明:做出微笑表情的人对搞笑漫画反应更热烈,从而支持该假说。

4. 因此正确答案是 D. reacted

19
正确答案:A

解析:

第 19 题所在句为:

Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles reacted more enthusiastically to funny cartoons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown, ______ that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around.

1. 句子结构分析

  • 主句是实验结果的描述:微笑组比皱眉组对卡通反应更热烈。
  • 逗号后的部分是一个现在分词短语作伴随状语,对主句内容进行补充说明或解释。
  • 空格后是 “that expressions may influence emotions…”,这是一个宾语从句,说明前面动作所暗示的内容。

2. 选项含义与搭配

  • A. suggesting 表示“暗示,表明”,后常接宾语从句,用于说明实验或现象所隐含的结论。
  • B. requiring 表示“要求”,与句意不符。
  • C. mentioning 表示“提到”,通常不用于从结果中推导出结论的语境。
  • D. supposing 表示“假设”,常用于条件或假设情况,而此处是实验结果直接暗示的结论,不是假设。

3. 逻辑与语义
实验结果(微笑组反应更积极)暗示了“表情会影响情绪,而不仅仅是情绪影响表情”这一结论。
“suggesting” 在这里起到引出结论的作用,符合科学写作中“由现象/数据得出推论”的常见表达。

因此正确答案是 A. suggesting

20
正确答案:C

好的,我们先分析一下第 20 题的上下文逻辑。


文章最后一段的逻辑梳理:

  1. 前面提到一个实验:用牙齿咬住笔(强作笑脸)的人比用嘴唇含住笔(作苦相)的人对卡通更有趣的反应更强烈。
  2. 这说明 表情可能影响情绪,而不只是情绪影响表情。
  3. 最后一句说:“, the physical act of laughter could improve mood.”
    ,笑的身体行为能够改善情绪。)

选项分析:

  • A. Eventually(最终,表示时间顺序或结果)
    这里不是单纯的时间先后,也不是一个漫长过程的最终结果,所以不太合适。
  • B. Consequently(因此,表示因果关系)
    逻辑上,前文实验是支持“表情影响情绪”这一观点,而“笑能改善情绪”是这一观点的另一个体现,但并不是直接的因果推导(实验直接证明的是“微笑”影响情绪,而不是“笑”本身,这里是类比推理)。
  • C. Similarly(类似地,表示类比或同类情况)
    实验是“假装微笑影响情绪”,而“笑的行为改善情绪”是类似的作用机制,所以用 Similarly 很合适。
  • D. Conversely(相反地)
    上下文没有转折对立关系,排除。

为什么选 C:

实验表明 人为做出的微笑表情 可以让人对幽默内容反应更积极 → 同理,笑这个身体动作 也可能改善情绪。
两者属于同类现象,用 Similarly 表示这种平行的类推关系。


答案:C. Similarly

阅读理解

Part A

Directions

Reading the following fours texts. Answer the question below each text by Choosing , , or [DJ. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET1.(40points)

Text 1

The decision of the New York philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least “Hooray! A t last!“wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-musi critic

One of the reason why the appiontment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilber is commparatively little known Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert’s appointment in the Times, calls him"an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.“As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustay Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that semms likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint prwise

For my par, I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure, be performs an impressive variety of interesting composition, but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf, or boot up my computer amd download still more recorded music form iTumes

Devoted concertgoers who reply that recording are no substifute for live performance are missing the point.For the time,attention,and money of the art-loving public,classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses, dance troupes , theeater companies, and museums, but also with the recorsed performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century.There recording are cheap, available everwhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than today’s choosing. The widespread availabilyty of such recording has thus brought about a ctisis in the institution of the traditional classical councert

One possible reponse is for classical performers to program attravtive new music that is not yet available on recors. Gilbert’s own interest in new music has been widely noted: Alex Ross,a classical-music critic, has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Phiharmonic into “a markedly different, more vibrant organization” But what will be the nature of that difference? Merely, expanding the orchestra’s repertorre will not be enough. If Gilbert and thr Philharmonic are to succeed, they must first change the relationship between America’a olderest orchestra and the new audience it hops to attract.

21

We learn from Para I that Gilbert’s appointment has

正确答案:C

解析:

题目问的是从第一段中我们可以得知 Gilbert 的任命引起了怎样的反应。

第一段原文关键信息:

  • “For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least.”
  • “Hooray! At last!” wrote Anthony Tommasini…

这里的 “favorable”(赞成的)和 “Hooray! At last!"(好啊!终于!)都表明反应是正面的、赞扬的

选项分析:

  • A. incurred criticism → 受到批评(与原文 favorable 相反)
  • B. raised suspicion → 引起怀疑(未提及)
  • C. received acclaim → 受到赞扬(与 favorable 和 Hooray 对应)
  • D. aroused curiosity → 引起好奇(虽然任命突然可能让人好奇,但第一段强调的是 favorable 反应,不是好奇)

因此正确答案是 C

22

Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is

正确答案:B

解析:

  1. 定位关键句
    第二段中提到 Tommasini 对 Gilbert 的评价:

    “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.”

  2. 理解关键词

    • unpretentious 意思是“不炫耀的、谦逊的”,对应 modest
    • “no air of the formidable conductor” 表示他没有那种令人敬畏的指挥家的架子,进一步说明他为人低调、不张扬。
  3. 选项分析

    • A. influential(有影响力的)—— 文中没有提到他的影响力,反而说他 relatively little known。
    • B. modest(谦逊的)—— 与 unpretentious 含义一致。
    • C. respectable(可敬的)—— 虽然可能正确,但不是 Tommasini 这句话的直接重点。
    • D. talented(有才华的)—— 文中未直接强调其天赋,而是侧重性格特点。
  4. 结论
    根据 Tommasini 的原话,他眼中的 Gilbert 是一个谦逊、不摆架子的音乐家,因此正确选项是 B. modest

23

The auther believes that the devoted concertgoers

正确答案:D

让我们先定位原文中关于 devoted concertgoers 的段落。

第四段开头说:

Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point.

作者认为这些忠实的音乐会听众“没抓住重点”。
接着他解释说,古典音乐演奏者不仅要和剧院、舞蹈团等竞争,还要和 20 世纪伟大古典音乐家的录音竞争,这些录音便宜、随处可得,而且艺术品质常常比现在的现场演出更高。

所以作者的意思是:

  • 现场演出并不一定比录音好(甚至常常不如那些经典录音)。
  • 但 devoted concertgoers 坚持认为“录音不能替代现场演出”,这其实是高估了现场演出的价值

看选项:
A. ignore the expense of live performance → 文中没重点提他们忽略花费。
B. reject most kinds of recorded performance → 他们不是拒绝大多数录音,而是认为录音不能替代现场,但没说拒绝听录音。
C. exaggerate the variety of live performance → 文中没强调他们夸大“多样性”,而是夸大现场演出的价值。
D. overestimate the value of live performance → 符合文意,他们认为现场不可替代,但作者认为录音品质可能更高,所以他们高估了现场的价值。

答案:D

24

According to the text, which of the following is true of recordings?

正确答案:B

好的,我们先定位原文关于 recordings 的论述,然后逐一分析选项。


原文关键信息(主要在第四段):

Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. … classical instrumentalists must compete … with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century. These recordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than today’s live performances. The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert.


选项分析

A. They are often inferior to live concerts in quality

  • 原文说 recordings 的艺术质量常常比现在的现场表演更高(much higher in artistic quality),所以此项与原文相反。

B. They are easily accessible to the general public

  • 原文明确提到 “available everywhere” 并且 “cheap”,这对应“公众容易获得”,因此该项正确。

C. They help improve the quality of music

  • 原文没有说 recordings 帮助提高音乐质量,只说了它们质量高,而且给现场音乐会带来危机,没有提到它们对音乐质量提升的作用。

D. They have only covered masterpieces

  • 原文没有说录音只收录杰作,事实上录音内容广泛,不只是名作。

答案:B

25

Regarding Gilbert’s role in revitalixing the Philharmonic, the authir feels

正确答案:A

让我们一步步分析作者对 Gilbert 振兴爱乐乐团的态度。


1. 定位相关段落
题干问的是作者对 Gilbert 在振兴纽约爱乐乐团方面的作用持什么态度。
文中最后一段提到了 Gilbert 对新音乐的兴趣,以及评论家 Alex Ross 对他的积极评价,但作者紧接着提出了质疑。

原文最后一段:

Gilbert’s own interest in new music has been widely noted: Alex Ross, a classical-music critic, has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into “a markedly different, more vibrant organization.” But what will be the nature of that difference? Merely expanding the orchestra’s repertoire will not be enough. If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed, they must first change the relationship between America’s oldest orchestra and the new audience it hopes to attract.


2. 分析作者语气

  • 作者先提到 Gilbert 对新音乐有兴趣,并且 Ross 认为他能让乐团变得“ markedly different, more vibrant”。
  • 但作者马上用 “But what will be the nature of that difference?” 表示不确定这种“不同”到底是什么。
  • 接着作者指出“仅仅扩大曲目是不够的”,并强调他们必须改变乐团与观众的关系。
  • 这暗示作者认为 Gilbert 能否做到这一点还不确定,甚至可能怀疑他是否能真正实现这种改变。

3. 排除干扰项

  • B. enthusiastic(热情) → 作者没有表现出热情,而是质疑。
  • C. confident(有信心) → 没有表达信心,反而强调“必须改变…”,暗示目前还没做到。
  • D. puzzled(困惑) → 作者并非困惑“Gilbert 的角色”,而是质疑其效果,更接近“怀疑”而非“困惑不解”。
  • A. doubtful(怀疑) → 最符合,作者对 Gilbert 能否成功振兴乐团表示怀疑。

最终答案:A

Text 2

When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August,his expanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses,he came right out and said he was leaving to presue my goal of running a company, broadcasting his ambition “as very much my decision,” MeGee says. Within two weeks, he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group, which named him CEO and chairman on September 29.

MaGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to refect on what kind of company he wanted to run. It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations. And McGee isn’t alone. In recent weeks the NO.2 executives Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succession plans in response business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.

As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net. In the third quarte, CEo turmover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had, acording to Liberum Research. As the economy picks up, opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.

The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional.For year executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached. Says Kmn Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey, “I can’t think of a single search I’ve done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first.”

Those who jumped without a job haven’t always landed in top positions quickly. Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade age, saying she wanted to be a CEO. It was a year before she became head of a tiny Internet-based commoditied exchange. Robert Willumstad left Cltigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO. He finally took that post at a major financial institurion three years later.

Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The financial crisis has mad it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad on.“The traditional rule was it’s safer to stay where you are, bu that’s been fundamentally inverted,” says one headhunter.“The people who’ve been hurt the worst are those who’ve stayed too long”

26

When McGee anounced his departure,his manner can best be described as being()

正确答案:B

解析:

题目问的是:当 McGee 宣布离职时,他的态度可以最好地描述为 ______。
四个选项分别是:
A. 傲慢的
B. 坦率的
C. 以自我为中心的
D. 冲动的


原文依据:
第一段提到:

his explanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he came right out and said he was leaving “to pursue my goal of running a company”

  • straight up 意思是“直截了当”
  • rather than cloaking… in vague excuses 意思是“没有用模糊借口掩饰”
  • came right out and said… 意思是“直接说出来”

这些措辞都表明 McGee 的态度是 坦率、直接、不绕弯子,对应 frank(坦率的)。


排除其他选项:

  • A. arrogant(傲慢):文中没有体现他高人一等或傲慢的语气。
  • C. self-centered(以自我为中心):虽然他说是为了自己的目标,但这是离职的常见理由,不必然表示“自私”或“自我中心”,且语气评价是中性的。
  • D. impulsive(冲动):文中没有提到他是一时冲动做的决定,反而暗示是经过考虑的。

因此正确答案是 B. frank。

27

According to Paragraph 2, senior executives quiting may be spurd by ()

正确答案:D

我们先来看题目要求:
根据第 2 段,高级管理人员辞职可能是受到什么驱使?


第 2 段原文:

McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run. It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations. And McGee isn’t alone. In recent weeks the No.2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure, senior executives’ who don’t get the nod also wish to move on. A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.


关键信息提取:

  1. McGee 辞职是为了有时间思考 他想经营什么样的公司
  2. 这也向外界表明了他的 志向(aspirations)
  3. 其他高管(如 Avon 和 American Express 的二把手)辞职时解释 they were looking for a CEO post(寻找 CEO 职位)。

这些内容都指向一个共同点:他们辞职是为了追求新的职业目标,特别是成为 CEO 或经营一家公司。


选项分析:

  • A. 对更好财务状况的期望 → 文中未提及财务动机。
  • B. 反思私人生活的需要 → 文中说的是 reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run,是职业思考,不是私人生活。
  • C. 与董事会关系紧张 → 未提及与董事会关系问题。
  • D. 追求新的职业目标 → 符合文意,McGee 和其他高管辞职都是为了寻找 CEO 职位或经营公司。

因此正确答案是 D

28

The word “poached”(Line3, Paragraph 4) most probably means()

正确答案:C

解析:

  1. 定位原文
    第四段提到:

    For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached.

    这句话的意思是:多年来,高管和猎头都遵循一个规则——最有吸引力的 CEO 候选人是那些必须被 ______ 的人。

  2. 上下文逻辑
    本段主题是“高管在没有找到下家的情况下辞职”在当时并不常见,因为传统观念认为,最好的 CEO 人选是在其他公司任职、需要被“挖”过来的人,而不是主动辞职去找工作的人。
    因此,poached 在这里与“挖角”(从别的公司主动争取过来)有关。

  3. 选项分析

    • A. approved of(被赞同)——不符合“猎头寻找 CEO”的语境。
    • B. attended to(被照顾、被关注)——语义不符。
    • C. hunted for(被寻找、被猎取)——与“猎头挖人”意思一致。
    • D. guarded against(被防备)——与文意相反。
  4. 结论
    根据上下文,poached 在此处意为“被挖走/被猎取”,所以正确答案是 C

29

It can be inferred from the last paragraph that ()

正确答案:A

解析:

最后一段的关键信息是:

Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one. “The traditional rule was it’s safer to stay where you are, but that’s been fundamentally inverted,” says one headhunter.

逻辑分析:

  • 文中提到“传统规则是待在原处更安全”,但现在“这一点已经被彻底颠覆”。
  • 这意味着过去高级经理人通常倾向于留在原职,而不是轻易离职。
  • 选项 A. top performers used to cling to their posts(顶尖人才过去常常固守职位)正是对这一传统规则的概括,因此是正确推断。

其他选项分析:

  • B:文中没有讨论“忠诚度”是否过时,只讨论离职是否丢脸以及是否安全。
  • C:文中没有说顶尖人才更关心声誉,而是说现在离职对声誉的影响变小了。
  • D:与原文意思相反,因为猎头说传统规则已经被颠覆,所以“固守传统规则更安全”是错误的。

答案:A

30

Which of the following is the best title for the text?

正确答案:C

让我们一步步分析。


1. 文章主旨概括

  • 第一段:Liam McGee 从 Bank of America 辞职,没有找好下家,直接说明是为了当 CEO。
  • 第二段:其他高管也这么做,因为经济环境让高管不愿让模糊的声明损害名声。
  • 第三段:经济复苏时,高管更愿意“无网跳槽”(没有安全网)。
  • 第四段:传统观念认为 CEO 需要被挖,但现在不一样。
  • 第五段:举例说明有人跳槽后一段时间才找到理想职位。
  • 第六段:旧观念正在消失,金融危机让跳槽或离开坏工作更可接受。

核心主题:高级经理人(不一定是现任 CEO)在没有下一份工作保证的情况下辞职,以寻求更好的 CEO 职位


2. 选项分析

  • A. CEOs: where to GO?
    文章重点不是 CEO 要去哪里,而是高级经理人(很多是 deputy chiefs / No.2 executives)主动辞职找 CEO 职位。

  • B. CEOs: All the Way Up?
    片面,文章不是讲 CEO 如何一路晋升,而是讲“跳”这个行为。

  • C. Top managers Jump without a Net
    “Top managers”覆盖了文中的 deputy chiefs, No.2 executives 等;“Jump without a net”是文中比喻(没有安全网的情况下跳槽),符合全文主旨。

  • D. The Only way out for Top Performers
    太绝对,文章没有说这是“唯一”出路,只是说这种现象越来越普遍。


3. 为什么选 C
文章反复出现的关键概念:

  • 高管辞职时没有找好下家(without a position lined up / without a net)
  • 为了追求 CEO 职位
  • 传统规则改变

“Top managers Jump without a Net” 简洁准确地概括了全文核心现象。


答案:C

Text 3

The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for. No longer. While traditional “paid " mediasuch as television commercials and print advertisements-still play a major rol, companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media.Consumers passionate about a product may create “owned” media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Webe site. The way consumenrs now approatch the board range of factors beyond conventional paid media.

Paind and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products. For earned media, such marketers act as the initiators for users’ responses. But in some cases, one marketer’s owned media become another marketer’s paid media-for instance, when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site.We difine such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong tha other organization palce their content or e-commerce engines within that environment. Thies trend, which we believe is still in its infance, effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further John& JOhnson, for example,has created BabyCenter, a stand-alone media property that promotes complementary and even competitive products. Besides generating income, the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective, gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information about the appeal of other companies’ marketing,and may help expand user traffic for all companies concerned.

The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more (and more diverse) communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways. Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media: an asset or campaign become hostage to consumers, other stakeholders, or activists who make negative allegations about a brand or product. Members of social networks, for instance, are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the businesse that originally created them.

If that happends, passinate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott producs, putting the reputation of the target company at risk. In such a case, the company’s response may not be sufficinly quick or thoughtful, and the learming curve has been steep. Toyota Motor, for example, alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and wellorchestrated social-media response campaign, which included efforts to engage with consumers directly sites such as Twitter and the social-news sit Digg.

31

Consumers may creat “earned” media when they are ()

正确答案:D

解析:

根据原文第一段内容:

Consumers passionate about a product may create “owned” media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site.

这里说的是消费者如果对某产品充满热情,会通过发送产品相关邮件给网站注册用户等方式,创造 “owned” media(自有媒体)。

但题目问的是 “earned” media(赢得媒体)的产生场景。
在第二段开头提到:

Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers… For earned media, such marketers act as the initiators for users’ responses.

也就是说,赢得媒体是用户自发地对产品进行正面宣传、评论等形成的媒体曝光。
结合全文逻辑和例子,当消费者热衷于推荐他们喜欢的产品时(比如在社交网络评论、分享、点赞),就产生了 earned media

选项分析:

  • A 痴迷于在特定网站网购 —— 未直接产生媒体内容。
  • B 受到促销邮件的启发 —— 这是商家发起的,不是用户主动创造 earned media 的直接原因。
  • C 渴望帮朋友推广优质产品 —— 原文未提及帮朋友推广,而是用户因自己喜爱而推荐。
  • D 热衷于推荐他们最喜欢的产品 —— 符合 earned media 的定义,即消费者自愿宣传。

因此正确答案是 D

32

According to Paragraph 2, sold media feature ()

正确答案:C

解析:

根据题干要求,定位到第二段。
第二段对 sold media 的定义是:

We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment.

关键信息是 whose traffic is so strong,即“其流量非常大”,所以其他机构才会愿意在这种环境中投放广告或放置电子商务引擎。

因此,sold media 的主要特征就是 strong user traffic(强大的用户流量)。

选项分析:

  • A. a safe business environment(安全的商业环境)—— 文中未提及。
  • B. random competition(随机竞争)—— 文中未强调随机性。
  • C. Strong user traffic(强大的用户流量)—— 与原文定义一致。
  • D. flexibility in organization(组织灵活性)—— 文中未提及。

正确答案:C

33

The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earmed media ()

正确答案:B

解析:

第 33 题问的是:作者在第三段指出 earned media(赢得媒体)具有什么特点。


1. 定位第三段内容
第三段开头提到:

The same dramatic technological changes … have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways.
Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media…

这里指出,hijacked media(劫持媒体)earned media 的对立面。
也就是说,earned media 本来是用户自发对品牌的正面传播,但如果消费者反过来利用这些媒体渠道发布负面意见,就变成了劫持媒体。


2. 逻辑推导
题干问的是 earned media,但第三段主要讲的是它可能被劫持,从而变成负面营销。
也就是说,earned media 这种形式可以被消费者用来施加对品牌的负面影响(即 hijacked media 是利用 earned media 的渠道和传播力)。
所以作者暗示:earned media 可以被用来产生营销上的负面效果。


3. 选项分析

  • A. invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers
    文中没有说 earned media 本身会引发持续冲突,而是说可能被劫持。
  • B. can be used to produce negative effects in marketing
    正确。因为 earned media 的传播机制可以被消费者反过来用于负面传播(即 hijacked media 是它的反面应用)。
  • C. may be responsible for fiercer competition
    文中未提及竞争加剧。
  • D. deserve all the negative comments about them
    文中没有说 earned media 应得所有负面评价,这是过度推断。

答案:B

34

Toyota Motor’s experience is cited as an example of ()

正确答案:A

解析:

  1. 题干定位
    题干问“丰田汽车的经历被引用作为……的例子”,原文最后一段提到了 Toyota Motor 的经历。

  2. 原文对应内容
    最后一段提到:

    In such a case, the company’s response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful, and the learning curve has been steep. Toyota Motor, for example, alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign…

    这里的 “such a case” 指的是前文提到的 “hijacked media”(被劫持的媒体)情况,即消费者利用社交媒体对品牌造成负面舆论压力。丰田的例子说明他们通过快速、协调的社交媒体回应活动,减轻了危机带来的损害。

  3. 逻辑对应选项

    • A 项:responding effectively to hijacked media(有效应对被劫持的媒体)——与原文丰田的做法一致。
    • B 项:persuading customers into boycotting products(劝说消费者抵制产品)——与丰田做法相反。
    • C 项:cooperating with supportive consumers(与支持公司的消费者合作)——原文未重点提及。
    • D 项:taking advantage of hijacked media(利用被劫持的媒体)——原文是应对危机,不是利用它获利。
  4. 结论
    丰田的例子是在说明,当媒体被劫持引发负面舆论时,企业可以通过快速有效的社交媒体回应来减轻损失,因此正确选项是 A

35

Which of the following is the text mainly about?

正确答案:A

好的,我们来一步步分析为什么正确答案是 A. Alternatives to conventional paid media


1. 文章主旨结构分析

  • 第一段
    开头说“营销成功的粗略准则曾经是你花钱买曝光,但现在不再是这样了”。
    指出除了传统付费媒体(电视广告、平面广告)外,现在公司可以利用许多其他媒体形式。
    接着提到消费者可能创建 owned media(自有媒体),以及消费者接触的媒体因素已超出传统付费媒体。

  • 第二段
    分别说明 paid mediaowned media,并引出 earned media(用户自主传播)。
    还提出 sold media(将自有媒体流量变现,卖给其他商家做广告)。
    举例说明这种趋势在零售、旅游行业开始,并扩展到其他行业。

  • 第三段
    提到技术变革带来更多传播选择,也带来风险——消费者可能更快地发表负面意见,形成 hijacked media(劫持媒体)。
    解释 hijacked media 是 earned media 的反面。

  • 第四段
    举例说明公司应对 hijacked media 的情况(丰田案例)。


2. 主题归纳

文章整体是 “传统付费媒体 → 其他各种媒体形式(owned, earned, sold, hijacked)” 的演进和讨论。
核心是介绍 除了传统付费媒体之外的其他媒体类型,并分析它们的特征、机会与风险。


3. 选项分析

  • A. Alternatives to conventional paid media
    符合全文主旨,文章就是在讲传统付费媒体之外的各种替代形式(owned, earned, sold, hijacked)。

  • B. Conflict between hijacked and earned media
    冲突只在第三、四段提到,是局部细节,不是全文核心。

  • C. Dominance of hijacked media
    劫持媒体并非占主导地位,只是风险之一。

  • D. Popularity of owned media
    自有媒体只是其中一种替代形式,不能概括全文。


4. 结论

文章主线是 营销媒体形态的多样化,从传统付费媒体扩展到其他类型,并讨论其利弊。
因此正确选项是 A

Text 4

It’s no surprise that Jennifer Senior’s insightful,provocative magazine cover story,“I love My Children, I Hate My Life,” is arousing much chatter-nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling,life-enriching experience Rather than concluding that children make parents cither happy or miserable, Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness, instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard, Senior writes that “the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.”

The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the only Madonna-and-child image on newsstands this week. There are also stories about newly adoptive-and newly single-mom Sandra Bullock, as well as the usual “Jennifer Aniston is pregnant’ news. Practically every week features at least one celebrity mom, or mom-to-be,smiling on the newsstands.

In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation, o sot any wonder that admiting you regret having children is equivalent to admitting you support kitten kiling? t doesn’t seem quite fair, then , to compare the regrets of parent to the regrets of the children. Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldn’t have had kids, but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world: obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in their lives.

Of course the image of parenthood that celebrity magazine like Us Weekly and People present is hugely unrealistic, especially when the parents are single mothers like Bullock. According to several studies concluding that parents are less happy than childless couples,single parents are the least happy of all.No shock there, considering how much work it is to raise a kid without a partner to lean on; yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell i,raising a kid on their “own(read: with round-the-clock help) is a piece of cake.”

It’s hard to imagine that many people are dumb enough to want children just because Reese and Angelina make it look so glamorous: most adults understand that a baby is not a haircut. But it’s interesting to wonder if the images we sce every weck of stress-fe,happiness enancing parenthood aren’t in some small, subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience, in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting the Rachel”’ might make us look just a litle bit like Jenifer Aniston.

36

Jennifer Senior suggests in her article that raising a child can bring

正确答案:C

解析:

  1. 定位关键信息
    题目问 Jennifer Senior 在她的文章中提出抚养孩子能带来什么。文章第一段提到:

    Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness, instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition.
    以及:
    the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.

  2. 理解观点
    Senior 认为,幸福不应被看作由即时的快乐来衡量,而应视为一种“过去时”的状态。抚养孩子的日常可能很艰难,但日后回顾时却能带来强烈的满足与快乐。

  3. 匹配选项

    • A. temporary delight(暂时的快乐)—— 与她的观点相反,她认为即时快乐不是重点。
    • B. enjoyment in progress(过程中的享受)—— 同样与她的观点不符,她强调过程是艰难的。
    • C. happiness in retrospect(回顾时的幸福)—— 对应 “past-tense condition” 和 “later be sources of intense gratification”。
    • D. lasting reward(持久的回报)—— 文章未强调“持久”,而是强调“事后回顾”的幸福感。
  4. 结论
    根据原文,Senior 强调的是事后回顾时感到幸福,因此 C 正确。

答案:C

37

We learmn from Paragraph 2 that

正确答案:D

解析:

第 37 题问的是从第二段我们可以得知什么。我们来看第二段的内容:

The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the only Madonna-and-child image on newsstands this week. There are also stories about newly adoptive-and newly single-mom Sandra Bullock, as well as the usual “Jennifer Aniston is pregnant’ news. Practically every week features at least one celebrity mom, or mom-to-be, smiling on the newsstands.

段落大意:

  • 杂志封面上有魅力的母亲抱着可爱的婴儿的形象,在报摊上比比皆是。
  • 还有关于新收养孩子的、新成为单身母亲的桑德拉·布洛克的故事,以及常见的“詹妮弗·安妮斯顿怀孕了”的新闻。
  • 几乎每周至少有一位名人妈妈或准妈妈在杂志封面上微笑。

选项分析:

  • A. celebrity moms are a permanent source for gossip. (名人妈妈是八卦的永久来源。)
    段落确实提到媒体经常报道名人母亲,但“八卦”这个词带有贬义,且段落强调的是“形象”和“故事”的普遍性,并未直接说这是为了“八卦”。更重要的是,这并非段落的核心观点。

  • B. single mothers with babies deserve greater attention. (带孩子的单身母亲值得更多关注。)
    段落提到桑德拉·布洛克作为单身母亲被报道,但这只是一个例子,用来说明名人母亲故事的普遍性。段落并没有论证单身母亲“应该”得到更多关注。

  • C. news about pregnant celebrities is entertaining. (关于怀孕名人的新闻很有娱乐性。)
    “娱乐性”是主观推断。段落陈述了这些新闻存在的普遍现象,但并未评价其性质是否“娱乐”。

  • D. having children is highly valued by the public. (生育孩子被公众高度重视。)
    这是最符合段落主旨的选项。段落通过描述媒体上无处不在的、微笑的名人母亲/准母亲形象,暗示了我们的社会和文化推崇、赞美生育。杂志封面选择这些内容,是因为它们有市场,这反映了公众价值观——生育被视为一件积极的、值得庆祝和展示的事情。这与第三段首句 “In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation”(在一个如此执着地庆祝生育的社会里)形成了直接的呼应和证据支持。

因此,正确答案是 D。 第二段通过描绘媒体上频繁出现的、光鲜亮丽的名人母亲形象,揭示了社会对生育行为的高度推崇和普遍价值认同。

38

It is suggested in Paragraph 3 that childless folk.

正确答案:A

解析:

题目要求根据第3段推断关于没有孩子的人(childless folk) 的信息。


第3段原文关键句:

Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldn’t have had kids, but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world: obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in their lives.

句子分析:

  • 前半句说:不快乐的父母很少被促使去反思自己是否不该生孩子。
  • 后半句说:但不快乐的无子女者却总是被一种信息困扰——孩子是世界上最重要的事情,因此他们的痛苦一定是因为生活中缺少孩子造成的。

逻辑推导:

  • 这种“信息”是来自社会主流观念的,相当于在暗示:没有孩子的人生不完整,所以你不快乐是活该。
  • “bothered with the message” 意味着他们经常接收到这种信息,这实际上是一种无形的社会压力或批评。
  • 选项分析:
    • A. are constantly exposed to criticism(不断遭受批评)
      这里的“criticism”并非一定是当面指责,而是社会观念对他们的无形评判和质疑,与原文“bothered with the message”对应。
    • B. 被媒体忽视 → 文中未提媒体是否忽视他们。
    • C. 未能履行社会责任 → 文中未直接说这是社会责任问题。
    • D. 更不容易满足于生活 → 文中比较的是“不快乐的父母”和“不快乐的无子女者”,但并没有说无子女者总体上更不满,只是说他们不快乐时会被归因于没孩子。

因此正确答案是 A,因为社会不断传递“孩子最重要”的信息,等于是对无子女者的生活选择进行变相批评,让他们感到被指责。

39

According to Paragraph 4, the message conveyed by celebrity magazines is

正确答案:D

解析:

题目要求根据第4段判断名人杂志传递的信息是什么。

第4段关键信息:

  1. 杂志(如《Us Weekly》《People》)呈现的“父母形象”是 极不现实的(hugely unrealistic)。
  2. 特别是像桑德拉·布洛克这样的单身母亲形象,实际上根据研究,单身父母是最不快乐的群体。
  3. 然而,从杂志报道来看,她们却把独自抚养孩子(实际有全天候帮助)描述成“小菜一碟”(a piece of cake)。

逻辑分析:

  • 杂志把辛苦的育儿过程描绘得轻松、光鲜,这与现实严重不符。
  • 这种不真实的描绘会 误导 读者,让他们对育儿产生不切实际的期望。

选项分析:

  • A. soothing(安慰的)→ 不符合,杂志并非在安慰读者,而是在美化育儿。
  • B. ambiguous(模糊的)→ 不符合,杂志传递的信息是明确的美化,并不模糊。
  • C. compensatory(补偿的)→ 不符合,没有体现补偿含义。
  • D. misleading(误导的)→ 正确,因为杂志呈现的形象不真实,会误导公众对育儿的认知。

因此正确答案是 D。

40

Which of the following can be infered from the last paragraph?

正确答案:B

让我们先分析最后一段的内容,再判断选项。

最后一段原文关键信息

  1. 很少有人会蠢到因为明星(如 Reese 和 Angelina)把养孩子描绘得很光鲜就想要孩子——大多数成年人知道孩子不是做个发型那么简单。
  2. 但有趣的是,我们每周看到的那些“无忧无虑、幸福满满的父母形象”,是否在潜意识里加剧我们对实际生活的不满,就像我们曾希望剪个 Rachel 发型就能让自己有点像 Jennifer Aniston 一样。

推理要点

  • 作者暗示,虽然大多数人不会直接模仿明星去生孩子,但媒体不断展示的“幸福父母”形象,可能在潜移默化中影响我们对养育孩子的看法,让我们对现实育儿更易感到不满(因为现实没那么轻松美好)。
  • 也就是说,明星妈妈的形象在某种程度上影响了我们对育儿的态度。

选项分析
A. 生孩子对明星妈妈的光环贡献很小 → 文中未讨论明星本人因生孩子获得多少光环,而是说她们的形象影响普通人。
B. 明星妈妈影响了我们对养育孩子的态度 → 与原文推理一致,因为作者说这些形象可能潜意识里加剧我们对实际经历的不满,即影响了我们的态度。
C. 生孩子加剧我们对生活的不满 → 这是直接现象,但最后一段强调的是明星形象可能加剧这种不满,而不是“生孩子”本身直接加剧,且这是对部分人的可能影响,不是必然推论。
D. 我们有时忽视育儿带来的幸福 → 最后一段没提“忽视幸福”,而是说媒体形象可能让我们对实际体验更不满意。

因此正确选项是 B

Part B

Directions

The following paragraph are given in a wrong order.For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize those paragraph into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G to filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraph E and C have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)

41-45

[A] No disciplines have seized on professionalism with as much enthusiasm the humanities. You can, Mr. Menand points out, became a lawyer in three years and a medical doctor in four. But the regular time it takes to get a doctoral degree in the humanities is nine years. Not surprisingly,up to half of all doctoral students in English drop out before getting their degrees.

[B] His concerm is mainly with the humanitis: Literature, 1anguages, philosophy and so on. These are disciplines that are going out of sytle:22% of American college graduates now major in business compared with only 2% in history and 4% in English. However, many leading American universities want their undergraduates to have a grounding in the basic canon of ideas that every educated person should posses. But most find it difficult to agree on what a “general education” should look like. At Harvard, Mr. Menand notes,“the great books are read because they have been read”, they form a sort of social glue.

[C] Equally unsurprisingly, only about half end up with professorships for which they entered graduate school. There are simply too few posts. This is partly because universities continue to produce ever more PhDs. But fewer students want to study humanities subjects: English department awarded more bachelor’s degrees in 1970-71 than they did 20 years later. Fewer students requires fewer teachers. So, at the end of a decade of theses-writing, many humanities students leave the profession to du something for which they have not been trained.

[D] One reason why it is hard to design and teach courses is that they can cut across the insistence by top American universities that liberal arts educations and professional education should be kept separate, taught in different schools. Many students experience both varieties Although more than half of Harvard undergraduates end up in law, medicine or business, future doctors and lawyers must study a non-specialist liberal-art degree before embarking on a professional qualification.

[E] Besides professionalizing the professions by this separation top American universities have professionalized the professor. The growth on public money for academic research has speeded the process; federal research grants rose fourfold between 1960 and 1990, but faculty teaching hours fell by half as research took its toll Poressionalism has turmed the acquistion of a doctoral degree into a prerequisite for a successul academic career; as late as 1969 a third of American professors did not possess one. But the key idea behind professionalization, argues Mr. Menand, is that “the knowledge and skills needed for a particular specialization are transmissible but not transferable.” So disciplines acquire a monopoly not just over the production of knowledge,but also over the production of the producers of knowledge.

[F] The key to reforming higher education, concludes Mr. Menand, is to alter the way in which “the producers of knowledge are produced. Otherwise,academics will continue to think dangerously alike, increasingly detached from the societies which they study, investigate and criticize.“Academic inquiry, at least in some fields,may need to become less cxclusionary and more holistic.” Yet quite how that happens, Mr. Menand dose not say.

[G] The subtle and ineligent ite bok The marketplace of Ideas: Reform and Resistance in the American University should be read by every student thinking of applying to take a doctoral degree. They may then decide to go elsewhere.For something curious has been happening in American Universities, and Louis Menand, a professor of English at Harvard University, captured it skillfully.

41 ______ → 42 ______ → E → 43 ______ → 44 ______ → 45 ______

Part C

Directions

Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)

46-50

With its theme that “Mind is the master weaver,” creating our inner character and outer circumstances, the book As a Man Thinking by James Allen is an in - depth exploration of the central idea of self - help writing.

(46) Allen’s contribution was to take an assumption we all share—that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts—and reveal its erroneous nature. Because most of us believe that mind is separate from matter, we think that thoughts can be hidden and made powerless; this allows us to think one way and act another. However, Allen believed that the unconscious mind generates as much action as the conscious mind, and (47) while we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone, in reality we are continually faced with a question: “Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that?"

Since desire and will are damaged by the presence of thoughts that do not accord with desire, Allen concluded: “We do not attract what we want, but what we are.” Achievement happens because you as a person embody the external achievement; you don’t “get” success but become it. There is no gap between mind and matter.

Part of the fame of Allen’s book is its contention that “Circumstances do not make a person, they reveal him.” (48)
This seems a justification for neglect of those in need, and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.

This, however, would be a knee - jerk reaction to a subtle argument. Each set of circumstances, however bad, offers a unique opportunity for growth. If circumstances always determined the life and prospects of people, then humanity would never have progressed. In fact, (49) circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us and if we feel that we have been “wronged” then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation. Nevertheless, as any biographer knows, a person’s early life and its conditions are often the greatest gift to an individual.

The sobering aspect of Allen’s book is that we have no one else to blame for our present condition except ourselves. (50) The upside is the possibilities contained in knowing that everything is up to us; where before we were experts in the array of limitations, now we become authorities of what is possible.

写作

Part A

51

Directions

Write a letter to a friend of yours to

  1. recommend one of your favorite movies and

  2. give reasons for your recommendation.

You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET2.

Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use"Li Ming"instead.

Do not write the address.(10points)

Part B

52

Direction

Write an essay of 160 - 200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should

  1. describe the drawing briefly

  2. explain its intended meaning and

  3. give your comments

You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)

(图画展示了一艘行驶在水面上的船,船上有人,而水面漂浮着诸多垃圾,如包装袋、瓶子等,图画下方有文字 “旅途之余”。)