2023 年真题
选择题答案速对
| No. | Ans | No. | Ans | No. | Ans | No. | Ans | No. | Ans |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | C | 2 | A | 3 | D | 4 | C | 5 | C |
| 6 | A | 7 | B | 8 | B | 9 | A | 10 | D |
| 11 | D | 12 | C | 13 | C | 14 | B | 15 | A |
| 16 | B | 17 | D | 18 | A | 19 | D | 20 | A |
| 21 | C | 22 | B | 23 | A | 24 | C | 25 | D |
| 26 | A | 27 | D | 28 | B | 29 | C | 30 | D |
| 31 | A | 32 | C | 33 | B | 34 | A | 35 | D |
| 36 | B | 37 | C | 38 | A | 39 | B | 40 | D |
完形填空
Directions
Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)
Text
Caravanserais were roadside inns that were built along the Silk Road in areas including China, North Africa and the Middle East. They were typically outside the walls of a city or village and were usually funded by governments or . This word " Caravanserais" is a of the Persian word " karv:an" , which means a group of ltravellers or a caravan , and " seray " , a palace or enclosed building. The term caravan was used to groups of people who travelled together across the ancient network for safety reasons , merchants, travellers or pillgrims. From the 10th century onwards, as merchant and travel routes became more developed,the of the caravanserais increased and they served as a more developed, the of the caravanserais increased and they served as a safe place for people to :rest at night. Travellers on the Silk Road possibility of being attacked by thieves or being to extreme weather conditions. For this reason, caravanserais were strategically placed they could be reached in a day’s travel time. Caravanserais served as an informal point for the various people who travelled the Silk Road. , these structures became important centers for cultural and interaction, with travellers sharing their cultures, ideas and beliefs, taking knowledge with them, greatly the development of several civilisations. Caravanserais were also an important marketplace for commodities and in the trade of goods along the Silk Road. , it was frequently the first stop for merchants looking to sell their wares and supplies for their own journeys. It is that around 12,000 to 15,000 caravanserais were built along the Silk Road, only about 3 , 000 are known to remain today , many of which are in .
1
解析：
第1题空格所在句为：
They were typically ______ outside the walls of a city or village…
四个选项的意思分别是：
- A. displayed 展示
- B. occupied 占据
- C. located 位于
- D. equipped 装备
根据句意，这里说的是商队旅馆（caravanserais）通常位于城市或村庄的城墙之外，强调的是位置，所以 C. located 最合适。
因此正确答案是 C。
2
解析：
第 2 题题干：
They were typically … outside the walls of a city or village and were usually funded by governments or ______.
四个选项：
A. privately
B. regularly
C. respectively
D. permanently
解题思路：
- 句子意思是：商队旅馆通常由政府 或 ______ 资助。
- 这里“or”表示并列，前面是 governments（政府），后面应该是与“政府”相对的资助来源。
- 与“政府资助”相对的就是“私人资助”，privately 意为“私人地”，即由私人资金兴建。
- 其他选项含义：
- regularly（定期地） → 不表示资金来源
- respectively（分别地） → 不符合语义
- permanently（永久地） → 不表示资金来源
因此，A. privately 是正确答案，表示“政府或私人资助”。
3
解析：
第 3 题题干为：
This word “Caravanserais” is ______ a of the Persian word “karv:an” , which means a group of travellers or a caravan , and “seray” , a palace or enclosed building.
这里说 Caravanserais 这个词是由波斯语 karv:an（商队）和 seray（宫殿/封闭建筑）两个部分组成的。
四个选项：
- A. definition（定义）
- B. transition（过渡）
- C. substitution（替代）
- D. combination（组合）
显然，两个词合在一起构成一个新词，这是“组合”关系，因此选 D. combination。
4
解析：
第 4 题原文是：
The term caravan was used to $\underline{\quad4\quad}$ groups of people who travelled together across the ancient network for safety reasons , $\underline{\quad5\quad}$ merchants, travellers or pilgrims.
选项：
A. classify（分类）
B. record（记录）
C. describe（描述）
D. connect（连接）
逻辑分析：
- 这里说“caravan”这个词被用来 …… 一群人（商人、旅行者、朝圣者等）。
- 从语义上看，“caravan”并不是对人群进行分类，而是指代或称呼这样一群人。
- “describe” 有“描述、形容、指称”的意思，即用这个词来描述这些结伴而行的人。
- 其他选项：
- classify 强调分类，但这里不是分类，而是指这个术语的含义。
- record（记录）不符合，因为“caravan”不是用来记录他们，而是用来称呼他们。
- connect（连接）语义不通。
因此，C. describe 最符合语境，意为“caravan 这个词用来描述一群为了安全结伴旅行的人”。
答案：C
5
解析：
第 5 题题干为：
The term caravan was used to ___ groups of people who travelled together across the ancient network for safety reasons, ___ merchants, travellers or pilgrims.
空格前面的意思是“商队这个词被用来指代在古代路线上一起旅行的一群人”，后面是“商人、旅行者或朝圣者”。
显然，“merchants, travellers or pilgrims” 是前面 “groups of people” 的具体举例，所以这里应该填入表示“例如”的词组。
选项分析：
- A. apart from（除了……之外）—— 表示排除或额外补充，不符合举例关系。
- B. instead of（而不是）—— 表示替代关系，不符合句意。
- C. such as（例如）—— 用于引出例子，符合句意。
- D. along with（和……一起）—— 表示伴随，不强调举例。
因此，正确答案是 C. such as。
6
解析：
第 6 题空格所在的句子是：
From the 10th century onwards, as merchant and travel routes became more developed, the ______ of the caravanserais increased and they served as a safe place for people to rest at night.
逻辑分析：
- 随着商路和旅行路线的发展，商队旅馆的 数量或建设 会增加。
- 选项分析：
- A. construction（建设）→ 符合语境，表示“修建的数量增加”。
- B. restoration（修复）→ 与“路线发展”无直接因果关系，且当时应是新建为主。
- C. impression（印象）→ 与上下文逻辑不符。
- D. evaluation（评估）→ 与“增加”不搭配，也不符合历史发展事实。
因此，正确答案是 A. construction。
7
解析：
第 7 题原文为：
Travellers on the Silk Road ______ possibility of being attacked by thieves or being ______ to extreme weather conditions.
第一个空需要填入一个动词，说明旅行者与“可能性”之间的关系。
- A. doubted（怀疑）——逻辑上，他们不是怀疑这种可能性，而是确实面临这种风险。
- B. faced（面对）——符合语境，旅行者“面对”被抢劫或遭遇恶劣天气的可能性。
- C. accepted（接受）——语气不对，他们并非自愿接受，而是不得不面对。
- D. reduced（减少）——主语应该是措施或场所，而不是旅行者本人减少这种可能性。
因此，B. faced 是唯一符合逻辑的选项，表示“面临……的可能性”。
答案：B
8
解析：
第 8 题题干为：
Travellers on the Silk Road ______ possibility of being attacked by thieves or being ______ to extreme weather conditions.
前半部分说“遭到盗贼袭击的可能性”，后半部分用“or”连接，意思并列，表示“或者遭受极端天气条件”。
四个选项：
- A. assigned（指派、分配）—— 一般用于分配任务，不用于“遭受极端天气”。
- B. subjected（使遭受、使经历）—— “be subjected to” 是固定搭配，意为“遭受、经受”，符合语境。
- C. accustomed（习惯于）——“be accustomed to”意为“习惯于”，但这里不是强调习惯，而是强调被动遭受恶劣天气。
- D. opposed（反对）——“be opposed to”意为“反对”，语义不符。
因此，B. subjected 是正确答案，构成“being subjected to extreme weather conditions”（遭受极端天气条件），与“being attacked by thieves”并列，描述旅途中的危险。
9
解析：
第 9 题考查的是逻辑关系连接词。
句子是：
Caravanserais were strategically placed ______ they could be reached in a day’s travel time.
意思是：“商队旅馆被战略性地安置在 ______ 它们可以在一天的行程内到达。”
A. so that 表示目的，意为“以便，为了”，引导目的状语从句。
这里“战略性地安置”的目的是让旅行者能在一天内到达，逻辑上完全成立。B. even if 表示让步，“即使”，不符合句意。
C. now that 表示原因，“既然”，不符合。
D. in case 表示“以防，万一”，通常用于预防不好的事，而这里是表达目的，不是预防。
因此，只有 A. so that 符合上下文逻辑，表示设置旅馆位置的目的就是为了让旅行者一天内能到达。
正确答案：A
10
解析：
第 10 题空格所在的句子是：
Caravanserais served as an informal meeting point for the various people who travelled the Silk Road.
分析：
- A. talking（谈话）—— 虽然人们在商队旅馆会交谈，但“talking point”在英文中通常指“话题、议论的焦点”，不符合“非正式的聚集地点”之意。
- B. starting（开始）——“starting point”指“起点”，但商队旅馆并不一定是旅程的起点，而是沿途的休息站。
- C. breaking（打破）——“breaking point”意为“断裂点、崩溃点”，与语境不符。
- D. meeting（会面）——“meeting point”是“会合点、聚集点”的意思，符合商队旅馆作为旅行者交流、歇脚场所的功能。
结合上下文，商队旅馆是丝路上不同旅客相遇、交流的非正式场所，因此 meeting point 最合适。
答案：D
11
解析：
第 11 题所在的句子是：
Caravanserais served as an informal ______ point for the various people who travelled the Silk Road. ______, these structures became important centers for cultural ______ and interaction…
逻辑关系分析
- 前一句说“商队旅馆是丝绸之路上各种旅行者的非正式聚集点”。
- 后一句说“这些建筑成为文化交流与互动的重要中心”。
- 显然，前一句是因（作为聚集点），后一句是果（因此成为文化交流中心），两者是因果关系。
选项分析
- A. By the way（顺便说）→ 表示插入额外信息，不符合因果逻辑。
- B. On occasion（偶尔）→ 表示频率，不符合。
- C. In comparison（相比之下）→ 表示对比，不符合。
- D. As a result（因此）→ 表示结果，符合前后因果逻辑。
因此，正确答案是 D。
12
解析：
第 12 题空格所在的句子是：
these structures became important centers for cultural ______ and interaction, with travellers sharing their cultures, ideas and beliefs…
- A. heritage（遗产）—— 强调“继承下来的文化”，而这里强调的是旅行者之间主动的分享与交流，不是静态的遗产。
- B. revival（复兴）—— 指某种文化或事物的重新兴起，与语境不符。
- C. exchange（交流）—— 与后面的 “interaction”（互动）并列，且 “sharing their cultures, ideas and beliefs” 正是文化交流的表现，语义通顺。
- D. status（地位）—— 与语境不符，这里不是讨论文化地位。
因此，C. exchange 最符合文意，表示“文化交流与互动”。
答案：C
13
解析：
第 13 题所在的句子为：
… with travellers sharing their cultures, ideas and beliefs, ______ taking knowledge with them, greatly ______ the development of several civilisations.
句子结构分析：
- 前半部分说“旅行者分享他们的文化、思想和信仰”，
- 空格后面是“带着知识离开”。
- 这两部分之间是并列关系，表示旅行者不仅分享文化，也带走知识。
选项分析：
- A. with regard to（关于）→ 不符合并列逻辑
- B. in spite of（尽管）→ 表示让步，不符合语境
- C. as well as（以及，还有）→ 表示并列，符合“既分享又带走”的逻辑
- D. in line with（与……一致）→ 不符合语义
因此，正确答案是 C. as well as，表示“旅行者分享文化、思想、信仰，并且也带走知识”。
14
解析：
上下文逻辑
空格前的句子提到旅行者在驿站中分享文化、思想和信仰，并带走知识。空格后是“the development of several civilisations”（多个文明的发展）。
这种“文化交流”与“文明发展”之间的关系应当是影响或促进，而不是“完成”“恢复”或“开创”。词义辨析
- A. completing（完成）—— 文化交流并不会“完成”文明的发展，不符合逻辑。
- B. influencing（影响）—— 文化交流会影响文明发展，符合历史事实与语境。
- C. resuming（恢复）—— 文中没有提到文明发展中断后恢复。
- D. pioneering（开创）—— 驿站的文化交流是促进，不一定是“开创”文明发展。
语法与搭配
“greatly influencing…” 是现在分词作结果状语，表示前文描述的活动带来的影响，语法正确且语义通顺。
因此，正确答案是 B. influencing。
15
解析：
第15题所在句子为：
Caravanserais were also an important marketplace for commodities and ___ in the trade of goods along the Silk Road.
句意分析：
这句话的意思是“商队旅馆也是商品的重要市场，并且 ______ 丝绸之路上的货物贸易。”
空格处需要填入一个动词，说明商队旅馆在贸易中起到的作用。
选项分析：
- A. aided（帮助、促进）—— 商队旅馆为贸易提供场所和便利，因此是“帮助/促进”贸易，符合逻辑。
- B. invested（投资）—— 商队旅馆本身是设施，不是主动投资贸易的主体，不符合语境。
- C. failed（失败）—— 与文意相反，商队旅馆是成功的设施。
- D. competed（竞争）—— 商队旅馆不是与贸易竞争，而是支持贸易。
结合上下文，商队旅馆为商人提供住宿、安全、交易场所，因此是 aided（促进）了贸易。
正确答案：A
16
解析：
第 16 题的空格位于段落开头，前一句说“商队旅馆也是丝绸之路沿线商品贸易的重要市场”，后一句说“它常常是商人售卖货物和为自己旅程补给物资的第一站”。
- A. Rather 表示“相反地”或“更确切地说”，但这里不是对前文的修正，而是进一步强调说明。
- B. Indeed 表示“确实”“实际上”，用于加强肯定前文所述，并引出更具体的说明，符合语境。
- C. Otherwise 表示“否则”，用于假设或转折，不符合逻辑。
- D. However 表示“然而”，用于转折，但这里前后是顺承递进关系，不是转折。
因此，B. Indeed 最合适，强调商队旅馆确实是商人的重要第一站，与前文“重要市场”形成递进解释。
答案：B
17
解析：
第 17 题
空格所在句为：
It was frequently the first stop for merchants looking to sell their wares and ______ supplies for their own journeys.
句意分析：
- 商队旅馆是商人的第一站，他们到这里有两个目的：
- 卖掉自己的货物（sell their wares）
- 为自己的旅程 ______ 物资（supplies）
选项分析：
- A. go in for：意思是“参加；喜欢”，不符合“储备物资”的语境。
- B. stand up for：意思是“支持；维护”，与物资无关。
- C. close in on：意思是“逼近；包围”，不符合语境。
- D. stock up on：意思是“备货；囤积”，常与食物、物资等搭配，表示为了后续旅程而采购储备物资。
逻辑对应：
商人卖掉货物后，需要为接下来的行程补充物资，所以“stock up on supplies”非常贴切。
因此正确答案是 D。
18
解析：
第 18 题空格所在的句子是：
It is ______ that around 12,000 to 15,000 caravanserais were built along the Silk Road…
这里的意思是“据信/据估计有大约 12,000 到 15,000 座商旅客栈沿丝绸之路被建造”。
这种句型在英语中常用 It is believed that… 表示“人们普遍认为/据信”，用来引出一个普遍接受但可能没有精确文献记录的历史数据。
- A. believed ✅ 符合历史叙述中“据信”的常见表达。
- B. predicted ❌ 表示“预测”，用于将来，而这里是历史数量。
- C. recalled ❌ 表示“回忆”，主语一般是人，不用于这种客观历史数量的表述。
- D. implied ❌ 表示“暗示”，不符合语境，因为这里没有暗示，而是直接陈述一个估算。
因此正确答案是 A. believed。
19
解析：
第 19 题空格前的句子是“据估计，丝绸之路上大约建造了 12,000 到 15,000 座商队旅馆”，空格后的内容是“如今已知仅存约 3,000 座”。
- 前后逻辑是转折关系：虽然曾经有很多，但现在只剩下少数。
- 四个选项中：
- A. until（直到）表示时间，不符合转折语义。
- B. because（因为）表示因果，不符合。
- C. unless（除非）表示条件，不符合。
- D. although（虽然，尽管）表示让步转折，符合句意。
因此正确答案是 D. although。
20
解析：
第 20 题空格所在句为：
… only about 3,000 are known to remain today, many of which are in ______.
意思是：
“如今已知仅存约 3000 座，其中很多处于______状态。”
- A. ruins（废墟）—— 符合语境，表示很多商队旅馆因年代久远、无人维护而成为废墟。
- B. debt（债务）—— 与建筑物状态无关。
- C. fashion（时尚）—— 不合逻辑。
- D. series（系列）—— “in series” 表示“串联、系列”，不用于描述建筑物遗存状态。
结合历史遗迹的常见描述，应选 A. ruins，表示“已成废墟”。
正确答案：A
阅读理解
Part A
Directions
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
Text 1
The weather in Texas may have cooled since the recent extreme heat, but the temperature will be high at the State Board of Education meeting in Austin this month as officials debate how climate change is taught in Texas schools. Pat Hardy, who sympathises with the views of the energy sector, is resisting proposed changes to science standards for pre-teen pupils. These would emphasise the primacy of human activity in recent climate change and encourage discussion of mitigation measures. Most scientists and experts sharply dispute Hardy’s views. “They casually dismiss the career work of scholars and scientists as just another misguided opinion. " says Dan Quinn, senior communications strategist at the Texas Freedom Network, a non-profit group that monitors public education. “What millions of Texas kids learn in their public schools is determined too often by the political ideology of partisan board members, rather than facts and sound scholarship. " Such debates reflect fierce discussions across the US and around the world, as researchers, policymakers, teachers and students step up demands for a greater focus on teaching about the facts of climate change in schools. A study last year by the National Center for Science Education, a non-profit group of scientists and teachers, looking at how state public schools across the country address climate change in science classes, gave barely half of US states a grade B + or higher. Among the 10 worst performers were some of the most populous states, including Texas, which was given the lowest grade (F) and has a disproportionate influence because its textbooks are widely sold elsewhere. Glenn Branch, the centre’s deputy director, cautions that setting state-level science standards is only one limited benchmark in a country that decentralises decisions to local school boards. Even if a state is considered a high performer in its science standards, “that does not mean it will be taught”, he says. Another issue is that, while climate change is well integrated into some subjects and at some ages—such as earth and space sciences in high schools—it is not as well represented in curricula for younger children and in subjects that are more widely taught, such as biology and chemistry. It is also less prominent in many social studies courses. Branch points out that, even if a growing number of official guidelines and textbooks reflect scientific consensus on climate change, unofficial educational materials that convey more slanted perspectives are being distributed to teachers. They include materials sponsored by libertarian think-tanks and energy industry associations.
21
In Paragraph 1, the weather in Texas is mentioned to ___
解析：
题干定位：题目要求分析第一段中提及“得克萨斯州天气”的目的。
原文第一句为：The weather in Texas may have cooled since the recent extreme heat, but the temperature will be high at the State Board of Education meeting in Austin this month as officials debate how climate change is taught in Texas schools.
写作手法分析：
- 前半句说“天气可能已经降温”，是字面意思。
- 后半句用“but”转折，并说“会议的 temperature 会很高”，这里的 temperature 显然不是指实际气温，而是比喻会议气氛紧张、争论激烈。
- 这种修辞手法是“一语双关”，用天气引出会议氛围。
选项比对：
- A：预测学校政策转变 → 文中虽有政策辩论，但天气描述并非直接预测政策变化。
- B：强调气候变化后果 → 天气变化只是引子，重点不在后果。
- C：暗示会议气氛 → 与原文比喻吻合，是正确答案。
- D：引起公众对能源短缺的关注 → 文中未提及能源短缺，属无关信息。
结论：作者用天气的“降温”对比会议的“升温”，生动引出会议中关于气候变化教学问题的激烈争论，因此答案是 C。
22
What does Quinn think of Hardy?
解析：
题目问的是 Quinn 对 Hardy 的看法。
根据原文，Quinn 说：
“They casually dismiss the career work of scholars and scientists as just another misguided opinion.”
这句话的意思是：他们（包括 Hardy）随意地把学者和科学家毕生的工作当作另一种错误的观点而加以否定。
- A 项（她夸大了现有的恐慌）—— 原文未提及 Hardy 在夸大恐慌，而是说她否定人类活动导致气候变化的科学共识。
- B 项（她否认科学工作的价值）—— 对应 Quinn 所说的 “dismiss the career work of scholars and scientists”，即不承认科学工作的价值，符合文意。
- C 项（她不关心青少年）—— 原文未直接说她是否关心青少年，而是讨论教学内容是否基于科学事实。
- D 项（她表达了自相矛盾的观点）—— 原文未指出她的观点自相矛盾，而是说她与科学共识相悖。
因此，正确选项是 B。
23
The study mentioned in Paragraph 5 shows that ___
解析：
定位段落：题目要求分析第 5 段提到的研究。第 5 段内容是：
A study last year by the National Center for Science Education… looking at how state public schools across the country address climate change in science classes, gave barely half of US states a grade B+ or higher. Among the 10 worst performers were some of the most populous states, including Texas, which was given the lowest grade (F)…
研究核心结论：
- 这项研究评估了美国各州公立学校在科学课程中对待气候变化的方式。
- 结果：只有不到一半的州获得 B+ 或更高分数，很多州表现不佳，得克萨斯州甚至得了最低分 F。
- 这说明美国许多州的公立学校在气候变化教育方面做得不够好。
选项分析：
- A. climate education is insufficient at state public schools（州公立学校的气候教育不足）
与原文研究结果一致，研究显示大部分州评分不高，说明教育不足。 - B. policymakers have little drive for science education（政策制定者对科学教育缺乏动力）
文中未直接说明政策制定者缺乏动力，而是讨论教学内容和标准的问题。 - C. Texas is reluctant to rewrite its science textbooks（得克萨斯州不愿重写科学教科书）
虽然文中提到得州的影响大，但研究本身并未直接说明其不愿改写教科书。 - D. environmental teaching in some states lacks supervision（某些州的环境教学缺乏监督）
文中未提及“监督”问题，而是讨论课程标准与教学内容。
- A. climate education is insufficient at state public schools（州公立学校的气候教育不足）
结论：
研究直接表明，美国许多州在气候变化教育方面的表现不佳，因此 A 是正确答案。
答案：A
24
According to Branch, state-level science standards in the US ___
解析：
题目问的是根据 Branch 的观点，美国州一级的科学标准（state-level science standards）具有什么特点。
在原文中，Glenn Branch 的评论出现在这一段：
Glenn Branch, the centre’s deputy director, cautions that setting state-level science standards is only one limited benchmark in a country that decentralises decisions to local school boards.
这句话的意思是：在美国，教育决策权下放给了地方学区委员会，因此州一级的科学标准只是一个有限的衡量基准。
也就是说，州标准虽然存在，但实际教学内容和实施由地方学区决定，因此它的影响力有限。
选项分析：
- A. call for regular revision（需要定期修订）—— 文中未提及定期修订。
- B. require urgent application（需要紧急应用）—— 未提及。
- C. have limited influence（影响力有限）—— 与原文 “only one limited benchmark” 对应。
- D. cater to local needs（迎合地方需求）—— 州标准是统一制定的，不是迎合地方需求，而且地方学区可以自主决定教什么。
因此正确选项是 C。
25
It is implied in the last paragraph that climate change teaching in some schools ___
解析：
最后一段主要提到两个问题：
- 气候变化在不同学科和年级的融入程度不同，在低年级和生物、化学等广泛教授的科目中体现不够，在社会科学课程中也不突出。
- 即使官方教材反映科学共识，但非官方的教学材料（由自由意志主义智库和能源行业协会赞助）可能带有倾向性观点，并被分发给教师。
由此可以推断，气候变化教学可能受到外部组织（如智库、行业协会）的影响，这些组织提供的材料可能带有偏见，从而影响教学内容的客观性。
选项 D. can be swayed by external forces（可能受到外部力量的影响）与此逻辑一致。
其他选项分析：
- A：与公众需求一致 —— 文中未体现。
- B：反映教师个人偏见 —— 文中强调的是外部材料的影响，不是教师个人偏见。
- C：可能歪曲能源行业 —— 歪曲的不是能源行业本身，而是气候变化的事实，且材料可能来自能源行业，不是歪曲它。
因此正确答案是 D。
Text 2
Communities throughout New England have been attempting to regulate short-term rentals since sites like Airbnb took off in the 2010s. Now, with record-high home prices and historically low inventory, there’s an increased urgency in such regulation, particularly among those who worry that developers will come in and buy up swaths of housing to flip for a fortune on the short-term rental market. In New Hampshire, where the rental vacancy rate has dropped below 1 percent, housing advocates fear unchecked short-term rentals will put further pressure on an already strained market. The state Legislature recently voted against a bill that would’ve made it illegal for towns to create legislation restricting short-term rentals. “We are at a crisis level on the supply of rental housing,” said Nick Taylor, executive director of the Workforce Housing Coalition of the Greater Seacoast. Without enough affordable housing in southern New Hampshire towns, “employers are having a hard time attracting employees, and workers are having a hard time finding a place to live,” Taylor said. However, short-term rentals also provide housing for tourists, pointed out Ryan Castle, CEO of a local association of realtor. “A lot of workers are servicing the tourist industry, and the tourism industry is serviced by those people coming in short term,” Castle said, “and so it’s a cyclical effect.” Short-term rentals themselves are not the crux of the issue, said Keren Hom, an expert on affordable housing policy. “I think individuals being able to rent out their second home is a good thing. If it’s their vacation home anyway, and it’s just empty, why can’t you make money off it?” Hom said. Issues arise, however, when developers attempt to create large-scale short-term rental facilities—de facto hotels—to bypass taxes and regulations. “I think the question is, shouldn’t a developer who’s really building a hotel, but disguising it as not a hotel, be treated and taxed and regulated like a hotel?” Hom said. At the end of 2018, Governor Charlie Baker of Massachusetts signed a bill to rein in those potential investor-buyers. The bill requires every rental host to register with the state, mandates they carry insurance, and opens the potential for local taxes on top of a new state levy. Boston took things even further, requiring renters to register with the city’s Inspectional Services Department. Hom said similar registration requirements could benefit struggling cities and towns, but “if we want to make a change in the housing market, the main one is we have to build a lot more.”
26
Which of the following is true of New England?
解析：
题目问“关于新英格兰地区，以下哪项是正确的？”
A. 它的住房供应处于非常低的水平。
原文明确提到“record-high home prices and historically low inventory”（创纪录的高房价和历史性的低库存），以及新罕布什尔州的“rental vacancy rate has dropped below 1 percent”（出租空置率已降至1%以下），这些都说明住房供应严重不足，因此A项正确。B. 它的社区需要资金。
原文未提及社区需要资金支持，而是讨论如何规范短租市场以缓解住房压力，因此B项错误。C. 它的出租空置率正在缓慢上升。
原文提到新罕布什尔州的出租空置率已降至1%以下，是下降而非上升，因此C项错误。D. 它的房价受到严格管控。
原文提到房价创历史新高，但并未说房价受到严格管控，而是试图通过规范短租来缓解住房压力，因此D项错误。
正确答案：A
27
The bill mentioned in Paragraph 2 was intended to ___
解析：
题目问的是第二段中提到的法案的意图（intended to）。
第二段原文提到：
The state Legislature recently voted against a bill that would’ve made it illegal for towns to create legislation restricting short-term rentals.
这句话的意思是：
立法机关投票否决了一项法案，该法案原本要禁止各城镇制定限制短租的法规。
也就是说，这项被否决的法案如果通过，就会阻止地方政府管制短租，从而允许短租市场自由发展。
四个选项：
- A. 遏制短期租赁投机 → 错，这是反对该法案的人想做的事，不是该法案的目的。
- B. 确保廉价住房供应 → 错，与该法案无关。
- C. 惩罚住房非法交易 → 错，文中未提及。
- D. 允许自由的短租市场 → 对，因为该法案阻止地方政府限制短租，目的就是让短租市场不受地方管制。
所以正确答案是 D。
28
Compared with Castle, Taylor is more likely to support ___
好的，我们一步步来分析。
1. 理解人物观点
Taylor（代表 Workforce Housing Coalition）：
- 提到“We are at a crisis level on the supply of rental housing”。
- 强调可负担住房不足，导致雇主招人难、工人找不到住处。
- 他是从“住房短缺、短租可能加剧长租市场紧张”的角度出发的，因此他更可能支持增加可负担住房供应，而不是鼓励短租。
Castle（房地产协会 CEO）：
- 指出短租为游客提供住房，很多工人服务于旅游业，而旅游业依赖短租游客，这是“cyclical effect”。
- 他更倾向于维护短租存在的合理性，强调其对当地旅游经济的支持。
2. 题目问法
Compared with Castle, Taylor is more likely to support ___
即：与 Castle 相比，Taylor 更可能支持什么？
Castle 站在短租有利于旅游业的立场，Taylor 站在住房短缺危机的立场，因此 Taylor 会支持解决住房短缺问题的措施，而不是优先保障短租市场。
3. 选项分析
A. further investment in local tourism
- 这是 Castle 的立场，不是 Taylor 更可能支持的。
B. an increase in affordable housing
- 与 Taylor 的担忧和主张完全一致，他明确说了缺乏可负担住房的问题。
C. strict management of real estate agents
- 文中未直接涉及房地产经纪人的严格管理，Taylor 的重点是住房供应，不是针对中介。
D. a favorable policy for short-term workers
- 短租工人？文中没有特别讨论针对短工的优惠政策，而且 Taylor 关注的是所有工人找房难的问题，不是专门给短工政策。
4. 结论
Taylor 最可能支持的是 B. an increase in affordable housing，因为他的核心论点是住房供应危机，需要增加可负担住房。
最终答案：B
29
What does Hom emphasize in Paragraph 5?
解析：
题目问的是第 5 段中 Hom 强调的内容。
第 5 段在原文中对应的是 Hom 说的两段话：
“I think individuals being able to rent out their second home is a good thing. … why can’t you make money off it?”
→ 这里表示她并不反对个人出租第二套住房。“Issues arise, however, when developers attempt to create large-scale short-term rental facilities—de facto hotels—to bypass taxes and regulations. I think the question is, shouldn’t a developer who’s really building a hotel, but disguising it as not a hotel, be treated and taxed and regulated like a hotel?”
→ 这里强调问题在于开发商大规模建短租设施，以逃避酒店应遵守的税收和监管。
因此，Hom 在第 5 段强调的重点是必须阻止开发商逃税和规避监管。
选项分析：
- A 升级短租设施 → 未提及。
- B 当地住房市场的高效运作 → 不是本段重点。
- C 阻止开发商逃税的必要性 → 与原文意思一致。
- D 出租闲置房屋的正确程序 → 不是本段强调内容。
正确答案：C
30
Horn holds that imposing registration requirements is ___
让我们先定位原文中 Hom 的观点。
原文提到：
Hom said similar registration requirements could benefit struggling cities and towns, but “if we want to make a change in the housing market, the main one is we have to build a lot more.”
这句话的意思是：
- 登记要求是有好处的（could benefit），
- 但是要真正解决住房市场问题，主要还得靠“建更多住房”。
也就是说，登记要求虽然有用，但不足以彻底解决问题，因此它是一个 inadequate solution（不够充分的解决方案）。
选项分析：
- A. an irrational decision（不理性的决定）—— 原文没说它不合理，反而说它 could benefit。
- B. an unfeasible proposal（不可行的提议）—— 没说不可行。
- C. an unnecessary measure（不必要的措施）—— 没说没必要，反而说可能有益。
- D. an inadequate solution（不够充分的解决方案）—— 符合 Hom 的“but”转折含义。
因此正确答案是 D。
Text 3
If you’re heading for your nearest branch of Waterstones, the biggest book retailer in the UK, in search of the Duchess of Sussex’s new children’s book The Bench, you might have to be prepared to hunt around a bit; the same may be true of The President’s Daughter, the new thriller by Bill Clinton and James Patterson. Both of these books are published next week by Penguin Random House (PRH), a company currently involved in a stand-off with Waterstones. The problem began late last year, when PRH confirmed that it had introduced a credit limit with Waterstones “at a very significant level”. The trade magazine The Bookseller reported that Waterstones branch managers were being told to remove PRH books from prominent areas such as tables, display spaces and windows, and were “quietly retiring them to their relevant sections”. PRH declined to comment on the issue, but a spokesperson for Waterstones told me: “Waterstones are currently operating with reduced credit terms from PRH, the only publisher in the UK to place any limitations on our ability to trade. We are not boycotting PRH titles but we are doing our utmost to ensure that availability for customers remains good despite the lower overall levels of stock. We are hopeful with our shops now open again that normality will return and that we will be allowed to buy appropriately. Certainly, our shops are exceptionally busy. The sales for our May Books of the Month surpassed any month since 2018.” In the meantime, PRH authors have been the losers. Big-name PRH authors may suffer a bit, but it’s those mid-list authors, who normally rely on Waterstones staff’s passion for promoting books by lesser-known writers, who will be praying for an end to the dispute. It comes at a time when authors are already worried about the consequences of the proposed merger between PRH and another big publisher, Simon & Schuster—the reduction in the number of unaligned UK publishers is likely to lead to fewer bidding wars, lower advances, and more conformity in terms of what is published. “This is all part of a wider change towards concentration of power and cartels. Literary agencies are getting bigger to have the clout to negotiate better terms with publishers, publishers consolidating to deal with Amazon,” says Lownie. “The publishing industry talks about diversity in terms of authors and staff but it also needs a plurality of ways of delivering intellectual contact, choice and different voices. After all, many of the most interesting books in recent years have come from small publishers.” We shall see whether that plurality is a casualty of the current need among publishers to be big enough to take on all-comers.
31
The author mentions two books in Paragraph 1 to present ___
解析：
题目问的是作者在第一段提到两本书的目的是什么。
第一段内容回顾：
第一段开头提到，如果你去英国最大的图书零售商 Waterstones 找梅根的新童书《The Bench》或者克林顿与帕特森合著的新惊悚小说《The President’s Daughter》，你可能得费一番功夫寻找。接着指出这两本书都由 Penguin Random House (PRH) 出版，而 PRH 目前正与 Waterstones 陷入僵局（stand-off）。随后解释了原因：PRH 对 Waterstones 施加了“很高的信用额度限制”，导致 Waterstones 将 PRH 的书从显眼位置撤下。写作目的分析：
作者并不是要介绍这两本书本身，也不是单纯介绍一种文学现象，而是通过这两本书作为例子，引出 PRH 与 Waterstones 之间的商业冲突。这种冲突是“正在进行的”（ongoing），因为文中提到双方还在僵持中，并且对图书销售和作者产生了影响。选项分析：
- A. an ongoing conflict（一个正在进行的冲突） → 符合文意，即两家公司之间的商业纠纷。
- B. an intellectual concept（一个知识概念） → 文中未涉及抽象概念。
- C. a prevailing sentiment（一种普遍情绪） → 不是重点，也不是为了表达情绪。
- D. a literary phenomenon（一种文学现象） → 虽然涉及图书，但核心是商业冲突，不是文学本身的现象。
因此，正确答案是 A。
32
Why did Waterstones shops retire PRH books to their relevant sections?
解析：
- 问题核心：问的是 Waterstones 为什么把 PRH 的书从显眼位置移回普通货架。
- 文章线索：
- 第二段提到，PRH 对 Waterstones 实施了“很高的信用额度限制”（credit limit）。
- Waterstones 的应对措施是：让分店经理把 PRH 的书从显眼的展示区（桌子、橱窗等）撤下，放回它们所属的分类区（retiring them to their relevant sections）。
- 逻辑关系：
- Waterstones 这样做不是自愿的，而是对 PRH 限制其信用额度的商业行为的回应。
- 选项 C “To respond to PRH’s business move” 准确概括了这一因果关系。
- 排除其他选项：
- A：移走书显然不是为了“更容易被注意到”，相反是降低其展示度。
- B：不是遵守 PRH 的要求，而是应对 PRH 的限制。
- D：不是单纯为了系统化摆放，而是带有商业博弈的目的。
因此正确答案是 C。
33
What message does the spokesperson for Waterstones seem to convey?
解析：
题目问的是 Waterstones 发言人的表态中传达了什么信息。
文中 Waterstones 发言人的原话是：
“We are hopeful with our shops now open again that normality will return and that we will be allowed to buy appropriately.”
这句话的意思是：
- 他们希望恢复正常（normality will return）
- 并且他们能够被允许正常采购（allowed to buy appropriately）
这暗示了目前他们受到 PRH 的信用额度限制，而他们希望这种限制能够解除，恢复正常采购关系。
四个选项：
- A. 顾客仍然忠诚 —— 文中提到书店很忙、销售数据好，但这不是发言人主要想传达的核心信息，而是附带说明。
- B. 信用限制将被解除 —— 虽然发言人没有直接说“会解除”，但“hopeful … normality will return”表达了希望结束当前限制的愿望，这是他们想传达的主要信息。
- C. 库存被低估 —— 文中未提及。
- D. 图书市场相当萧条 —— 与文中说的书店繁忙相反。
因此，正确答案是 B，发言人希望信用限制解除，恢复正常采购。
34
What can be one consequence of the current dispute?
解析：
根据文章内容，当前争端是企鹅兰登书屋（PRH）对水石书店（Waterstones）实施了“信贷额度限制”，导致水石书店将 PRH 的书籍从显眼位置撤下，并减少库存。文章明确提到：
“PRH authors have been the losers. Big-name PRH authors may suffer a bit, but it’s those mid-list authors, who normally rely on Waterstones staff’s passion for promoting books by lesser-known writers, who will be praying for an end to the dispute.”
这意味着：
- 知名作家可能受影响较小；
- 中层作家（mid-list authors） 受影响更大，因为他们通常依赖水石书店员工主动推荐不太出名的作家的书；
- 由于陈列和库存减少，他们的书销量会明显下降。
因此，当前争端的一个后果是：中层 PRH 作家的销量显著下滑，对应选项 A。
其他选项分析：
- B：文中未提及“不知名作家成为批评目标”。
- C：水石书店员工并非“犹豫推广知名作家书”，而是受库存和陈列限制影响。
- D：水石书店表示“店铺非常繁忙”，5 月图书销量超 2018 年以来任何月份，并未提到收入严重下降。
正确答案：A
35
Which of the following statements best represents Lownie’s view?
好的，我们来一步步分析。
1. 定位 Lownie 的观点
原文中 Lownie 的发言在：
“This is all part of a wider change towards concentration of power and cartels. Literary agencies are getting bigger to have the clout to negotiate better terms with publishers, publishers consolidating to deal with Amazon,” says Lownie. “The publishing industry talks about diversity in terms of authors and staff but it also needs a plurality of ways of delivering intellectual contact, choice and different voices. After all, many of the most interesting books in recent years have come from small publishers.”
2. 理解 Lownie 的核心观点
- 他指出趋势是“权力集中”和“卡特尔化”（即垄断或寡头）。
- 出版社合并是为了应对亚马逊等大平台。
- 他认为出版业需要 plurality（多元化） 的传播方式、选择和不同声音。
- 很多有趣的书来自小出版社。
- 最后一段结尾暗示：这种多元化可能会因为出版社追求规模而成为牺牲品。
所以 Lownie 对“出版社合并”持 担忧 态度，认为这会导致多样性受损，权力集中。
3. 看选项
A. 小出版社应该团结起来 —— 文中未提“应该团结”，只提到小出版社出过很多好书。
B. 大出版社会失去主导地位 —— 与 Lownie 说的趋势相反，他说的是大出版社在加强主导地位。
C. 出版业处境艰难 —— 太笼统，不是 Lownie 强调的重点，他重点在“集中化”和“多元化受损”。
D. 出版社合并是令人担忧的趋势 —— 这符合他的观点：合并 → 权力集中 → 损害多元化。
4. 结论
Lownie 认为合并是更大范围权力集中的一部分，这会威胁到出版业的多元性，因此是令人担忧的。
答案：D
Text 4
Scientific papers are the recordkeepers of progress in research. Each year researchers publish millions of papers in more than 30, 000 journals. The scientific community measures the quality of those papers in a number of ways, including the perceived quality of the journal (as reflected by the title’s impact factor) and the number of citations a specific paper accumulates. The careers of scientists and the reputation of their institutions depend on the number and prestige of the papers they produce, but even more so on the citations attracted by these papers. Citation cartels, where journals, authors, and institutions conspire to inflate citation numbers, have existed for a long time. In 2016, researchers developed an algorithm to recognize suspicious citation patterns, including groups of authors that disproportionately cite one another and groups of journals that cite each other frequently to increase the impact factors of their publications. Recently, another expression of this predatory behavior has emerged: so-called support service consultancies that provide language and other editorial support to individual authors and to journals sometimes advise contributors to add a number of citations to their articles. The advent of electronic publishing and authors’ need to find outlets for their papers resulted in thousands of new journals. The birth of predatory journals wasn’t far behind. These journals can act as milk cows where every single article in an issue may cite a specific paper or a series of papers. In some instances, there is absolutely no relationship between the content of the article and the citations. The peculiar part is that the journal that the editor is supposedly working for is not profiting at all—it is just providing citations to other journals. Such practices can lead an article to accrue more than 150 citations in the same year that it was published. How insidious is this type of citation manipulation? In one example, an individual—acting as author, editor, and consultant—was able to use at least 15 journals as citation providers to articles published by five scientists at three universities. The problem is rampant in Scopus, a citation database, which includes a high number of the new “international” journals. In fact, a listing in Scopus seems to be a criterion to be targeted in this type of citation manipulation. Scopus itself has all the data necessary to detect this malpractice. Red flags include a large number of citations to an article within the first year. And for authors who wish to steer clear of citation cartel activities: when an editor, a reviewer, or a support service asks you to add inappropriate references, do not oblige and do report the request to the journal.
36
According to Paragraph 1, the careers of scientists can be determined by ___
解析：
原文第一段提到：
The careers of scientists and the reputation of their institutions depend on the number and prestige of the papers they produce, but even more so on the citations attracted by these papers.
这句话明确指出，科学家的职业发展不仅取决于论文的数量和期刊的声望，更取决于论文获得的引用次数。
选项分析：
- A. how many citations their works contain
这里的“their works contain”是指论文中包含的引用（即参考文献列表），而不是别人引用他们的次数，因此不符合文意。 - B. how many times their papers are cited
这正是原文“citations attracted by these papers”的意思，即论文被引用的次数，因此正确。 - C. the prestige of the people they work with
文中未提及合作者的声望对科学家职业的决定作用。 - D. the status they have in scientific circles
这属于结果而非原因，文中强调的是引用次数影响其地位和职业发展。
因此，正确答案是 B。
37
The support service consultancies tend to ___
解析：
题目问的是“支持服务咨询机构倾向于做什么”，我们需要在原文中找到关于 support service consultancies 的描述。
原文中提到：
Recently, another expression of this predatory behavior has emerged: so-called support service consultancies that provide language and other editorial support to individual authors and to journals sometimes advise contributors to add a number of citations to their articles.
这句话明确指出，这些机构有时会建议投稿人在文章中增加一些引用。
选项分析：
- A. recommend journals to their clients（向客户推荐期刊）—— 原文未提及推荐期刊，而是说增加引用。
- B. list citation patterns for their clients（为客户列出引用模式）—— 原文未提及列出引用模式。
- C. ask authors to include extra citations（要求作者增加额外引用）—— 与原文 “advise contributors to add a number of citations” 对应，正确。
- D. advise contributors to cite each other（建议投稿人互相引用）—— 原文说的是增加引用，不一定是互相引用，这是另一种操纵行为（citation cartels），不是 support service consultancies 的主要行为。
因此正确答案是 C。
38
The function of the “milk cow” journals is to ___
解析：
题目问的是“milk cow”期刊的作用是什么。
原文中提到：
These journals can act as milk cows where every single article in an issue may cite a specific paper or a series of papers. In some instances, there is absolutely no relationship between the content of the article and the citations.
这句话的意思是，这类“奶牛期刊”就像是产奶的牛一样，持续不断地为某些特定论文提供引用。
它们每期里的每篇文章都可能引用某篇或某几篇特定的论文，即使内容上毫无关联。
这样做的目的就是人为地提高这些特定论文的引用次数，从而提升作者的学术指标。
选项分析：
- A. boost citation counts for certain authors（提高某些作者的引用次数）—— 与原文描述一致。
- B. help scholars publish articles at low cost（帮助学者低成本发表文章）—— 原文未提及发表成本。
- C. instruct first-time contributors in citation（指导首次投稿者如何引用）—— 原文未提及。
- D. increase the readership of new journals（增加新期刊的读者群）—— 原文未提及，且“奶牛期刊”的作用是提供引用，不是为了增加读者。
因此正确答案是 A。
39
What can be learned about Scopus from the last two paragraphs?
解析：
题目问的是从最后两段中，关于 Scopus 可以了解到什么。
最后两段提到：
- Scopus 是一个引文数据库，包含大量新的“国际”期刊。
- 被 Scopus 收录似乎是这类引文操纵的目标条件之一。
- Scopus 本身拥有所有必要的数据来发现这种不当行为。
- 可疑迹象包括某篇文章在发表第一年内收到大量引用。
由此可知，Scopus 有能力识别可疑引用，尽管文中并未说它已经全面实施检测或阻止，但明确提到它拥有所需数据，可以做到这一点。
选项分析：
- A：说 Scopus 助长了引用提供者之间的竞争，文中未提及。
- B：它有能力识别可疑引用，与原文“has all the data necessary to detect this malpractice”一致。
- C：说它阻碍了“国际”期刊的发展，文中无依据。
- D：说它建立是为了防止引文操纵，但 Scopus 本质是引文数据库，并非为此目的建立。
因此正确答案是 B。
40
What should an author do to deal with citation manipulators?
解析：
题目问的是“作者应如何应对引用操纵者（citation manipulators）”，即当作者遇到要求不正当引用的情况时，正确的做法是什么。
文章最后一句明确提到：
when an editor, a reviewer, or a support service asks you to add inappropriate references, do not oblige and do report the request to the journal.
这句话的意思是：当编辑、审稿人或支持服务机构要求你添加不恰当的参考文献时，不要照做，并且要向期刊举报该请求。
- A. Take legal action（采取法律行动）—— 文中未提及法律途径。
- B. Demand an apology（要求道歉）—— 文中未提及。
- C. Seek professional advice（寻求专业建议）—— 文中未建议寻求建议，而是直接要求举报。
- D. Reveal their misconduct（揭露他们的不当行为）—— 与 “report the request to the journal” 意思一致，即揭露并举报这种不当要求。
因此正确答案是 D。
Part B
Directions
The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-H and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs A, E and H have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
41-45
A. Last year marked the 150th anniversary of a series of Yellowstone photographs by the renowned landscape photographer William • Henry Jackson. He captured the first-ever shots of iconic landmarks such as the Tetons, Old Faithful and the Colorado Rockies. Jackson snapped them on a late 19th-century expedition through the Yellowstone Basin that was conducted by the head of the U. S. Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories, Ferdinand V. Hayden. The team included a meteorologist, a zoologist, a mineralogist, and an agricultural statistician.
B. Two centuries ago , the idea of preserving nature , rather than exploiting it , was a novel one to many U.S. settlers. One of the turning points in public support for land conservation efforts-and recognizing the magnificence of the Yellowstone region in particular-came in the form of vivid photographs.
C. As an effective Washington operator, Hayden sensed that he could capitalize on the expedition’s stunning visuals. He asked Jackson to print out large copies and distributed them, along with reproductions of Moran’s paintings, to each member of Congress. " The visualization, particularly those photographs, really hit home that this is something that has to be protected, " says Murphy.
D. Throughout the trip , Jackson juggled multiple cameras and plate sizes using the " collodion process” that required him to coat the plates with a chemical mixture , then expose them and develop the resulting images with a portable darkroom. The crude technique required educated guesses on exposure times, and involved heavy, awkward equipment-several men had to assist in its transportation.Despite these challenges, Jackson captured dozens of striking photos, ranging from majestic images like his now-famous snapshot of Old Faithful, to casual portraits of expedition members at the camp. While veterans of previous expeditions wrote at length about stunning trail sights, these vivid photographs were another thing entirely.
E. The journey officially began in Ogden, Utah on June 8 , 1871. Over nearly four months , dozens of men made their way on horseback into Montana and traversed along the Yellowstone River and around Yellowstone Lake. That fall, they concluded the survey in Fort Bridger, Wyoming.
F. Though Native Americans ( and later miners and fur trappers ) had long recognized the area’s riches , most Americans did not. That’s why Hayden’s expedition aimed to produce a fuller understanding of the Yellowstone River region, from its hot springs and waterfalls to its variety of flora and fauna. In addition to the entourage of scientists, the team also included artists: Painter Thomas Moran and photographer William Henry Jackson were charged with capturing this astounding natural beauty and sharing it with the world.
G. The bill proved largely popular and sailed through Congress with large majorities in favor. In quick succession, the Senate and House passed legislation protecting Yellowstone in early 1872. That March, President Ulysses S. Grant signed an act into law that established Yellowstone as the world’s first national park. Soon, some locals opposed the designation. Still, the decision was largely accepted-and Jackson’s photos played a key role in the fight to protect the area. “I don’t believe that the legal protection would have happened in the timeframe that it did without those images, " says Hansen, journalist and author of Prophets and Moguls, Rangers and Rogues, Bison and Bears: 100 Years of the National ParkService.
H. Perhaps most importantly, the images provided documentary evidence that later made its way to government officials. Weeks after completing the expedition, Hayden collected his team’s observations into an extensive report aimed at convincing Senators and Representatives, along with colleagues at government agencies like the Department of the Interior that Yellowstone ought to be preserved.
41 _______ → A → 42 _______ → E → 43 _______ → H → 44 _______ → 45 _______
Part C
Directions
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
46-50
There has been some exploration around the use of AI in digital marketing. For example, AI can be used to analyse what type of advertising content or copy would be appropriate to ‘speak’ to a specific target customer group by revealing information about trends and preferences through the analysis of big data. (46) AI can also be used to identify the lifestyle choices of customers regarding their hobbies, favourite celebrities, music choices, and fashions to provide unique content in marketing messages put out through social media. At the same time AI can also be used to generate content for social media posts and chat sites. AI can also provide a bridge between the need for the brand to communicate emotionally with the customer and identifying their rapidly changing needs.
The main disadvantage of using AI to respond to customers is that there are concerns about trusting personal interactions to machines, which could lead not only to the subsequent loss of interpersonal connections, but also to a decrease in marketing personnel. (47) Some believe that AI is negatively impacting on the marketer’s role by reducing creativity and removing jobs, but they are aware that it is a way of reducing costs and creating new information. By allowing AI to develop content some brand marketers may find that they are losing control over the brand narrative. (48) Algorithms that are used to simulate human interactions are creating many of these concerns, especially as no - one is quite sure what the outcomes of using AI to interact with customers will be.
For AI to be successful, data needs to be accessible, but the use of personal data is becoming more regulated and the automated sharing of data is becoming more difficult. (49) If customers are not willing to share data, AI will be starved of essential information and will not be able to function effectively or employ machine learning to improve its marketing content and communication. Therefore, unless customers are prepared to sign release agreements, the use of AI may become somewhat restricted in the future. Not only can AI help to create the marketing content, but it can also provide a non - intrusive way of delivering the content to the target customers. Data can be gathered on where the customer
can be engaged, such as location, devices used, website interactions, and sites visited, to display marketing messages in appropriate forms, including emails, social media posts, pop - up advertisements, and banners at an appropriate frequency. (50) The non - intrusive delivery of the marketing messages in a way that is sensitive to the needs of the target customer is one of the critical challenges to the digital marketer.
写作
Part A
51
Directions
Write a notice to recruit a student for Prof. Smith’s research project on campus sports activities. Specify the duties and requirements of the job.
You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not use your own name in the notice. Use “Li Ming” instead. (10 points)
Part B
52
Directions
Write an essay of 160—200 words based on the picture below. In your essay, you should
describe the picture briefly,
interpret the implied meaning, and
give your comments.
You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)
（图中有一些卡通画及文字：“真好啊！咱们村的龙舟赛越赛越热闹了。” 画里呈现了河边桥上有人围观，河里有龙舟竞赛，岸边有老人感慨的场景 。）
