2018 年真题
选择题答案速对
| No. | Ans | No. | Ans | No. | Ans | No. | Ans | No. | Ans |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | C | 2 | A | 3 | D | 4 | B | 5 | D |
| 6 | B | 7 | C | 8 | D | 9 | B | 10 | A |
| 11 | B | 12 | B | 13 | A | 14 | C | 15 | D |
| 16 | A | 17 | C | 18 | B | 19 | A | 20 | C |
| 21 | D | 22 | C | 23 | A | 24 | D | 25 | B |
| 26 | D | 27 | A | 28 | B | 29 | C | 30 | A |
| 31 | B | 32 | C | 33 | D | 34 | D | 35 | B |
| 36 | B | 37 | A | 38 | A | 39 | C | 40 | D |
完形填空
Directions
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Text
Trust is a tricky business. On the one hand, it’s a necessary condition many worthwhile things: chid care, friendships, etc. On the other hand, putting your in the wrong place often carries a high
, why do we trust at all Well, because it feels good. people place their trust in an individual or an institution, their brains release oxytocin,a hormon that pleasurable feelings and triggers the herding instruct that prompts humans to with one another.Scientists have found that exposure this hormone puts us in a trusting :ln a Swiss stuy, rearchers sprayed oxytocin into the noses of half the subjects those subjects were ready to lend significantly higher amounts of money to strangers than were their who inhaled something else.
for us, we also have a sixth sense for dishonesty that may us.A Canadian study found that chidren as young as 14 months can diffrentiate a credible person and a dishonest one.Sixty toddlers were each to an adult tester holding a plastic container. The tester would ask,“What’s in here?“before looking into the container,milin, and exclaiming,“Wow!” Each subject was then invited to look .Half of them found a toy; the other half the container was empty-and realized the tester had them.
Among the children who had not been tricked, the majority were to cooperate with the tester in learning a new skill, demonstrating that they trusted his leadership. only five of the 30 children paired with the” “ester particjpated ina floup actvity
1
解析：
本句结构为：Trust is a necessary condition ___ many worthwhile things.
- 空格前是 “a necessary condition”（一个必要条件），空格后是 “many worthwhile things”（许多值得做的事情）。
- 逻辑上，这里表示“对于许多值得做的事情来说，信任是必要条件”。
- 英语中 “condition for…” 是固定搭配，表示“是……的条件”。
- 因此选 C. for。
其他选项：
- A. on “在……上”，不符合搭配。
- B. like “像……”，语义不通。
- D. from “来自”，也不符合逻辑。
2
解析：
第 2 题位于第一段第二句：
On the other hand, putting your $\underline{\quad2\quad}$ in the wrong place often carries a high $\underline{\quad3\quad}$.
这里的关键短语是 putting your ____ in the wrong place，意思是“把你的 ____ 放错地方”。
结合前文提到的 trust（信任）主题，这里显然是指“信任错人”或“把信任放错地方”。
四个选项：
- A. faith（信任，信念）
- B. concern（关心，担忧）
- C. attention（注意力）
- D. interest（兴趣）
faith 与 trust 语义相近，且 “put one’s faith in sb/sth” 是常见搭配，意为“信任某人/某事”，符合语境。
其他选项虽然也能与 “putting your … in the wrong place” 搭配，但不符合本文关于“信任”的核心主题。
因此正确答案是 A. faith。
3
解析：
第 3 题所在句子为：
On the other hand, putting your trust in the wrong place often carries a high ______.
- 前半句说“信任是许多有价值事物的必要条件”，这是信任的好处。
- 这里用 “On the other hand” 转折，说明“把信任放错地方”会带来不好的结果。
- “carries a high ______” 常见搭配是 carries a high price（付出高昂代价），表示“错误信任的后果很严重”。
- A. benefit（好处）——逻辑相反，排除。
- B. debt（债务）——虽然也有代价的意思，但多指金钱债务，不如 price 贴切。
- C. hope（希望）——不符合语境。
- D. price（代价）——符合“错误信任带来高昂代价”的语义。
因此正确答案是 D. price。
4
解析：
上下文逻辑关系
前文提到信任的两面性：一方面是许多事情的必要条件，另一方面是信错人会带来高风险。
接着空格后问：“为什么我们仍然会信任别人？”
可见这里是一个从“提出问题”到“探讨原因”的过渡，需要一个表示“接着、那么”的顺承连接词，而不是因果（Therefore）、转折（Instead）或重复（Again）。选项分析
- A. Therefore 表示因果关系，但前文并未给出原因直接推出“为什么信任”这个问题。
- B. Then 可以表示时间或逻辑上的顺接，用于引出下一个问题或步骤，符合语境。
- C. Instead 表示转折“相反”，这里没有转折关系。
- D. Again 表示“再次”，不符合文意。
语感与搭配
“On the one hand… On the other hand… Then, why…” 是常见的论述结构，先指出矛盾，然后顺理成章地引出疑问。
因此正确答案是 B. Then。
5
解析：
句意理解
原文说：“因为信任让人感觉良好。______人们信任某个人或机构时，他们的大脑会释放催产素……”
这里描述的是一个时间或条件关系，即“当……时”会发生某种生理反应。选项分析
- A. Until “直到”，表示动作持续到某个时间点，不符合“信任发生时就释放催产素”的逻辑。
- B. Unless “除非”，表示条件排除，不符合语境。
- C. Although “虽然”，表示让步，但这里没有转折含义。
- D. When “当……时”，表示时间或条件，符合“在信任发生的时刻，大脑释放催产素”的逻辑。
上下文逻辑
前一句说“信任让人感觉好”，后一句解释这种感觉的生理机制——在信任的时候，大脑释放催产素。
因此，用 When 连接最自然。
答案：D
6
解析：
第 6 题所在句子为：
… a hormone that 6 pleasurable feelings and triggers the herding instinct …
1. 句意理解
这里说的是“催产素（oxytocin）这种激素会 ______ 愉悦感，并引发群聚本能”。
从生理机制上讲，激素会“引起、产生”某种感觉或反应。
2. 选项分析
- A. selects（选择）—— 激素不会“选择”感觉，不合逻辑。
- B. produces（产生）—— 符合生理机制，即激素让人产生愉悦感。
- C. applies（应用）—— 主语一般是人或有意识的主体，激素不能“应用”感觉。
- D. maintains（维持）—— 虽然激素可能维持某种状态，但这里强调的是触发信任行为时的作用，重点在“产生”而非“维持”。
3. 上下文支持
后文提到科学家发现接触这种激素会让人进入信任状态，进一步说明它会产生愉悦感，从而促进信任。
因此，B. produces 是最符合逻辑和语境的选择。
7
解析：
上下文逻辑
原文提到，当人们信任他人时，大脑会释放催产素（oxytocin），这种激素会引发“herding instinct”（群体本能）。
“herding instinct” 是一种促使人们与他人建立联系、聚集在一起的本能，而不是咨询、竞争或比较。词语搭配与含义
- A. consult（咨询） → 不符合“群体本能”的含义
- B. compete（竞争） → 与信任、合作的情感相反
- C. connect（联系，连接） → 与“herd”群体聚集、社交连接的含义一致
- D. compare（比较） → 不符合语境
科学常识
催产素在心理学中常被称为“拥抱激素”或“亲密激素”，它促进人与人之间的情感连接和信任，因此“connect”最贴合。
答案：C. connect
8
解析：
第 8 题空格所在的句子是：
Scientists have found that exposure ______ this hormone puts us in a trusting mood.
这里的关键是 exposure 的固定搭配。
exposure to something 是固定用法，表示“接触到某物”或“暴露于某物”。
因此这里应该填 to，即 exposure to this hormone（接触这种荷尔蒙）。
其他选项：
- A. at → 不搭配 exposure
- B. by → 表示被动或方式，不适用
- C. of → 虽然 exposure of 有时可用，但通常指“暴露…的内容”，而 exposure to 才表示“接触到外部事物”
- D. to ✅ 正确
答案：D
9
解析：
第 9 题空格所在句子为：
Scientists have found that exposure to this hormone puts us in a trusting ______.
选项分析：
- A. context（背景、环境）—— 虽然“context”可以表示某种环境，但“in a trusting context”不如“in a trusting mood”自然，后者更强调情绪状态。
- B. mood（情绪、心境）—— “in a trusting mood” 是常见搭配，表示“处于一种信任的情绪/心态中”，符合语境：催产素让人产生信任感。
- C. period（时期）—— “in a trusting period” 表示“在信任的时期”，但这里强调短暂的心理状态，不是时间段。
- D. circle（圈子）—— “in a trusting circle” 表示“在信任的圈子里”，但这里不是指社交圈子，而是个人心理状态。
结合上下文，前文提到催产素会带来愉悦感，并触发信任行为，因此这里是指“让我们进入一种信任的情绪状态”，所以 B. mood 是最佳答案。
正确答案：B
10
解析：
第 10 题所在的句子是：
… those subjects were ready to lend significantly higher amounts of money to strangers than were their _____ who inhaled something else.
这里描述的是一个实验，将受试者分成两组：
- 一组吸入 oxytocin（催产素）
- 另一组吸入 其他东西（安慰剂）
在实验研究中，将一组称为 实验组（experimental group），另一组称为 对照组（control group）。
对照组的作用是与实验组进行对比，因此对照组的人就是实验组的 counterparts（对应的人）。
选项分析：
- A. counterparts → 正确，表示“对应的人/对象”，在实验语境中指对照组。
- B. substitutes → “替代者”，不符合语境，这里不是替代关系。
- C. colleagues → “同事”，与实验无关。
- D. supporters → “支持者”，不相关。
因此，正确答案是 A. counterparts。
11
解析：
第 11 题空格所在的句子是：
______ for us, we also have a sixth sense for dishonesty that may ______ us.
四个选项是：
A. Funny（有趣的）
B. Lucky（幸运的）
C. Odd（奇怪的）
D. Ironic（讽刺的）
逻辑分析：
- 上文提到，我们的大脑会分泌催产素，让我们产生信任感，这有时会导致我们轻信他人。
- 空格后说 “we also have a sixth sense for dishonesty”（我们也有对不诚实的第六感），这种能力可以保护我们免受欺骗。
- 从语义上看，前面说容易信任可能带来风险，后面说但我们有识别欺骗的能力，这是一种 幸运的、好的 补充。
- 因此，这里应填入表示“幸运的是”含义的词，即 Lucky for us（我们很幸运）。
其他选项分析：
- Funny for us：逻辑不通，上下文没有幽默意味。
- Odd for us：表示“奇怪的是”，但这里不是强调奇怪，而是强调积极的一面。
- Ironic for us：表示“讽刺的是”，但上下文没有明显的讽刺对比，而是顺承的积极保护机制。
答案：B. Lucky ✅
12
我们先看第 12 题的上下文：
we also have a sixth sense for dishonesty that may ___ us.
这句话的前文说，信任会释放催产素，让人感觉良好并愿意合作。但这里用 “also” 表示我们还有另一种能力——对不诚实的第六感，这种能力可能会 ___我们。
逻辑上，这种对不诚实的直觉，应该是 保护 我们免受欺骗或伤害，而不是“监控”、“惊喜”或“取悦”我们。
所以 protect 最符合语义。
答案：B
13
解析：
第 13 题题干为：
A Canadian study found that children as young as 14 months can differentiate $\underline{\quad13\quad}$ a credible person and a dishonest one.
1. 固定搭配
“differentiate between A and B” 是固定搭配，意为“区分 A 与 B”。
例如：
- It’s hard to differentiate between the twins.
- The study differentiates between two types of motivation.
2. 其他选项分析
- B. within（在…之内）不能与“A and B”结构搭配，且语义不符。
- C. toward（朝向）不能与 differentiate 构成搭配。
- D. over（在…之上；关于）同样不用于 differentiate 后接两个比较对象的情况。
3. 语义判断
这里说的是“区分可信的人与不诚实的人”，所以用 differentiate between … and … 是标准用法。
因此正确答案是 A. between。
14
解析：
第14题的句子是：
Sixty toddlers were each ______ to an adult tester holding a plastic container.
选项分析：
- A. transferred 表示“转移”，通常用于地点、所有权、工作等的转移，不适用于“介绍某人认识某人”这种社交场景。
- B. added 表示“添加”，一般用于数量或列表的增加，不用于人与人之间的引见。
- C. introduced 表示“介绍”，符合语境：每个幼儿被介绍给一位拿着塑料容器的成人测试者。
- D. entrusted 表示“委托”，带有信任托付的意思，但这里只是实验开始时的初次接触，还没到“委托”的阶段。
上下文线索：
实验需要幼儿与测试者互动，第一步就是让他们互相认识，所以“introduced to”最自然。
因此正确答案是 C. introduced。
15
解析：
第 15 题空格处所在的句子是：
Each subject was then invited to look ______.
前文提到，实验者拿着一个塑料容器，问“里面是什么？”，然后自己先看进去，笑着说“哇！”。
接着，每个孩子被邀请去 look ______。
因为容器是封闭的，想知道里面有什么，必须 往容器里面看，所以应选 D. inside（look inside = 往里面看）。
- A. look out 意思是“小心、向外看”，不符合情境。
- B. look back 意思是“回头看”，不相关。
- C. look around 意思是“环顾四周”，也不符合“看容器内部”的动作。
因此正确答案是 D. inside。
16
解析：
本段描述了一个实验：测试者拿着一个塑料容器，对孩子说“Wow!”然后让孩子看容器里有什么。
- 前半部分孩子发现里面有玩具；
- 后半部分孩子发现容器是空的，并且意识到测试者骗了他们。
第 16 题所在句是：“the other half ______ the container was empty”，意思是“另一半______容器是空的”。
这里需要一个表示“发现”的动词，因为孩子们是亲自查看后才得知这一事实的。
- A. discovered（发现）——符合语境，表示通过观察得知。
- B. proved（证明）——语气太强，孩子并不是去证明，而是直接看到。
- C. insisted（坚持）——不合逻辑，不是坚持认为，而是发现事实。
- D. remembered（记得）——与上下文无关，这里不是回忆。
因此正确答案是 A. discovered。
17
解析：
第 17 题所在段落描述了一个实验：
实验者拿着一个塑料容器，对孩子说“Wow!”，然后让孩子看里面。
一半的孩子发现容器里有玩具，另一半发现容器是空的，于是意识到实验者 ______ 他们。
A. betrayed（背叛）
通常涉及信任关系中的背信弃义，情感色彩较重，多用于较深的信任关系（如朋友、伙伴），这里只是陌生人一次性的“欺骗”，程度过重。B. wronged（冤枉、委屈）
指不公正对待，但这里重点不是“冤枉”，而是“欺骗”。C. fooled（愚弄、欺骗）
符合语境：实验者假装里面有有趣的东西，实际上没有，这是一种“愚弄”或“欺骗”行为。D. mocked（嘲笑）
实验者并没有嘲笑孩子，只是假装兴奋来误导他们。
结合上下文，这些孩子发现容器是空的，明白实验者 骗了他们，所以选 C. fooled。
18
解析：
第 18 题所在句子是：
Among the children who had not been tricked, the majority were ______ to cooperate with the tester in learning a new skill, demonstrating that they trusted his leadership.
- 前文提到，这些孩子没有被骗（没有发现容器是空的），因此他们对测试者是信任的。
- 如果信任测试者，那么他们应该是 愿意（willing） 合作，而不是被迫（forced）、犹豫（hesitant）或有权（entitled）。
- 后文 “demonstrating that they trusted his leadership” 也说明他们的行为是出于自愿和信任。
因此，正确答案是 B. willing。
19
解析：
第 19 题的空格位于最后一段的对比逻辑处。
前文说：
- 没有被欺骗的孩子大多数愿意与测试者合作学习新技能 → 说明他们信任测试者。
- 空格后说：与“不诚实”测试者配对的 30 个孩子中只有 5 个参与活动。
这两者之间是对比关系：
- 一组信任 → 多数合作
- 另一组不信任 → 很少合作
因此，这里需要表示对比的衔接词。
选项分析：
- A. In contrast（相比之下）→ 符合对比逻辑 ✅
- B. As a result（因此）→ 表示因果，不符合 ❌
- C. In the whole（整体上）→ 无此固定短语，且意思不符 ❌
- D. For instance（例如）→ 表示举例，不符合 ❌
答案：A
20
好的，我们先来看一下第 20 题的上下文。
原文相关段落：
Among the children who had not been tricked, the majority were willing to cooperate with the tester in learning a new skill, demonstrating that they trusted his leadership.
Only five of the 30 children paired with the “____” tester participated in a follow-up activity.
逻辑分析：
前文提到，孩子被分成两组：
- 一组发现容器里有玩具（测试者可信）
- 一组发现容器是空的（测试者欺骗了他们）
在没被骗的孩子中，大多数愿意配合测试者学习新技能。
那么，与“____”测试者配对的孩子，只有 5 个愿意参与后续活动，说明这个测试者是前面欺骗了孩子的那位。
因此，这个空要填的词应表示“不可信的”“不靠谱的”。
选项分析：
- A. inflexible（不灵活的） → 与“可信与否”无关
- B. incapable（无能力的） → 强调能力不足，不是诚信问题
- C. unreliable（不可靠的） → 符合“欺骗孩子”带来的印象
- D. unsuitable（不合适的） → 太宽泛，不特指信任层面
结论：
因为测试者之前欺骗了孩子，所以他是 unreliable（不可靠的），孩子们不信任他。
答案：C
阅读理解
Part A
Directions
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, Cor Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)
Text 1
Among the annoying challenges facing the middle class is one that will probably go unmentioned in the next presidential campaign: What happens when the robots come for their jobs?
Don’t dismiss that possibility entirely. About half of U.S. jobs are at high risk of being automated, according to a University of Oxford study, with the middle class disproportionately squeezed. Lower-income jobs like gardening or day care don’t appeal to robots. But many middle-class occupations-trucking, financial advice, software engineering–have aroused their interest, or soon will. The rich own the robots, so they will be fine.
This isn’t to be alarmist. Optimists point out that technological upheaval has benefited workers in the past. The Industrial Revolution didn’t go so well for Luddites whose jobs were displaced by mechanized looms, but it eventually raised living standards and created more jobs than it destroyed. Likewise, automation should eventually boost productivity, stimulate demand by driving down prices, and free workers from hard, boring work. But in the medium term, middle-class workers may need a lot of help adjusting.
The first step, as Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee argue in The Second Machine Age, should be rethinking education and job training. Curriculums from grammar school to college should evolve to focus less on memorizing facts and more on creativity and complex communication. Vocational schools should do a better job of fostering problem-solving skills and helping students work alongside robots. Online education can supplement the traditional kind. It could make extra training and instruction affordable. Professionals trying to acquire new skills will be able to do so without going into debt.
The challenge of coping with automation underlines the need for the U.S. to revive its fading business dynamism: Starting new companies must be made easier. In previous eras of drastic technological change, entrepreneurs smoothed the transition by dreaming up ways to combine labor and machines. The best uses of 3D printers and virtual reality haven’t been invented yet. The U.S. needs the new companies that will invent them.
Finally, because automation threatens to widen the gap between capital income and labor income, taxes and the safety net will have to be rethought. Taxes on low-wage labor need to be cut, and wage subsidies such as the earned income tax credit should be expanded: This would boost incomes, encourage work, reward companies for job creation, and reduce inequality.
Technology will improve society in ways big and small over the next few years, yet this will be little comfort to those who find their lives and careers upended by automation. Destroying the machines that are coming for our jobs would be nuts. But policies to help workers adapt will be indispensable.
21
Who will be most threatened by automation?
解析：
文章定位
文章第一段提到：Among the annoying challenges facing the middle class is one that will probably go unmentioned in the next presidential campaign: What happens when the robots come for their jobs?
（中产阶级面临的烦人挑战之一是：如果机器人抢了他们的工作，会发生什么？）
这直接点明了 middle class 是受自动化威胁的主要群体。数据支持
第二段指出：About half of U.S. jobs are at high risk of being automated … with the middle class disproportionately squeezed.
（美国约一半的工作面临被自动化的高风险……中产阶级受到不成比例的挤压。）
进一步说明中产阶级受到的冲击最大。对比其他选项
- A. 主要政治家：文中未提及。
- B. 低收入劳动者：文中说低收入工作（如园艺、日托）对机器人吸引力不大。
- C. 机器人拥有者：文中说“富人拥有机器人，所以他们不会有问题”。
- D. 中产阶级工人：符合文章主旨。
因此正确答案是 D。
22
Which of the following best represent the author’s view?
解析：
题目要求找出最能代表作者观点的选项。我们需要结合全文内容进行分析：
文章主旨：
文章主要讨论自动化对中产阶级就业的冲击，并提出应对措施，包括教育改革、鼓励创业、调整税收与社保政策等。作者认为自动化虽然可能带来长期益处，但中短期会对中产阶级造成冲击，因此需要政策干预来帮助工人适应。选项分析：
- A. 对自动化的担忧实际上是没有根据的
❌ 错误。作者明确指出自动化对中产阶级就业构成威胁，并呼吁采取措施应对，说明担忧并非空穴来风。 - B. 乐观主义者对新技术的观点缺乏支持
❌ 错误。作者承认乐观主义者的部分观点（如技术最终提升生产力），但强调中短期问题需重视，并未完全否定乐观观点。 - C. 自动化引发的问题需要解决
✅ 正确。全文围绕自动化带来的挑战展开，并提出具体应对策略（教育、创业、税收等），与作者观点一致。 - D. 新技术的负面影响可以避免
❌ 错误。作者认为自动化的影响不可避免，但可通过政策缓解，而非完全避免。
- A. 对自动化的担忧实际上是没有根据的
关键依据：
- 文章结尾强调：“帮助工人适应的政策将是不可或缺的”（policies to help workers adapt will be indispensable），直接呼应选项C的核心思想。
结论：作者认为自动化带来的问题需要积极应对，选项C准确概括了这一立场。
23
Education in the age of automation should put more emphasis on
解析：
题目问的是“自动化时代的教育应更加强调什么”。
根据文章第四段：
Curriculums from grammar school to college should evolve to focus less on memorizing facts and more on creativity and complex communication.
这里明确提到教育应该减少对记忆事实的强调，而更多关注创造力。
选项分析：
- A. creative potential（创造潜力） → 与原文 “creativity” 对应，符合文意。
- B. job-hunting skills（求职技巧） → 未提及。
- C. individual needs（个人需求） → 未直接强调。
- D. cooperative spirit（合作精神） → 虽然 “complex communication” 可能涉及合作，但文章强调的是创造力和复杂沟通，合作精神只是可能的一部分，不是核心重点。
因此，正确选项是 A。
24
The author suggests that tax policies be aimed at
解析：
题目问的是作者建议税收政策的目标是什么。
文章倒数第二段明确提到：
Finally, because automation threatens to widen the gap between capital income and labor income, taxes and the safety net will have to be rethought. Taxes on low-wage labor need to be cut, and wage subsidies such as the earned income tax credit should be expanded: This would boost incomes, encourage work, reward companies for job creation, and reduce inequality.
这里的关键信息是：
- 自动化会扩大资本收入和劳动收入之间的差距（widen the gap between capital income and labor income）。
- 因此要重新考虑税收和安全网。
- 具体措施是削减低收入劳动的税收，扩大工资补贴，这能减少不平等（reduce inequality）。
由此可知，税收政策的目标是防止收入差距扩大，也就是 preventing the income gap from widening，对应选项 D。
其他选项分析：
- A 鼓励自动化发展：文中没有主张用税收政策鼓励自动化，而是帮助工人适应自动化带来的冲击。
- B 提高资本投资回报：文中未提，且作者关注的是劳动收入与资本收入差距，不是要提高资本回报。
- C 缓解贫富之间的敌意：文中没有直接提到“hostility”，而是关注收入差距和不平等问题，因此 D 更直接对应原文。
答案：D
25
In this text, the author presents a problem with
解析：
文章结构分析
文章首先提出“中产阶级面临被机器人取代工作的风险”这一问题，随后并未停留在问题本身，而是逐步展开应对这一问题的可能方法，包括：- 改革教育和职业培训
- 鼓励创业和商业活力
- 改革税收和社保政策
选项分析
- A. opposing views on it：虽然有提到乐观主义者与历史经验，但这不是文章重点，也没有系统对比不同观点。
- B. possible solutions to it：文章主体部分（第 4 段到第 6 段）都在讨论解决方案，符合文章结构。
- C. its alarming impacts：虽有提及影响，但重点不在渲染其严重性，而是如何应对。
- D. its major variations：未涉及问题的不同变体或类型。
结论
作者在提出问题后，重点放在了可能的解决途径上，因此正确选项是 B。
答案：B
Text 2
A new survey by Harvard University finds more than two-thirds of young Americans disapprove of President Trump’s use of Twitter, The implication is that Millennials prefer news from the White House to be filtered through other source, Not a president’s social media platform.
Most Americans rely on social media to check daily headlines. Yet as distrust has risen toward all media, people may be starting to beef up their media literacy skill. Such a trend is badly needed. During the 2016 presidential campaign, nearly a quarter of web content shared by Twitter users in the politically critical state of Michigan was fake news, according to the University of Oxford. And a survey conducted for BuzzFeed News found 44 percent of Facebook users rarely or never trust news from the media giant.
Young people who are digital natives are indeed becoming more skilful at separating fact from fiction in cyberspace. A Knight Foundation focus-group survey of young people between ages 14and24 found they use “distributed trust” to verify stories. They cross-check sources and prefer news from different perspectives-especially those that are open about any bias. “Many young people assume a great deal of personal responsibility for educating themselves and actively seeking out opposing viewpoints,” the survey concluded.
Such active research can have another effect. A 2014 survey conducted in Australia, Britain, and the United States by the University of Wisconsin- Madison found that young people’s reliance on social media led to greater political engagement.
Social media allows users to experience news events more intimately and immediately while also permitting them to re-share news as a projection of their values and interests. This forces users to be more conscious of their role in passing along information. A survey by Barna research group found the top reason given by Americans for the fake news phenomenon is “reader error,” more so than made-up stories or factual mistakes in reporting. About a third say the problem of fake news lies in “misinterpretation or exaggeration of actual news” via social media. In other words,the choice to share news on social media may be the heart of the issue. “This indicates there is a real personal responsibility in counteracting this problem,“says Roxanne Stone, editor in chief at Barna Group.
So when young people are critical of an over-tweeting president, they reveal a mental discipline in thinking skill -and in their choices on when to share on social media.
26
According to the Paragraphs 1 and 2, many young Americans cast doubts on
解析：
题目要求根据第 1 段和第 2 段判断“许多美国年轻人怀疑什么”。
第 1 段
- 哈佛大学调查：超过三分之二的美国年轻人不认可特朗普使用推特。
- 暗示：千禧一代希望白宫新闻经过其他渠道过滤，而不是直接从总统的社交媒体平台获取。
- 这说明年轻人不信任总统直接通过社交媒体发布的新闻。
第 2 段
- 大多数美国人依赖社交媒体看每日新闻标题。
- 但人们对所有媒体的不信任上升，开始增强媒介素养。
- 举例：牛津大学研究显示 2016 年大选期间密歇根州推特用户分享的近 1/4 内容是假新闻；BuzzFeed 调查发现 44% 的 Facebook 用户很少或从不信任该平台新闻。
综合
第 1 段说明年轻人怀疑总统社交媒体作为新闻来源的可信度；
第 2 段进一步说明社交媒体整体上作为新闻来源不可靠，年轻人对此有普遍怀疑。
选项分析：
- A 新闻过滤行为的合理性 → 文中没说他们怀疑过滤行为，反而希望有过滤。
- B 人们对社交媒体平台的偏好 → 不是怀疑偏好，而是怀疑可靠性。
- C 政府处理信息的能力 → 第 1 段提到白宫新闻应过滤，但未直接说怀疑政府处理信息的能力。
- D 社交媒体是可靠的新闻来源 → 与第 1 段和第 2 段内容一致，年轻人怀疑社交媒体的可靠性。
正确答案：D
27
The phrase “beer up”(Line 2, Para.2) is closest in meaning to
解析：
定位原文
原文第二段第二句：
“Yet as distrust has risen toward all media, people may be starting to beef up their media literacy skills.”上下文逻辑
前文提到“大多数美国人依赖社交媒体看新闻”，但“对所有媒体的不信任感上升”，因此人们可能需要 加强 媒体素养技能。
后文进一步说明“这一趋势非常必要”，并用假新闻数据佐证，说明人们需要提升辨别能力。短语含义推测
“beef up” 在英语中是固定短语，意为 加强、增强（to make something stronger or more effective）。
在上下文中，指人们提升媒体素养技能以应对虚假新闻。选项比对
- A. sharpen（提高，使敏锐）—— 与“加强媒体素养技能”意思一致。
- B. define（定义）—— 不符合语境。
- C. boast（吹嘘）—— 词义不符。
- D. share（分享）—— 与文意无关。
结论
根据上下文和短语本意，“beef up” 最接近 sharpen（提升、加强）。
答案：A
28
According to the knight foundation survey, young people
解析：
题干问“根据 Knight Foundation 的调查，年轻人______”。
文章第三段明确提到：
A Knight Foundation focus-group survey of young people between ages 14 and 24 found they use “distributed trust” to verify stories. They cross-check sources and prefer news from different perspectives—especially those that are open about any bias.
- A 在网络上表达观点 —— 文中未强调他们主动发表意见，而是强调他们如何验证新闻。
- B 通过参考不同来源验证新闻 —— 与原文 “cross-check sources and prefer news from different perspectives” 对应，正确。
- C 有强烈的责任感 —— 虽然本段最后一句提到年轻人承担个人责任去自我教育，但这是调查的结论之一，不是 Knight Foundation 调查的核心发现，核心发现是“distributed trust”和“cross-check sources”。
- D 喜欢在“分布式信任”上交换观点 —— 文中“distributed trust”是他们用来核实新闻的方法，而不是交换观点的平台，属于曲解。
因此正确答案是 B。
29
The Barna survey found that a main cause for the fake news problem is
解析：
根据题干关键词 Barna survey 和 main cause for the fake news problem 定位到原文第五段：
A survey by Barna research group found the top reason given by Americans for the fake news phenomenon is “reader error,” more so than made-up stories or factual mistakes in reporting. About a third say the problem of fake news lies in “misinterpretation or exaggeration of actual news” via social media.
关键信息：
- 最主要的原因是 “reader error”（读者失误）
- 具体解释为 “misinterpretation or exaggeration of actual news”（对真实新闻的误解或夸大）
选项分析：
- A. readers outdated values：文中未提及“过时的价值观”
- B. journalists’ biased reporting：文中提到的是读者误解，而非记者偏见报道
- C. readers’ misinterpretation：与原文“misinterpretation”一致，属于“reader error”的具体表现
- D. journalists’ made-up stories：原文明确说“more so than made-up stories”，即不是主要原因
因此，C 选项 正确对应了巴纳调查中关于假新闻问题主要原因的结论。
30
Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
解析：
本文的核心脉络是：
- 指出美国年轻人不认可特朗普过度使用推特发新闻的现象 → 反映他们希望新闻经过其他渠道过滤，而非直接来自总统的社交媒体。
- 指出虽然人们依赖社交媒体看新闻，但对媒体的不信任促使人们（尤其是年轻人）提升媒体素养，例如交叉核查来源、主动寻求不同观点。
- 强调年轻人在社交媒体上分享新闻时更谨慎，意识到个人责任，这种思维训练和批判能力是抵制假新闻的关键。
选项分析：
A. A Rise in Critical Skills for Sharing News Online（在线分享新闻的批判技能提升）
这与文章主旨高度一致：文章重点不是单纯反对特朗普发推特，而是通过这个现象引出年轻人对新闻来源的批判性思维、验证信息的能力、分享新闻时的责任意识，这些都属于“批判技能”的提升。B. A Counteraction Against the Over-tweeting Trend（反对过度发推趋势的反制行动）
这只是文章引子，不是全文核心，文章重点在于年轻人由此展现的媒体素养和批判能力，而非仅仅反对特朗普发推。C. The Accumulation of Mutual Trust on Social Media（社交媒体上互信的积累）
文章讲的是“distributed trust”（分布式信任）指通过多方验证建立信任，而不是积累互信；且文章更多强调不信任媒体背景下的个人验证，而非信任积累。D. The Platforms for Projection of Personal Interests（投射个人兴趣的平台）
虽然文中提到社交媒体允许人们通过分享新闻投射价值观，但这只是一个细节，不是全文中心。
因此，A 最全面准确地概括了文章主题。
Text 3
Any fair-minded assessment of the dangers of the deal between Britain’s National Health Service (NHS) and DeepMind must start by acknowledging that both sides mean well. DeepMind is one of the leading artificial intelligence (AI) companies in the world. The potential of this work applied to healthcare is very great, but it could also lead to further concentration of power in the tech giants. It Is against that background that the information commissioner, Elizabeth Denham, has issued her damning verdict against the Royal Free hospital trust under the NHS, which handed over to DeepMind the records of 1.6 million patients In 2015 on the basis of a vague agreement which took far too little account of the patients’ rights and their expectations of privacy.
DeepMind has almost apologized. The NHS trust has mended its ways. Further arrangements-and there may be many-between the NHS and DeepMind will be carefully scrutinised to ensure that all necessary permissions have been asked of patients and all unnecessary data has been cleaned. There are lessons about informed patient consent to learn. But privacy is not the only angle in this case and not even the most important. Ms Denham chose to concentrate the blame on the NHS trust,since under existing law it “controlled” the data and DeepMind merely “processed” it, But this distinction misses the point that it is processing and aggregation, not the mere possession of bits, that gives the data value.
The great question is who should benefit from the analysis of all the data that our lives now generate. Privacy law builds on the concept of damage to an individual from identifiable knowledge about them. That misses the way the surveillance economy works.The data of an individual there gains its value only when it is compared with the data of countless millions more.
The use of privacy law to curb the tech giants in this instance feels slightly maladapted. This practice does not address the real worry, t is not enough to say that the algorithms DeepMind develops will benefit patients and save lives. What matters is that they will belong to a private monopoly which developed them using public resources. If software promises to save lives on the scale that drugs now can, big data may be expected to behave as a big pharm has done. We are still at the beginning of this revolution and small choices now may turn out to have gigantic consequences later. A long struggle will be needed to avoid a future of digital feudalism. Ms Denham’s report is a welcome start.
31
What is true of the agreement between the NHS and DeepMind ?
解析：
根据文章第一段末尾的表述：
… which handed over to DeepMind the records of 1.6 million patients In 2015 on the basis of a vague agreement which took far too little account of the patients’ rights and their expectations of privacy.
这句话明确指出，这份协议“几乎没有充分考虑患者的权利和隐私期望”，即 failed to pay due attention to patient’s rights，与选项 B 完全对应。
其他选项分析：
- A：文中未提及协议在科技巨头之间引发冲突。
- C：文中未提及“未达到法律预期”，而是强调协议本身对患者权利考虑不足。
- D：文中未说协议让双方陷入危险，而是说这种合作可能带来权力集中等潜在风险，不是描述双方已处于危险中。
正确答案：B
32
The NHS trust responded to Denham’s verdict with
解析：
题目问的是“NHS信托基金对Denham裁决的回应方式”。根据原文第二段：
The NHS trust has mended its ways.
“mended its ways”意为“改正错误、改进做法”，即进行了必要的调整。
此外，后文提到：
Further arrangements… will be carefully scrutinised to ensure that all necessary permissions have been asked of patients and all unnecessary data has been cleaned.
这也表明 NHS 信托基金在程序和数据管理上做出了改进。
选项分析：
- A. empty promises（空洞的承诺）：文中没有体现“空洞”或“只说不做”。
- B. tough resistance（强烈抵制）：文中没有提到抵制，而是配合改进。
- C. necessary adjustments（必要的调整）：与“mended its ways”及后续审查措施对应。
- D. sincere apologies（真诚的道歉）：原文说“DeepMind has almost apologized”，是 DeepMind 近乎道歉，不是 NHS 信托基金。
因此，正确选项是 C。
33
The author argues in Paragraph 2 that
解析：
第 33 题要求根据第二段内容判断作者的观点。
第二段中，作者提到：
- DeepMind 和 NHS 信托基金已做出改进。
- 隐私不是唯一甚至不是最重要的角度。
- 信息专员将责任主要归咎于 NHS 信托基金，因为法律上它“控制”数据，而 DeepMind 只是“处理”数据。
- 但作者认为 这种区分没有抓住重点，并明确指出：
“it is processing and aggregation, not the mere possession of bits, that gives the data value.”
（是数据的处理和整合，而非仅仅拥有数据，才赋予数据价值。）
这句话直接对应选项 D. the value of data comes from the processing of it（数据的价值来自于对它的处理）。
其他选项：
- A：文中并未说要不惜一切代价保护隐私，反而说隐私不是最重要的角度。
- B：文中没有比较泄露与出售患者数据的严重性。
- C：文中没有直接说利用患者数据盈利是非法的。
因此正确答案是 D。
34
According to the last paragraph, the real worry arising from this deal is
解析：
最后一段的核心观点是：
- 用隐私法来限制科技巨头在此事上不太合适，因为它没有解决真正的担忧。
- 真正的担忧不在于算法是否对患者有益，而在于这些算法是用公共资源开发的，却最终归私人垄断企业所有。
- 作者将这种情况类比为大型制药公司（big pharm）的行为模式，暗示大数据可能像药品一样被少数公司垄断。
- 最后提到要避免“数字封建主义”（digital feudalism），即数据权力过度集中在少数科技巨头手中。
选项分析：
- A 大型制药公司之间的恶性竞争 → 文中只是类比，并非真正讨论制药业竞争，错误。
- B 隐私法执行不力 → 文中说隐私法在此事上不太适用，但这不是真正的担忧，错误。
- C 新软件的失控使用 → 未在末段强调，文中焦点是所有权和垄断，错误。
- D 科技巨头对大数据的垄断 → 与原文“private monopoly which developed them using public resources”对应，正确。
答案：D
35
The author’s attitude toward the application of AI to healthcare is
解析：
文章基调分析
作者在开头指出双方“初衷皆善”，并承认 AI 在医疗领域的潜力巨大，但紧接着使用“but”引出担忧：可能导致科技巨头权力集中。这表明作者并非全然否定，而是看到了机遇与风险并存。对具体案例的评判
作者指出 NHS 与 DeepMind 的首次合作存在法律与伦理缺陷，并强调隐私不是唯一问题，更重要的是数据价值归属与私人垄断风险。这体现作者对 AI 应用中的权力分配、公共利益与私人利益冲突有深刻警惕。对未来的警示
作者在文末强调“这场革命刚刚启幕”，现在的“细微抉择或引发未来巨变”，并呼吁“长期斗争”以避免“数字封建主义”。这种表述显示出作者对 AI 在医疗领域的发展持审慎态度，既认识到其潜力，又强调必须规范与约束。选项排除
- A（ambiguous）模糊不清：作者观点明确，即 AI 有潜力但需警惕风险，并不模糊。
- C（appreciative）赞赏的：作者虽承认潜力，但更多篇幅在讨论风险与监管，不是单纯欣赏。
- D（contemptuous）轻蔑的：作者并未蔑视 AI 技术，而是理性分析其社会与法律影响。
- B（cautious）谨慎的：最符合全文态度——既看到价值，又强调必须谨慎应对潜在问题。
答案：B
Text 4
The U.S. Postal Service (USPS) continues to bleed red ink. It reported a net loss of $5.6 billion for fiscal 2016, the 10th straight year its expenses have exceeded revenue. Meanwhile, it has more than $120 billion in unfunded liabilities, mostly for employee health and retirement costs. There are many bankruptcies. Fundamentally, the USPS is in a historic squeeze between technological change that has permanently decreased demand for its bread-and-butter product, first-class mail, and a regulatory structure that denies management the flexibility to adjust its operations to the new reality
And interest groups ranging from postal unions to greeting-card makers exert self-interested pressure on the USPS’s ultimate overseer-Congress-insisting that whatever else happens to the Postal Service, aspects of the status quo they depend on get protected. This is why repeated attempts at reform legislation have failed in recent years, leaving the Postal Service unable to pay its bills except by deferring vital modernization.
Now comes word that everyone involved—Democrats, Republicans, the Postal Service,the unions and the system’s heaviest users-has finally agreed on a plan to fix the system. Legislation is moving through the House that would save USPS an estimated $28.6 billion over five years, which could help pay for new vehicles, among other survival measures. Most of the money would come from a penny-per-letter permanent rate increase and from shifting postal retirees into Medicare. The latter step would largely offset the financial burden of annually pre-funding retiree health care, thus addressing a long-standing complaint by the USPS and its union.
If it clears the House, this measure would still have to get through the Senate - where someone is bound to point out that it amounts to the bare, bare minimum necessary to keep the Postal Service afloat, not comprehensive reform. There’s no change to collective bargaining at the USPS,a major omission considering that personnel accounts for 80 percent of the agency’s costs. Also missing is any discussion of eliminating Saturday letter delivery. That common-sense change enjoys wide public support and would save the USPS $2 billion per year. But postal special-interest groups seem to have killed it, at least in the House. The emerging consensus around the bill is a sign that legislators are getting frightened about a politically embarrassing short-term collapse at the USPS. It is not,however, a sign that they’re getting serious about transforming the postal system for the 21st century.
36
The financial problem with the USPS is caused partly by
解析：
题目问的是“美国邮政管理局（USPS）的财务问题部分是由什么引起的”。
文章第一段最后一句提到：
Fundamentally, the USPS is in a historic squeeze between technological change that has permanently decreased demand for its bread-and-butter product, first-class mail, and a regulatory structure that denies management the flexibility to adjust its operations to the new reality.
这句话说明，USPS 面临两大压力：
- 技术变革导致一类邮件需求下降；
- 监管结构不允许管理层灵活调整运营。
这里的“监管结构”限制了管理层的灵活性，即管理上是僵化的，对应选项 B. its rigid management（其僵化的管理）。
其他选项分析：
- A. 预算不平衡是财务问题的表现，不是原因。
- C. 技术升级成本在文中未提及。
- D. 银行支持撤销未提及。
因此正确答案是 B。
37
According to Paragraph 2, the USPS fails to modernize itself due to
解析：
题目问的是“根据第 2 段，USPS 未能实现现代化的原因”。
第 2 段原文关键句：
And interest groups ranging from postal unions to greeting-card makers exert self-interested pressure on the USPS’s ultimate overseer—Congress—insisting that whatever else happens to the Postal Service, aspects of the status quo they depend on get protected. This is why repeated attempts at reform legislation have failed in recent years, leaving the Postal Service unable to pay its bills except by deferring vital modernization.
这段话的意思是：
- 利益集团（邮政工会、贺卡制造商等）向国会施压，要求保护他们依赖的现状。
- 这导致改革法案屡次失败，结果 USPS 只能推迟关键的现代化。
因此，USPS 未能现代化的直接原因是 利益集团的干预。
选项分析：
- A. the interference from interest groups（利益集团的干预） → 与原文一致。
- B. 国会资金不足 → 文中并未说国会拨款不足，而是说改革因利益集团阻挠而失败。
- C. 邮政服务需求下降 → 这是第 1 段提到的背景，但不是第 2 段中现代化失败的直接原因。
- D. 邮政工会的无能 → 文中未提工会“无能”，而是说他们为自身利益阻挠改革。
正确答案：A
38
The long-standing complaint by the USPS and its unions can be addressed by
解析：
题干问“USPS及其工会长期以来的抱怨可以通过什么方式解决”。
文章第三段提到：
The latter step would largely offset the financial burden of annually pre-funding retiree health care, thus addressing a long-standing complaint by the USPS and its union.
这里的 The latter step 指的是前一句中的 shifting postal retirees into Medicare（将邮政退休人员转入联邦医疗保险）。
这一措施的作用是 抵消每年为退休人员医疗保健预付资金的财政负担，从而解决 USPS 和工会的长期抱怨。
因此，这个长期抱怨的核心是 retiree health care 的财务负担，而解决方案就是 移除或减轻这一负担。
选项分析：
- A. removing its burden of retiree health care → 与原文“offset the financial burden of retiree health care”对应，正确。
- B. making more investment in new vehicles → 文中提到节省的钱可用于购买新车，但这不是解决长期抱怨的直接措施。
- C. adopting a new rate-increase mechanism → 资费上涨是筹款方式之一，但不是直接针对退休人员医疗负担的措施。
- D. attracting more first-class mail users → 文中未提及，且一类邮件需求下降是结构性问题，与长期抱怨无直接关系。
答案：A
39
In the last paragraph, the author seems to view legislators with
解析：
最后一段中，作者对立法者的态度体现在以下几点：
- 指出法案只是最低限度：作者提到这项法案只是“bare, bare minimum necessary to keep the Postal Service afloat, not comprehensive reform”，暗示立法者没有真正解决问题。
- 指出重大疏漏：作者指出法案没有改变集体谈判制度（人力成本占 80%），也没有讨论取消周六送信（每年可节省 20 亿美元），说明立法者回避了关键改革。
- 批评受利益集团影响：作者提到“postal special-interest groups seem to have killed it”，暗示立法者屈服于利益集团而非推动合理改革。
- 总结立法动机：作者认为立法者只是担心“politically embarrassing short-term collapse”，而不是认真为 21 世纪改革邮政系统。
这些措辞表现出作者对立法者的不满，因为他们只做表面功夫，没有进行实质性改革。
正确答案：C. discontent
40
Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
解析：
1. 文章主旨分析
文章主要讨论美国邮政管理局（USPS）面临的长期财务困境和结构性问题，以及最新提出的改革方案。作者指出，虽然各方达成了一项计划，但这只是最低限度的修补，并未触及根本问题（如人力成本、周六投递等），因此 USPS 需要的不仅仅是临时性的补救措施。
2. 选项分析
A. The USPS Starts to Miss its Good Old Days
文章并未表达 USPS 怀念过去，而是强调它必须适应新现实，因此不符合主旨。B. The Postal Service: Keep Away from My Cheese
该选项借用《谁动了我的奶酪》的隐喻，暗示有人想保护自己的利益，虽然文中确实提到利益集团阻挠改革，但这只是部分内容，不能全面概括文章中心。C. The USPS: Chronic Illness Requires a Quick Cure
文章确实指出 USPS 存在长期问题（chronic illness），但作者强调最新方案只是“最低限度的维持”，并非“快速治愈”，因此该选项与作者观点不符。D. The Postal Service Needs More than a Band-Aid
“Band-Aid”意为“创可贴”，比喻临时性、表面化的解决方案。文章最后一段明确指出，当前法案只是“bare minimum necessary to keep the Postal Service afloat, not comprehensive reform”，并批评其未解决根本问题，因此“需要的不只是创可贴”准确概括了文章核心观点。
3. 答案确认
文章结尾强调，目前的改革只是为了避免短期崩溃，并非真正面向 21 世纪的根本转型，因此 D 选项最贴合文章主旨和作者态度。
正确答案：D
Part B
Directions
The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order.For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G and illing them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs C and F have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)
41-45
[A] In December of 1869, Congress appointed a commission to select a site and prepare plans and cost estimates for a new State Department Building.The commission was also to consider possible arrangements for the War and Navy Departments. To the horror of some who expected a Greek Revival twin of the Treasury Building to be erected on the other side of the White House, the elaborate French Second Empire style design by Alfred Mullett was selected, and construction of a building to house all three departments began in June of 1871.
[B] Completed in 1875, the State Department’s south wing was the first to be occupied, with its elegant four-story libry(completed in 1876), Diplomatic Reception Room, and Secretary’s office decorated with carved wood, Oriental rugs, and stenciled wall patterns.The Navy Department moved into the east wing in 1879, where elaborate wall and ceiling stenciling and marquetry floors decorated the ffice of the Secretary.
[C] The State, War, and Navy Building, as it was originaly ow, housed the three Executive Branch Departments most intimately assocated with formulating and conducting the nation’s foreign policy in the last quarter of the nineteenth century and the first quarter of the twentieth century-the period when the United States emerged as an international power.The building has housed some of the nation’s most significant diplomats and politicians and has been the scene of many historic events.
[D] Many of the most celebrated national figures have participated in historical events that have taken place within the EEOB’s granite walls.,Theodore and Franklin D. Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, Dwight D. isenhower, Lyndon B. Johnson,Gerald Ford, and George H.W. Bush all had offices in this building before becoming president. it has housed 16 Secretaries of the Navy, 21 Secretaries of War, and 24 Secretaries of State. Winston Churchill once walked its corridors and Japanese emissaries met here with Secretary of State Cordell Hull after the bombing of Pearl Harbor.
[E] The Eisenhower Executive Office Building (EEOB) commands a unique position in both the national history and the architectural heritage of the nited States.Designed by Supervising Architect of the Treasury Alfred B. Mullet, it was built from 1871 to 1888 to house the growing staffs of the State, War, and Navy Departments, and is considered one of the best examples of French Second Empire architecture in the country.
[F] Construction took 17 years as the building slowly rose wing by wing. When the EEOB was finished, it was the largest office building in Washington, with nearly 2 miles of black and white tiled corridors. Almost all f the interior detail is of at ro o pstert the s of wod was minimized to insure fire safety, ight monumental curving staircases of granite with over ,0indiduall catbronre baluters are capped by four skylight domes and two stained glass rotundas.
[G] The history of the EEOB began long before its foundations were laid. The first ecutive offics wre constructed between 1799 and 1820.A series of fires (including those set by the British in 1814)and overcrowded cnditions led to the construction of the existing Treasury Building.In 186,the construcin of the North Wing of the Treasury Building necessitated the demolition of the State Department building.
41 ________ → C → 42 ________ → 43 ________ → F → 44 ________ → 45 ________
Part C
Directions
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
46-50
Shakespeare’s lifetime was coincident with a period of extraordinary activity and achievement in the drama. (46) By the date of his birth Europe was witnessing the passing of the religious drama, and the creation of new forms under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy. These new forms were at first mainly written by scholars and performed by amateurs, but in England, as everywhere else in western Europe, the growth of a class of professional actors was threatening to make the drama popular, whether it should be new or old, classical or medieval, literary or farcical. Court, school, organizations of amateurs, and the traveling actors were all rivals in supplying a widespread desire for dramatic entertainment; and (47) no boy who went to a grammar school could be ignorant that the drama was a form of literature which gave glory to Greece and Rome and might yet bring honor to England.
When Shakespeare was twelve years old the first public playhouse was built in London. For a time literature showed no interest in this public stage. Plays aiming at literary distinction were written for schools or court, or for the choir boys of St.Paul’s and the royal chapel, who, however, gave plays in public as well as at court. (48) But the professional companies prospered in their permanent theaters, and university men with literary ambitions were quick to turn to these theaters as offering a means of livelihood. By the time that Shakespeare was twenty - five, Lyly, Peele, and Greene had made comedies that were at once popular and literary; Kyd had written a tragedy that crowded the pit; and Marlowe had brought poetry and genius to triumph on the common stage – where they had played no part since the death of Euripides. (49) A native literary drama had been created, its alliance with the public playhouses established, and at least some of its great traditions had been begun.
The development of the Elizabethan drama for the next twenty - five years is of exceptional interest to students of literary history, for in this brief period we may trace the beginning, growth, blossoming, and decay of many kinds of plays, and of many great careers. We are amazed today at the mere number of plays produced, as well as by the number of dramatists writing at the same time for this London of two hundred thousand inhabitants. (50) To realize how great was the dramatic activity, we must remember further that hosts of plays have been lost, and that probably there is no author of note whose entire work has survived.
写作
Part A
51
Directions
Write an email to all international experts on campus inviting them to attend the graduation ceremony. In your email you should include time, place and other relevant information about the ceremony.
You should write about 100 words neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not use your own name at the end of the email. Use “Li Ming” instead. (10 points)
Part B
52
Directions
Write an essay of 160 - 200 words based on the picture below. In your essay, you should
describe the picture briefly,
interpret the meaning, and
give your comments.
You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)
（下方为图片，图下文字：选课进行时图中内容：一个人在操作“选课系统”电脑，电脑左侧气泡“知识新 重创新 有难度……” ，人物右侧气泡“给分高 易通过 作业少……” ）
