2016 年真题
选择题答案速对
| No. | Ans | No. | Ans | No. | Ans | No. | Ans | No. | Ans |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | B | 2 | D | 3 | C | 4 | A | 5 | C |
| 6 | A | 7 | C | 8 | C | 9 | D | 10 | B |
| 11 | D | 12 | D | 13 | B | 14 | A | 15 | C |
| 16 | D | 17 | B | 18 | A | 19 | C | 20 | A |
| 21 | A | 22 | D | 23 | B | 24 | C | 25 | A |
| 26 | A | 27 | D | 28 | C | 29 | A | 30 | C |
| 31 | B | 32 | C | 33 | D | 34 | B | 35 | A |
| 36 | D | 37 | A | 38 | B | 39 | C | 40 | D |
完形填空
Directions
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Text
In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. A young man can a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to the marriage negotiations, or the young man’s parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. , a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying a good family.
The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and groom’s wrists, and a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the . Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife’s parents and may with them up to a year, they can build a new house nearby.
Divorce is legal and easy to , but not common. Divorced persons are with some disapproval. Each spouse retains property he or she into the marriage, and jointly - acquired property is equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice up: The divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry the woman must wait ten months.
1
解析:
- 句子结构分析
原句:
It may involve not only his parents and his friends, ______ those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker.
这里使用了 not only…, ______…, but also… 的并列结构。
逻辑上,前面是“他的父母和朋友”,后面是“年轻女子的父母和朋友”,两者是并列关系,意思是“不仅涉及男方的父母和朋友,而且涉及女方的父母和朋友,还涉及媒人”。
- 选项含义
- A. by way of 通过…方式
- B. as well as 以及,和
- C. on behalf of 代表
- D. with regard to 关于
逻辑判断
空格前后是并列的两个群体(his parents and his friends 与 those of the young woman),所以要用表示“和、以及”的词。
as well as 符合此意。排除其他选项
- by way of 表示方式,不符合。
- on behalf of 表示代表,不符合。
- with regard to 表示关于,也不符合并列关系。
答案:B
2
解析:
第 2 题空格所在的句子是:
A young man can ______ a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to … the marriage negotiations.
句意分析:
这句话在讲年轻男性选择配偶的方式。
- “on his own” 表示“自己独立地”。
- “and then ask his parents to …” 说明先自己做了某个行为,再让父母去进行婚姻商议。
- 从逻辑上看,这个行为应该是“选定”或“决定”一个可能的配偶,然后父母才去提亲或谈判。
选项分析:
- A. adapt to 适应 → 与选择配偶无关。
- B. provide for 供养 → 意思不符。
- C. compete with 与……竞争 → 语境不对。
- D. decide on 决定,选定 → 符合“自己选定一个可能的配偶”的意思。
因此,正确答案是 D. decide on。
3
解析:
第 3 题空格所在的句子是:
A young man can ______ a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to ______ the marriage negotiations…
意思是:一个年轻男子可以自己物色一个可能的配偶,然后请他的父母来 ______ 婚姻谈判。
这里的关键是“婚姻谈判(marriage negotiations)”,在柬埔寨的婚俗背景下,这指的是双方家庭就婚事进行正式商议和安排。
- A. close(结束)—— 不符合,因为父母不是来“结束”谈判,而是来“进行”或“安排”谈判。
- B. renew(更新)—— 不符合语境,因为这里不是“重新开始”谈判,而是初次安排。
- C. arrange(安排)—— 符合逻辑,父母负责安排婚姻谈判事宜。
- D. postpone(推迟)—— 与文意相反,男子请求父母不是要推迟,而是要促成婚事。
因此正确答案是 C. arrange。
4
解析:
第 4 题所在句子为:
$\underline{\quad4\quad}$, a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen.
前文提到,有时父母为年轻男子选择配偶,子女在挑选中几乎没有发言权。而这里说“女孩可以否决父母选择的配偶”,这显然是一种理论上的可能性或原则上的权利,而不是实际中一定会发生、或作为例子、或时间上的先后关系。
- A. In theory(理论上)符合语境,表示虽然现实中可能父母决定,但理论上女孩有权否决。
- B. Above all(最重要的是)不符合,因为这里不是强调重要性。
- C. In time(及时,最终)与上下文逻辑不符。
- D. For example(例如)也不对,因为这里不是在举例说明前文,而是表达一种理论上的权利。
因此正确答案是 A. In theory。
5
解析:
第 5 题位于句子开头,连接前后两个分句。
前文提到“年轻男子可以自己选择配偶,或者由父母选择,子女在挑选中几乎没有发言权”,接着出现“____ a spouse has been selected”,后面是“每个家庭都会调查对方家庭,以确保自己的孩子是嫁/娶到一个好家庭”。
逻辑上,“选定配偶” 是 “家庭互相调查” 的前提条件,即“在选定配偶之后,双方家庭才去调查对方”。
因此,这里需要一个表示“在……之后”的时间连词。
选项分析:
- A. Although(虽然)表示让步,不符合逻辑顺序。
- B. Lest(以免)表示目的或担心,不符合。
- C. After(在……之后)正确,符合时间与逻辑顺序。
- D. Unless(除非)表示条件,不符合。
因此正确答案是 C. After。
6
解析:
第 6 题空格所在的句子是:
… each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying _____ a good family.
这里的意思是“确保自己的孩子是嫁入/娶到一个好家庭”。
在英语中,marry into 是一个固定搭配,表示“通过婚姻成为某个家庭的一员”,尤其强调与某个家庭联姻,比如 marry into a rich family(嫁入/娶入富裕家庭)。
- A. into ✅ 符合搭配和语义。
- B. within ❌ 表示“在……内部”,不用于婚姻与家庭的搭配。
- C. from ❌ 表示“来自”,逻辑上不通。
- D. through ❌ 表示“通过……方式”,但这里不是指通过某个家庭去结婚,而是成为其家庭成员。
因此正确答案是 A. into。
7
解析:
第 7 题位于句子:
Formerly it lasted three days, ______ by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half.
- 前半句说“以前持续三天”,后半句说“到 20 世纪 80 年代通常只持续一天半”,时间变化且持续时间缩短,前后是转折关系。
- 选项分析:
- A. since 表示“自从”或“因为”,不符合逻辑。
- B. or 表示选择,不符合。
- C. but 表示转折,正确。
- D. so 表示因果,不符合。
因此选 C. but。
8
解析:
第 8 题空格所在的句子是:
Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and ______ prayers of blessing.
意思是:“佛教僧侣会进行简短的说教,并 ______ 祝福的祈祷文。”
四个选项分别是:
A. test(测试)
B. copy(复制)
C. recite(诵读、念诵)
D. create(创造)
在宗教仪式中,僧侣或神职人员通常是通过念诵祷文来祝福新人,而不是测试、复制或创造祷文。
“recite prayers”是常见搭配,意为“念诵祈祷文”,符合语境。
因此正确答案是 C. recite。
9
解析:
第 9 题所在句子为:
Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, ___ cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and groom’s wrists, and passing a candle…
这里描述的是柬埔寨婚礼中的一个环节:把浸过圣水的棉线 绕在新郎新娘的手腕上。
四个选项的意思分别是:
- A. folding(折叠)
- B. piling(堆积)
- C. wrapping(包裹、缠绕)
- D. tying(系、绑)
在婚礼习俗中,这种仪式通常是 把线系/绑在手腕上 以象征联结或祝福。
“tying … around the wrists” 是常见搭配,强调打结固定;
“wrapping” 虽然也有“缠绕”的意思,但一般指裹住(如用绷带裹住手腕),不一定打结,而这里更强调“系线”这个动作,所以 tying 更符合文化习俗和动词搭配。
因此正确答案是 D. tying。
10
解析:
第 10 题所在句子为:
Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, tying cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and groom’s wrists, and _____ a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the marriage.
这里描述的是婚礼仪式中的三个并列动作:
- ritual hair cutting
- tying cotton threads …
- _____ a candle around a circle …
从语境来看,这个动作应该是“传递蜡烛”在那些婚姻幸福、受人尊敬的夫妇围成的圈中,以表示祝福。
- A. lighting(点燃)—— 虽然蜡烛需要点燃,但这里强调的是“围绕一圈传递”的动作,不是只点燃。
- B. passing(传递)—— 符合“围绕一圈”的动作逻辑,是婚礼中常见的象征性仪式。
- C. hiding(隐藏)—— 与语境不符。
- D. serving(服务、端上)—— 不适用于蜡烛在仪式中的动作。
因此,正确答案是 B. passing。
11
解析:
第 11 题空格所在的句子是:
… and passing a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the ______.
这里的 “the ______” 指的是前面描述的婚礼中新郎新娘的结合。
- A. meeting(会面)—— 一般指临时的见面,不表示婚姻的结合。
- B. association(协会;关联)—— 多指组织或一般联系,不特指婚姻。
- C. collection(收集;集合)—— 与婚姻祝福无关。
- D. union(结合;联合)—— 在婚礼语境中常指 “婚姻的结合”,即两个人的结合成一个家庭,符合 “bless the union”(祝福这段婚姻)的固定搭配。
因此,D. union 是正确答案。
12
解析:
第 12 题所在的句子是:
Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife’s parents and may ______ with them up to a year, until they can build a new house nearby.
1. 句意理解
这句话说新婚夫妇传统上会搬到妻子的父母家住,并且可能和他们 ______ 长达一年,直到他们能在附近建好新房。
显然,这里是说“和父母一起居住”的意思。
2. 选项分析
- A. grow(成长)—— 与父母一起成长?不合逻辑,因为新婚夫妇已是成年人。
- B. part(分开)—— 与搬去和父母住的意思相反。
- C. deal(deal with 意为“处理、应对”)—— 虽然可以说 deal with them,但这里是指“居住在一起”,不是“应对他们”。
- D. live(居住)—— live with them 就是“和他们一起住”,完全符合句意。
3. 搭配与语境
“live with someone” 是固定搭配,表示“与某人同住”。
上下文说“move in with the wife’s parents”已经表明是搬去同住,后面进一步说明“may live with them up to a year”是自然的延续。
因此正确答案是 D. live。
13
解析:
第 13 题所在的句子是:
Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife’s parents and may stay with them up to a year, ______ they can build a new house nearby.
- 这里意思是“新婚夫妇传统上会搬到妻子父母家住,并且可能和他们住上一年,______他们能在附近建好新房”。
- 逻辑上,“住上一年”和“建好新房”之间是时间关系,即“住到……为止”,所以用 until(直到)最合适。
- whereas 表示对比,for 表示原因,if 表示条件,都不符合“时间延续到某个点”的语境。
因此正确答案是 B. until。
14
解析:
第 14 题所在句子是:
Divorce is legal and easy to ______, but not common.
意思是“离婚是合法的,并且容易______,但不常见”。
- A. obtain 意为“获得”,在这里指“获得离婚(手续)”,即“容易办成离婚”。
- B. follow 意为“跟随”,不符合“离婚”的语境。
- C. challenge 意为“挑战”,逻辑不通。
- D. avoid 意为“避免”,与“离婚合法且容易”矛盾。
从上下文看,这里强调“法律上离婚容易办到”,所以 A. obtain 正确。
答案:A
15
解析:
第 15 题所在句子为:
Divorced persons are ______ with some disapproval.
四个选项:
A. isolated(被孤立)
B. persuaded(被说服)
C. viewed(被视为,被看待)
D. exposed(被暴露)
句意分析:
前文说“离婚是合法的且容易,但不常见”,后文说“离婚的人______带有某种不赞成”。
这里需要一个表示“看待、对待”的词,并且与介词 with 搭配。
view … with disapproval 是固定搭配,意为“以不赞成的态度看待”,符合语境。
其他选项:
- isolated 一般与 from 搭配,且语义过重,文中只是说人们不赞成,不一定被完全孤立。
- persuaded 不符合逻辑,离婚的人不需要被“说服”不赞成。
- exposed 与 to 搭配,且意思不符。
因此正确答案是 C. viewed。
16
解析:
第 16 题空格所在的句子是:
Each spouse retains $\underline{\quad16\quad}$ property he or she $\underline{\quad17\quad}$ into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is divided equally.
句子结构分析:
- “he or she brought into the marriage” 是一个定语从句,修饰 “property”。
- 空格处需要一个关系词,引导名词性成分作 “retains” 的宾语,并且能在从句中作 “brought” 的宾语(指物)。
选项分析:
- A. wherever 表示地点,不符合“财产”这一抽象名词的引导需求。
- B. however 表示方式,不能直接接名词。
- C. whenever 表示时间,不能接名词。
- D. whatever = anything that,可以引导名词性从句作宾语,并且 “whatever property” 相当于 “any property that”,符合句意:“各自保留他/她带入婚姻的任何财产”。
因此,正确答案是 D. whatever。
17
解析:
第 17 题所在句子为:
Each spouse retains property he or she ___ into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is divided equally.
句意:
每位配偶保留他或她 带入 婚姻的财产,共同获得的财产则平分。
选项分析:
- A. changed → “改变”财产带入婚姻,不符合“带入”含义
- B. brought → “bring into the marriage” 是固定搭配,表示“带入婚姻”,符合语境
- C. shaped → “塑造”财产,不符合逻辑
- D. pushed → “推进”财产,搭配不当
因此正确答案是 B. brought。
18
解析:
第 18 题所在句为:
Divorced persons are … Each spouse retains … property he or she … into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is ______ equally.
- 这里讨论的是离婚时共同财产(jointly-acquired property)的处理方式。
- 根据常识和法律常规,共同财产在离婚时一般会平分,即 divided equally。
- B. invested(投资)、C. donated(捐赠)、D. withdrawn(提取)均不符合“离婚财产分割”的语境。
因此正确答案是 A. divided。
19
解析:
第 19 题空格所在的句子是:
Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice ______ up: The divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry ______ the woman must wait ten months.
1. 句意理解
这句话意思是:离婚的人可以再婚,但出现一种性别偏见:离婚男性再婚前没有等待期,而女性必须等待十个月。
空格处需要一个动词短语,表示这种偏见“显现出来”或“出现”。
2. 选项分析
- A. clears up:澄清、放晴,不符合“偏见出现”的意思。
- B. warms up:热身、变暖,与偏见无关。
- C. shows up:显现、出现,符合语境。
- D. break up:分手、打碎,主语一般是关系或物体,不用于“偏见”作主语时表示“出现”。
3. 搭配与逻辑
“a gender prejudice shows up” 意为“一种性别偏见显现出来”,后面用冒号引出具体内容,非常自然。
其他选项在语义上都不合适。
因此正确答案是 C. shows。
20
解析:
第 20 题空格前的句子是:
The divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry ______ the woman must wait ten months.
这里前后两个分句在内容上形成对比:
- 男性离婚后没有等待期就可以再婚
- 女性必须等待十个月
在英语中,表示对比的连词常用 while(意为“而,然而”),所以选项 A. while 正确。
其他选项分析:
- B. so what 不是连词,不能连接两个句子,且语义不通。
- C. once 表示“一旦”,引导时间状语从句,不符合对比逻辑。
- D. in that 表示“因为,在于”,用于解释原因,不表示对比。
因此答案是 A. while。
阅读理解
Part A
Text1
France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for woman.Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crine to employ ultra-thin models on runways.
The parliament also agreed to ban websites that" incite excessive thinness" by promoting extreme dieting.
Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up with impinging on health. That’s a start.And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starring themselves to health - as some have done.It tells the fashion industry that it move take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape - measure they must use to determine their individual worth.
The bans, if fully enforced , would suggest to woman (and many men )that they should not let others be orbiters of their beauty , And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to sine zero or wasp-waist physiques.
The French measures, however,rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mess could result in a $85, 000 fine and six months in prison.
The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standard for models and fashion images there rely more on pear pressure for enforcement. In contrast to France’s actions,Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding age, health, and other characteristics of models .The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical charter clearly states, we are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people. The charter’ s main toll of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen. Fashion week, which is men by the Danish Fashion Institute . But in general it relies on a name-and - shame method of compl iance. Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.
21
According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?
解析:
题干定位:题目问的是“根据第一段,法国会发生什么?” 因此需要仔细阅读第一段内容。
第一段原文为:France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for woman. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways.
关键信息提取:
- 法国认为其时尚业已经失去绝对权利来定义女性形体美。
- 立法者初步通过一项法律,禁止雇用过瘦的模特。
- 这意味着法国要通过法律手段改变时尚业对“形体美”的定义标准。
选项分析:
- A. Physical beauty would be redefined(形体美会被重新定义) → 与原文“失去绝对权利来定义”以及立法禁止过瘦模特相符,即美的标准将改变。
- B. New runways would be constructed(新T台会被建造) → 原文未提及。
- C. Websites about dieting would thrive(关于节食的网站会繁荣) → 与第二段提到的“禁止鼓励过度瘦身的网站”相反。
- D. The fashion industry would decline(时尚业会衰退) → 原文未提及,且第一段重点不是行业衰退,而是美的标准变化。
结论:
法国通过立法限制过瘦模特,意味着时尚业对“形体美”的定义权受到法律干预,因此形体美会被重新定义,A 正确。
22
The phrase"impinging on"(Line2 Para2) is closest in meaning to
我们先分析题目中短语所在的语境。
原文相关段落(第二段):
Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up with impinging on health. That’s a start.
逻辑分析:
- 法国立法禁止雇用过瘦模特,理由是这些措施有“积极的动机”。
- 动机之一是“美不应由那些最终会 impinging on 健康的外表来定义”。
- 也就是说,这种外表(极度瘦弱)对健康有负面影响,所以不应该成为美的标准。
词义推测:
“impinging on” 本意是“撞击、冲击”,引申为“对…产生不良影响”或“损害”。
从上下文看,这里显然是指“对健康有害”。
选项比对:
A. heightening the value of(提升…的价值) → 与文意相反
B. indicating the state of(表明…的状态) → 不符合逻辑
C. losing faith in(对…失去信心) → 搭配和语义不符
D. doing harm to(对…造成伤害) → 符合“损害健康”的语境
因此正确答案是 D。
23
Which of the following is true of the fashion industry
让我们根据文章内容来分析这道题。
文章关键信息回顾:
- 法国通过法律手段,禁止雇佣过瘦的模特,并对违反者处以罚款和监禁。
- 丹麦的做法不同——时尚行业自主制定规则,依靠行业自律和“点名羞辱”的方式执行,而不是法律惩罚。
- 丹麦新修订的《时尚道德宪章》明确提到他们意识到时尚行业对理想体型观念的影响,并承担责任。
- 丹麦的规则涉及模特的年龄、健康等特征。
选项分析:
A. The French measures have already failed
文章没有说法国措施已经失败,只是说它主要依赖严厉惩罚,并且暗示这种做法可能不如道德劝说有效,但并未说它已经失败。
B. New standards are being set in Denmark
正确。文章明确提到 “In Denmark … it is trying to set voluntary standards for models” 以及 “Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding age, health, and other characteristics of models.” 这证明丹麦正在设定新标准。
C. Models are no longer under peer pressure
错误。丹麦的做法反而更依赖同行压力(peer pressure)来执行,而不是没有同行压力。
D. Its inherent problems are getting worse
文章没有说问题在恶化,只是说时尚行业知道自身存在固有问题(inherent problem)。
因此正确答案是 B,对应丹麦正在设定新的行业标准这一事实。
24
A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for
让我们先定位关键信息。
原文提到丹麦时尚伦理宪章(Danish Fashion Ethical Charter)时,说:
The charter’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week (CFW) …
并指出丹麦的规则涉及 age, health, and other characteristics of models。
后面又说:
we are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.
这意味着如果设计师不关注健康因素(比如使用过度瘦弱的模特,或鼓励不健康的审美),就可能被 CFW 拒绝。
再看选项:
- A. setting perfect physical conditions
文中并没有说“设定完美的身体条件”会被拒绝,反而时尚业本来就在意身体条件,只是现在要求不能以健康为代价。 - B. caring too much about models’ character
文中没有提到“过分关注模特性格”会被拒绝,甚至提倡关注性格与智力等无形品质,但这不是拒绝的理由。 - C. showing little concern for health factors
这与丹麦时尚伦理宪章的精神相违背,宪章要求行业对健康负责,不关心健康因素的设计师会被 CFW 拒绝。 - D. pursuing a high age threshold for models
文中没有说“提高年龄门槛”会被拒绝,相反可能鼓励不用未成年模特,但这不是本题的拒绝原因。
因此,正确选项是 C,因为设计师如果忽视健康因素,按照丹麦的伦理宪章,会被 CFW 拒之门外。
25
Which of the following maybe the best title of the text?
解析:
文章主要讨论法国通过立法手段,禁止雇佣过瘦模特以及禁止宣扬极端瘦身的网站,旨在改变时尚业对“理想身材”的定义,尤其是对女性及青少年产生的不良影响。文章还对比了丹麦等国的行业自律做法,并指出依靠道德劝说而非法律可能是更好的方式。
选项分析:
A. A challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals
文章核心确实是对时尚业长期以来推崇的“以瘦为美”的身体标准提出挑战,无论是法国的法律手段,还是丹麦的行业自律,都是对这一标准的反思与修正。B. A Dilemma for the starving models in France
文章并未重点讨论模特自身的困境,而是聚焦于社会、行业与法律对“理想身材”标准的重新审视。C. Just Another Round of struggle for beauty
文章并非简单描述又一轮对美的争夺,而是具体针对时尚业中不健康的身体标准提出挑战,有明确的行业与社会指向性。D. The Great Threats to the Fashion Industry
文章并未强调时尚业面临巨大威胁,而是讨论如何引导其承担更多社会责任,并非威胁本身。
结论:
文章的核心是对时尚业所推崇的身体理想(body ideals)提出质疑与挑战,并探讨不同国家采取的应对措施。因此,A 选项最准确、全面地概括了文章主旨,适合作为标题。
Text2
For the first time in the history more people live in towns than in the country. In Britain this has had a curious result.While polls show Britons rate"the countryside" alongside the royal family. Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what make them proudest of their country,this has limited political support. A century ago Octavia Hill launched the Nat ional Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save “the beauty of natural places for everyone forever”.It was specifically to provide city dvellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience “a refreshing air”.,Hill’s pressure later led to the creation of national parks and green belts.They don’t make countryside any more,and every year concrete consumes more of it.It needs constant guardianship.
At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment.The Conservatives’ planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation,
even authorizing “off -plan"building where local people might object. The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable. Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development.The Liberal Democrats are silent only u sensing its chance, has sides with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land. Its campaign to protect Rural England struck terror into many local conservative parties.
The sensible place to build new houses factories and offices is where people are in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place. The London agents Stirling Ackroyed recently identified enough sites for half of million houses in the Landon area alone with no intrusion on green belts. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces. The idea that “housing crisis” equals " concreted meadows"is pure lobby talk. The issue is not the need for more houses but, as always, where to put them under lobby pressure,George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets.This is not a free market but a biased one. Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow. They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character.We do not ruin urban conservat ion areas.Why ruin rural ones?
Development should be planned, not let trip, After the Netherlands, Britain is Europe’s most crowed country.Half a century of town and country planning has enable it to retain an enviable rural coherence,while still permitting low-density urban living. There is no doubt of the alternative-the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland. Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.
26
Britain’s public sentiment about the countryside
解析:
题干关键词:Britain’s public sentiment about the countryside(英国公众对乡村的情感)。
原文定位:
- 第一段提到:
While polls show Britons rate “the countryside” alongside the royal family, Shakespeare and the NHS as what make them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.
(虽然民调显示英国人将“乡村”与王室、莎士比亚和 NHS 并列为最令他们自豪的国家象征,但这在政治上得到的支持有限。) - 这句话明确说明:公众对乡村的情感(public sentiment)在政治上得到的支持有限(limited political support)。
- 第一段提到:
选项分析:
- A. is not well reflected in politics(在政治中没有得到充分体现)
与原文“limited political support”一致,即公众情感未充分反映在政治中。 - B. is fully backed by the royal family(得到王室的全力支持)
原文提到王室是并列的骄傲象征,但未说王室支持乡村保护的政治行动,属于无中生有。 - C. didn’t start till the Shakespearean age(直到莎士比亚时代才开始)
原文未提及乡村情感始于何时,且第一段提到 National Trust 是 100 年前成立的,但公众情感更早存在。 - D. has brought much benefit to the NHS(给 NHS 带来很多好处)
原文仅将 NHS 与乡村并列作为骄傲的象征,未提及二者有因果关系。
- A. is not well reflected in politics(在政治中没有得到充分体现)
结论:
根据原文“limited political support”,公众对乡村的情感在政治上未得到充分体现,因此 A 正确。
答案:A
27
According to paragraph 2,the achievements of the National Trust are now being
我们先定位原文第二段内容。
第二段开头说:
At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment. The Conservatives’ planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation, even authorizing “off-plan” building where local people might object.
意思是:没有大党支持这种保护乡村的情感,保守党的规划改革明确把乡村发展置于保护之上,甚至允许在本地人反对的地方进行“计划外”建设。
接着提到工党、自民党等态度,也偏向开发。
推理:
第一段末尾提到 National Trust 的成就(national parks and green belts)需要 constant guardianship(持续守护)。第二段说现在政治趋势是开发优先于保护,甚至允许在绿地上建设。
因此 National Trust 的成就(保护的自然区域、绿地)正在受到侵蚀,也就是 gradually destroyed。
选项分析:
- A “largely overshadowed” 被掩盖/黯然失色,强调被其他事物超过,但这里更强调实质破坏,不是仅仅被忽视。
- B “properly protected” 与原文相反。
- C “effectively reinforced” 被有效加强,与原文相反。
- D “gradually destroyed” 逐渐破坏,符合“开发优先、侵占绿地”的论述。
答案:D
28
Which of the following can be offered from paragraph 3
让我们先定位到原文第三段:
At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment. The Conservatives’ planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation, even authorizing “off-plan” building where local people might object. The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable. Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development. The Liberal Democrats are silent. Only Ukip, sensing its chance, has sided with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land. Its campaign to Protect Rural England struck terror into many local Conservative parties.
逐项分析选项:
A. Labour is under attack for opposing development
- 错误。工党(Labour)在文中是“想要取消地方规划(如果地方议会反对开发)”,即工党是支持开发、反对地方议会的阻挠,而不是工党反对开发。
B. The Conservatives may abandon “off-plan” building
- 错误。保守党明确支持乡村开发,甚至授权“计划外”建设,没有说要放弃。
C. Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation
- 正确。文中说“只有 Ukip 看到了机会,站在了呼吁更慎重使用绿地的人一边”,并且它的保护英格兰乡村运动让许多地方保守党感到害怕,说明它可能因此获得支持。
D. The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence
- 错误。文中只说自民党对此保持沉默,没有说失去政治影响力。
因此正确答案是 C。
29
The author holds that George Osbornes’s preference
让我们一步步推理。
1. 定位原文中关于 George Osborne 的内容
在第三段后半部分提到:
under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets. This is not a free market but a biased one. Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow. They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character. We do not ruin urban conservation areas. Why ruin rural ones?
2. 理解作者观点
作者认为:
- Osborne 倾向于在乡村新建房屋,而不是翻新城市区域。
- 这不是自由市场,而是有偏向的市场。
- 乡村城镇和村庄可以发展,但应该建在边缘并尊重其特色。
- 我们不会破坏城市保护区,那为什么要破坏乡村保护区?
作者暗示 Osborne 的做法不尊重乡村特色,破坏了乡村。
3. 看选项
A. shows his disregard for the character of rural area
→ 与原文 “respects their character” 对应,作者认为 Osborne 的做法没有尊重乡村特色,因此可以理解为 disregard。
B. stresses the necessity of easing the housing crisis
→ 虽然 Osborne 可能以缓解住房危机为理由,但作者不认为这是他的真实动机,且作者认为住房危机不等于要占用绿地。
C. highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure
→ 原文说 under lobby pressure,他是受游说团体影响,而不是反对游说压力。
D. reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas
→ 他偏向乡村新建,但作者重点不是说他“歧视城市”,而是说他不尊重乡村特色。
4. 确定答案
作者认为 Osborne 的偏好体现了对乡村特色的忽视,因此选 A。
30
In the last paragraph the author show his appreciation of
让我们先看最后一段的内容:
Development should be planned, not let trip. After the Netherlands, Britain is Europe’s most crowded country. Half a century of town and country planning has enable it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living. There is no doubt of the alternative — the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland. Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.
作者在这段里提到:
- 英国是欧洲人口密度第二高的国家。
- 半个世纪的 “town and country planning” 使它保持了令人羡慕的乡村协调性,同时还能保持低密度的城市生活。
- 如果不这样做,就会像葡萄牙南部、西班牙或爱尔兰那样出现景观破坏。
- 作者认为应该避免这种破坏,这应是左右政治派别的共识。
很明显,作者在肯定英国过去半个世纪的城乡规划(town and country planning)的成果,并认为它成功地保护了乡村风貌,同时避免了其他国家出现的乱开发问题。
所以,第 30 题问“作者在最后一段表达了对什么的欣赏”,正确选项是 C. the town-and-country planning in Britain。
其他选项:
A. 英国的人口规模 → 文中只提到英国人口密度大,但这不是作者欣赏的对象。
B. 英国令人羡慕的城市生活方式 → 文中提到的是低密度城市生活是城乡规划的结果,但欣赏的核心是城乡规划本身。
D. 当今英国的政治生活 → 最后一句提到政治左右派应联合,但这不是本段主要表达欣赏的对象。
Text3
“There is one and only one social responsibility of business” wrote Milton Friedman,a Nobel Prize-winning economist “That is,to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits.” But even if you accept Friedman’s premise and regard corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies as a waste of shareholders’s money,things may not be absolutely clearract.New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.
The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year on CSR, according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm. This could add value to their businesses in three ways. First, consumers may take CSR spending as a “signal” that a company’s products are of high quality.Second, customers may be willing to buy a company’s products as an indirect may to donate to the good causes it helps. And third, through a more diffuse “halo effect” whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.
Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers car be affected by all three. A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under American’s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA).It arges that since prosecutors do not consume a company’s products as part of their investigations, they could be influenced only by the halo effect. The study found that, among prosecuted firms, those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more enient penalties. Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firm’s political influence, rather than their CSR stand,that accounted for the lenieney: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.
In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do seem to be influenced by a company’s record in CSR.“Wwe estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving by about20% result in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials.” says one researcher.
Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question at how much businesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when they companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.
31
The author views Milton Friedman’s statement about CSR with
解析:
定位原文观点
文章开头引用了 Milton Friedman 的观点:“企业有且仅有一种社会责任——利用其资源并从事旨在增加利润的活动。” 作者紧接着用 “But even if you accept Friedman’s premise…” 引出转折,指出“事情可能没有那么绝对清晰”,并提到新的研究表明 CSR 可能为公司创造货币价值(至少在被起诉腐败时)。判断作者态度
- 作者并没有完全否定 Friedman 的观点,而是通过新的研究提出不同情况下的例外,说明 Friedman 的说法并非绝对正确。
- 这种写法表现出对 Friedman 说法的怀疑(skepticism),而不是完全赞同、容忍或不确定。
- “things may not be absolutely clear-cut” 和 “new research suggests…” 都表明作者认为 Friedman 的观点过于简单化,需要根据新的证据进行修正。
选项分析
- A. uncertainty(不确定):作者并非不确定,而是有研究证据表明 CSR 有时能带来经济利益,因此态度是明确的怀疑。
- B. skepticism(怀疑):符合作者通过研究反驳 Friedman 绝对化观点的态度。
- C. approval(赞同):显然不是,作者提出了反面证据。
- D. tolerance(容忍):没有体现容忍,而是用证据质疑。
因此正确答案是 B. skepticism。
32
According to Paragraph 2,CSR helps a company by
解析:
题目问的是“根据第2段,CSR如何帮助公司”。
第2段明确列举了CSR可能为企业增加价值的三种方式:
- 消费者可能将CSR支出视为公司产品质量高的“信号” —— 这是让消费者产生信任,而不是直接提高产品质量。
- 顾客可能愿意购买公司的产品,作为一种间接向公益事业捐款的方式 —— 这也是基于消费者对公司社会责任的认同和信任。
- 通过更广泛的“光环效应”,使公司获得消费者和其他人更多的考虑 —— 同样是建立信任和好感。
这三种方式本质上都是通过提升消费者对公司的好感与信任来增加公司价值,而不是直接“提高产品质量”(D 选项),也不是“保护公司免受消费者侵害”(B 选项),更不是“防止不当行为”(A 选项)。
因此,正确选项是 C. winning trust from consumers(赢得消费者的信任)。
33
The expression “more lenient”(line 2, Para.4)is closest in meaning to
让我们一步步推理。
1. 定位原文
题干提示 “more lenient” 出现在第 4 段第 2 行(按原文行号),但根据我们手中的文本,第 4 段是:
The study found that, among prosecuted firms, those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties.
2. 上下文逻辑
这句话的意思是:在被起诉的公司中,那些有更全面的 CSR 计划的公司,往往得到“more lenient penalties”。
penalties 是“惩罚”,那么“more lenient penalties”显然是指“更宽大的惩罚”,也就是惩罚的严厉程度更轻。
3. 选项分析
A. less controversial(争议更少)—— 与惩罚的轻重无关。
B. more lasting(更持久)—— 惩罚持续时间更长,这反而是更重,不符合。
C. more effective(更有效)—— 惩罚的有效性与宽大无关。
D. less severe(不那么严厉)—— 与“更宽大的惩罚”意思一致。
4. 验证
后文提到,消除劳工权利问题或增加慈善捐赠会使罚款比通常低 40%,这直接说明罚款更轻,即 less severe。
答案:D
34
When prosecutors evaluate a case, a company’s CSR record
解析:
题目问的是:当检察官评估案件时,公司的 CSR(企业社会责任)记录会怎样。
根据原文第四段第一句:
“In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do seem to be influenced by a company’s record in CSR.”
这句话明确说明,尽管检察官本应只根据案件本身的是非曲直来评估,但他们确实似乎受到公司 CSR 记录的影响。
对应选项:
- A. comes across as reliable evidence(作为可靠证据出现)—— 原文并未说这是“可靠证据”,只是说检察官会受其影响。
- B. has an impact on their decision(对他们的决定有影响)—— 与原文“they do seem to be influenced”一致。
- C. increases the chance of being penalized(增加被处罚的几率)—— 与原文相反,CSR 记录会减轻处罚。
- D. constitutes part of the investigation(构成调查的一部分)—— 原文未说这是正式调查内容,只是影响检察官的判断。
因此正确答案是 B。
35
Which of the following is true of CSR according to the last paragraph?
让我们先回顾一下最后一段的内容:
Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question at how much businesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when they companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.
逐项分析选项:
A. The necessary amount of companies spending on it is unknown
原文说 “研究没有回答企业应该在CSR上花多少钱的问题”,即确实不知道合适的支出额度,这与A选项意思一致。B. Companies’ financial capacity for it has been overestimated
文中没有提到企业财务能力被高估,属于无中生有。C. Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked
最后一段没有讨论CSR的负面影响是否被忽视,而是说研究没有解决某些问题。D. It has brought much benefit to the banking industry
这里的“banking on”是“依赖、指望”的意思,并不是指银行业。选项D故意曲解为“银行业”,属于偷换概念。
因此,正确答案是 A。
Text4
There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint. Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate.“Sometime in the future,“the paper’s publisher said back in 2010.
Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside, there’s plenty of incentive to ditch print. The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper - printing presses, delivery trucks -isn’t just expensive; it’s excessive at a time when onl ine - only competi ors don’t have the same set of financial constraints. Readers are migrating away from print anyway. And though print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is still declining.
Overhead may be high and circulation lower, but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be a mistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.
Peretti says the Times shouldn’ t waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they go about doing it the right way.“Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them,“he said,“but if you discontinue it, you’ re going have your most loyal customers really upset with you.” Sometimes that’s worth making a change anyway. Peretti gives the example of Netflix discont inuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming.“It was seen as blunder,“he said.The move turned out to be foresighted. And if Peretti were in charge at the Times?“I wouldn’t pick a year to end print,” he said” would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product.”
The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor, the idea goes,and they’d feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in.“So if you’ re overpaying for print, you could feel like you were helping,“Peretti said.“Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue.”
In other words, if you’ re going to make a print product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it.Which may be what the Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a year - more than twice as much as a digital - only subscription. “It’s a really hard thing to do and it’s a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn’t have a legacy business,” Peretti remarked.“But we’ re going to have questions like that where we have things we’re doing that don’t make sense when the market changes and the world changes.In those situations, it’s better to be more aggressive that less aggressive.”
36
The New York Times is considering ending it’s print edition partly due to
解析:
题目问《纽约时报》考虑停止印刷版的部分原因是什么。
定位关键信息
文章第二段提到:The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper - printing presses, delivery trucks - isn’t just expensive; it’s excessive at a time when online-only competitors don’t have the same set of financial constraints.
(制作实体报纸所需的基础设施——印刷机、送报卡车——不仅昂贵,而且在仅有在线业务的竞争对手没有相同财务限制的时代,这种成本过高。)分析选项
- A. 在线广告销售增加
文中提到印刷广告收入仍然比在线和移动广告收入高(print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts),所以在线广告销售增加并不是主要原因。 - B. 来自投资者的压力
文章未提及投资者压力。 - C. 读者的抱怨
文中提到读者正在远离印刷版,但并未说是读者抱怨导致停印。 - D. 运营成本高
第二段明确说明印刷基础设施昂贵,并且与纯线上竞争对手相比成本过高,这直接对应“high cost of operation”。
- A. 在线广告销售增加
结论
根据文章内容,《纽约时报》考虑停止印刷版的主要驱动力之一是印刷业务的高昂运营成本,因此正确答案是 D。
答案:D
37
Pereti suggests that in face of the present situation, The Times should
解析:
题目问的是 Peretti 对《纽约时报》在当前形势下的建议。
从文中可以看出,Peretti 的核心观点是:
- 不要立刻停止印刷版,否则会得罪最忠实的客户。
- 应该加速转型,但要讲究方法。
- 可以提高印刷版价格,把它变成一种“遗产产品”(legacy product),让忠实读者为情怀付费,从而增加收入。
- 这种做法是一种战略调整——不是直接砍掉,也不是维持原状,而是改变定位和定价策略,逐步过渡到数字优先。
选项分析:
- A. make strategic adjustments(进行战略调整)—— 符合他对提高价格、定位为高端产品的建议,是一种策略性转变。
- B. end the print edition for good(永久停止印刷版)—— 与他的主张相反。
- C. seek new sources of leadership(寻找新的领导力来源)—— 文中未提及。
- D. aim for efficient management(追求高效管理)—— 虽然相关,但太宽泛,不如 A 准确对应他的具体建议。
因此正确答案是 A。
38
It can be inferred from paragraphs 5and 6 that a"legacy product”
解析:
题目要求从第5段和第6段推断“legacy product”的含义。
第5段关键信息:
- Peretti 说:“我不会选择某一年停止印刷版,而是会提高价格,把它变成更像是一种‘legacy product’。”
- 接着提到:最忠实的顾客仍然会得到他们喜欢的产品,并且他们会觉得在帮助维持他们信仰的事物的质量。
- “如果你为印刷版多付钱,你会觉得是在帮忙。”
第6段关键信息:
- “换句话说,如果你要做印刷产品,就做给那些已经对它着迷的人。”
- 举例说《纽约时报》印刷版每年近 500 美元,比数字版贵很多。
逻辑推导:
- “legacy product” 是针对仍然喜爱印刷版的忠实客户的。
- 它的特点是价格高,具有某种“传承/怀旧”意义,而不是为了扩大读者群。
- 客户多付钱不仅是为了买报纸,更是为了支持并维持这种他们重视的传统产品。
选项分析:
- A “帮助恢复过去的荣光”:文中未强调“恢复”,而是维持给忠实客户。
- B “是针对最忠诚客户的”:与第5段“最忠诚客户仍然得到他们喜欢的产品”一致。
- C “会降低印刷成本”:文中是提高价格,不是降低成本。
- D “扩大报纸的受欢迎程度”:文中是缩小到核心客户,不是扩大。
因此正确答案是 B。
39
Peretti believes that in a changing world
解析:
题目问的是 Peretti 认为在一个变化的世界中,应该采取什么态度。
文章最后一段 Peretti 提到:
“But we’re going to have questions like that where we have things we’re doing that don’t make sense when the market changes and the world changes. In those situations, it’s better to be more aggressive than less aggressive.”
这句话明确表示:当市场和世界变化时,采取更激进(more aggressive)的策略比不太激进(less aggressive)要好。
对应选项:
- A 传统奢侈品可以不受影响 → 未提及,且与 Peretti 观点不符。
- B 谨慎有助于解决问题 → 与原文“more aggressive than less aggressive”相反。
- C 积极进取更能应对挑战 → 与 “more aggressive” 对应,正确。
- D 传统业务正变得过时 → 虽然 Peretti 提到转型,但这里强调的是应对方式,而不是直接说所有传统业务都过时。
因此答案是 C。
40
which of the following would be the best title of the text?
解析:
文章主要讨论《纽约时报》等纸质报纸的未来出路。虽然纸质报纸成本高、读者减少,但立即停印并不明智。Peretti 的观点是:不应直接停止印刷版,而应把它变成一种高端遗产产品(legacy product),提高价格,让最忠实的读者愿意为情怀和质量支付溢价。
选项分析:
A. shift to online newspapers all at once
文章明确反对“立即彻底转向线上”,所以此项与主旨相反。B. Cherish the Newspapers still in Your Hand
虽有怀旧色彩,但文章重点不是呼吁读者珍惜报纸,而是讨论商业模式转型。C. keep Your Newspapers Forever in Fashion
“永远保持时尚”与文中“提高价格、面向忠实读者”的策略不符,文中并未强调让报纸一直流行。D. Make Your print Newspapers a luxury Good
这与 Peretti 的建议一致:提高价格,使其成为“legacy product”,本质上就是让印刷版变成一种奢侈品,面向愿意多花钱的忠实读者。
因此,正确答案是 D。
Part B
Directions
Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs (41-45).There are two extra subheadings. Mark your answers on the ANSER SHEET. (10 point)
41-45
[A] Create a new image of yourself
[B] Decide if the time is right
[C] Have confidence in yourself
[D] Understand the context
[E] Work with professionals
[F] Make it efficient
[G] Know your goals
No matter how formal or informal the work environment,the way you present yourself has an impact. This is especially true in the first impressions. According to research from Princeton University,people assess your competence, trustworthiness, and likeability in just a tenth of a second, solely based on the way you look.
The difference between today’s workplace and the “dress for success” era is that the range of options is so much broader, Norms have evolved and fragmented.In some settings, red sneakers or dress T-shirts can convey status; in other not so much. Plus, whatever image we present is magnified by social-media services like LinkedIn.Chances are, your headshots are seen much more often now than a decade or two ago. Millennials,it seems,face the paradox of being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal branding.It can be confusing.
So how do we navigate this? How do we know when to invest in an upgrade? And what’s the best way to pull off one than enhances our goals? Here are some tips:
$\underline{\quad41:\quad\quad\quad}$
As an executive coach,I’ve seen image upgrades be particular helpful during transitions-when looking for a new job,stepping into a new or more public role, or changing work environments.If you’ re in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut,now may be a good time,If you’ re not sure, ask for honest feedback from trusted friends,colleagues and professionals. Look for cues about how others perceive you. Maybe there’s no need for an upgrade and that’s OK
$\underline{\quad42:\quad\quad\quad}$
Get clear on what impact you’re hoping to have.Are you looking to refresh your image or pivot it? For one person, the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professional image. For another, it may be to be perceived as more approachable, or more modern and stylish. For someone moving from finance to advertising, maybe they want to look more “SoHo."(It’s OK to use characterizations like that )
$\underline{\quad43:\quad\quad\quad}$
Look at your work environment like an anthropologist. What are the norms of your environment? What conveys status? Who are your most important audiences? How do the people you respect and look up to present themselves? The better you understand the cultural context,the more control you can have over your impact.
$\underline{\quad44:\quad\quad\quad}$
Enlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and context. Hire a personal stylist, or use the free styling service of a store like J. Crew., Try a hair stylist instead of a barber. Work with a professional photographer instead of your spouse or friend.It’s not as expensive as you might think.
$\underline{\quad45:\quad\quad\quad}$
The point of a style upgrade isn’ t to become more vain or to spend more time fussing over what to wear, Instead, use it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue.Pick a standard work uniform or a few go-to options.Buy all your clothes at once with a stylist instead of shopping alone,one article of clothing at a time.
Part C
Directions
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
46-50
Mental health is our birthright. (46) We don’t have to learn how to be mentally healthy; it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone. Mental health can’t be learned, only reawakened. It is like the immune system of the body, which under stress or through lack of nutrition or exercise can be weakened, but which never leaves us. When we don’t understand the value of mental health and we don’t know how to gain access to it, mental health will remain hidden from us.
(47) Our mental health doesn’t really go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.
Mental health is the seed that contains self - esteem – confidence in ourselves and an ability to trust in our common sense. It allows us to have perspective on our lives – the ability to not take ourselves too seriously, to laugh at ourselves, to see the bigger picture, and to see that things will work out. It’s a form of innate or unlearned optimism. (48) Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles, with kindness if they are in pain, and with unconditional love no matter who they are. Mental health is the source of creativity for solving problems, resolving conflict, making our surroundings more beautiful, managing our home life, or coming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our lives easier. It gives us patience for ourselves and toward others as well as patience while driving, catching a fish, working on our car, or raising a child. It allows us to see the beauty that surrounds us each moment in nature, in culture, in the flow of our daily lives.
(49) Although mental health is the cure - all for living our lives, it is perfectly ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions. It has been available even in the most mundane of life situations to show you right from wrong, good from bad, friend from foe. Mental health has commonly been called conscience, instinct, wisdom, common sense, or the inner voice. We think of it simply as a healthy and helpful flow of intelligent thought.
(50) As you will come to see, knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.
写作
Part A
51
Directions
Suppose you are a librarian in your university. Write a notice of about 100 words, providing the newly - enrolled international students with relevant information about the library.
You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the notice. Use “Li Ming” instead.
Do not write the address. (10 points)
Part B
52
Directions
Write an essay of 160 - 200 words based on the following pictures. In your essay, you should
describe the pictures briefly,
interpret the meaning, and
give your comments.
You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)
(左侧图:父亲坐着,一边玩手机、看电视,一边对儿子说“儿子,你给我好好学习!” 右侧图:父亲和儿子一样在书桌前学习,桌上有书籍 下方文字:与其只提要求,不如做个榜样 )
