2025 年真题
选择题答案速对
| No. | Ans | No. | Ans | No. | Ans | No. | Ans | No. | Ans |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | B | 2 | C | 3 | B | 4 | C | 5 | B |
| 6 | A | 7 | D | 8 | A | 9 | A | 10 | D |
| 11 | D | 12 | A | 13 | D | 14 | C | 15 | D |
| 16 | C | 17 | B | 18 | B | 19 | B | 20 | A |
| 21 | C | 22 | A | 23 | A | 24 | B | 25 | A |
| 26 | B | 27 | D | 28 | C | 29 | A | 30 | C |
| 31 | D | 32 | A | 33 | A | 34 | C | 35 | D |
| 36 | C | 37 | B | 38 | B | 39 | C | 40 | D |
完形填空
Directions
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Text
Located in the southern Peloponnesian peninsula, Pavlopetri (the modern name of the site) emerged as a Neolithic settlement around 3500 B.C. and became an important trading center for Mycenaean Greece (1650 - 1180 B.C.). This area of the Aegean Sea is to earthquakes and tsunamis, which caused the city to sink. The slow sea level rise in the Mediterranean the city more than 3,000 years ago.
For millennia, the city’s lay unseen below some 13 feet of water. They were covered by a thick layer of sand the island of Laconia. In recent decades, shifting and climate change have eroded a natural barrier that Pavlopetri. In 1967 a scientific survey of the Peloponnesian coast was data to analyze changes in sea levels British oceanographer Nicholas Flemming first spotted the submerged . A year later, he returned with a few students to the location and map the site. The team identified some 15 buildings, courtyards, a network of streets, and two chamber tombs. the exciting initial finds, the site would lie for decades before archaeologists would return.
In 2009 archaeologists Chrysanthi Gallou and Jon Henderson the excavation of Pavlopetri in cooperation with the Greek Ministry of Culture. Since the 1960s, underwater archaeology and tools had made huge advances. The team robotics, sonar mapping, and state - of - the - art graphics to survey the site. From 2009 to 2013 they were able to bring the underwater town to . Covering about two and a half acres, Pavlopetri’s three main roads some 50 rectangular buildings, all of which had open courtyards. Excavations revealed a large number of Minoan - style loom weights, Pavlopetri was a thriving trade center with a textile industry.
1
解析：
第 1 题题干为：
This area of the Aegean Sea is ______ to earthquakes and tsunamis, which caused the city to sink.
选项：
A. relevant（相关的）
B. prone（易遭受…的）
C. available（可用的）
D. alien（陌生的，外国的）
解题思路：
- 句子意思是“爱琴海的这个区域 ______ 地震和海啸，这导致城市下沉”。
- 从逻辑上看，地震和海啸是造成城市下沉的原因，所以这个区域应该是“容易发生”地震和海啸。
- be prone to 是固定搭配，表示“易于…的，有…倾向的”，尤其用于自然灾害、问题等。
- 其他选项：
- A. relevant to（与…相关），语义不够强烈，不强调“易遭受”的含义。
- C. available to（可被…利用），不符合语境。
- D. alien to（与…不相容，陌生的），意思完全不符。
因此，正确答案是 B. prone。
2
解析：
上下文逻辑
前文提到该地区容易发生地震和海啸，后文又提到“缓慢的海平面上升”（slow sea level rise），说明城市的下沉是一个长期、缓慢的过程，而不是突然或偶然发生的。词义辨析
- A. accidentally（偶然地）
- B. frequently（频繁地）
- C. gradually（逐渐地）
- D. temporarily（暂时地）
与“slow sea level rise”以及“over 3,000 years ago”对应的是“逐渐地”下沉。
句意连贯
整句意为：“这座城市逐渐下沉，而地中海海平面的缓慢上升在三千多年前淹没了它。”
“逐渐下沉”与“海平面缓慢上升”在语义上形成呼应。
因此，正确答案是 C. gradually。
3
解析：
上下文线索：
前文提到该城因地震和海啸而“逐渐下沉”（sink），并且位于水下数千年。因此，此处应表示“地中海海平面上升”导致该城被淹没。词义辨析：
- disguised（伪装） → 与海平面上升无关。
- submerged（淹没） → 符合“海平面上升导致城市沉入水下”的语境。
- relocated（搬迁） → 文中无搬迁迹象。
- isolated（隔离） → 与海平面上升的逻辑不符。
逻辑与搭配：
“The slow sea level rise … submerged the city” 是直接且合理的因果关系，说明城市被海水覆盖。
因此正确答案是 B. submerged。
4
解析：
第 4 题所在的句子是：
For millennia, the city’s ______ lay unseen below some 13 feet of water.
- A. legends（传说）—— 传说不是“沉在水下看不见”的物理实体，不符合语境。
- B. programs（计划/项目）—— 城市沉没后留下的不会是“项目”，逻辑不通。
- C. remains（遗迹/遗址）—— 符合考古学语境，指城市沉没后留下的建筑、街道等物理遗迹。
- D. surroundings（周围环境）—— 周围环境是外部的东西，不是“城市的”且“沉在水下”的主体。
根据上下文，这里说的是城市沉没后，它的“遗迹”在水下数千年未被发现，因此 C. remains 正确。
5
解析：
第 5 题原文为：
They were covered by a thick layer of sand ______ the island of Laconia.
四个选项：
A. across
B. off
C. under
D. via
解题思路：
- 这句话的意思是：它们（城市遗迹）被厚厚的沙子覆盖，位于 拉科尼亚岛附近（离岸） 的水下。
- 这里描述的是 Pavlopetri 的地理位置——它是在拉科尼亚岛 近海 的水下。
- “off + 地点” 表示“在…附近的海域”或“离…不远的海上”，常用于表示离岸的位置，如“off the coast of…”。
- 其他选项分析：
- A. across 表示“横跨”，不符合“被沙子覆盖”与岛屿之间的位置关系。
- C. under 虽然可以表示“在…下方”，但这里 sand 不是在岛的下方，而是在岛附近的海底。
- D. via 表示“经由”，逻辑不通。
因此，B. off 最符合“在拉科尼亚岛近海”的语境。
答案：B
6
解析：
上下文线索：
句子提到“In recent decades, shifting ______ and climate change have eroded a natural barrier that protected Pavlopetri.”
这里“shifting ______”与“climate change”并列，都是导致自然屏障被侵蚀的原因。
自然屏障（可能指沙洲或水下地形）最可能受到水流长期作用的影响。词义与搭配：
- A. currents（水流、海流）—— 海洋环境中常见，会改变海底地形。
- B. rivers（河流）—— 该遗址位于海中，不是河流。
- C. seasons（季节）—— “shifting seasons” 一般指季节更替，但季节变化本身不直接侵蚀水下屏障，而是通过风、浪等间接作用。
- D. winds（风）—— 风会影响海浪，但此处更直接相关的是水下或沿岸的海流。
逻辑与常识：
水下考古遗址周围的沙层或屏障，长期受到海流冲刷而改变，这是海洋地理的常见现象。
而且“shifting currents”是固定搭配，指“变化的水流”。
因此，A. currents 是最符合海洋环境与侵蚀机制的选项。
7
解析：
第 7 题所在句子为：
In recent decades, shifting sediments and climate change have eroded a natural barrier that protected Pavlopetri.
逻辑分析：
- 前文提到该地区容易发生地震和海啸，并且城市因海平面上升而沉没。
- 这里说“近几十年来，沉积物迁移和气候变化侵蚀了一个自然屏障”，这个屏障原本的作用应该是保护 Pavlopetri 免受侵蚀或海浪冲击。
- 如果屏障被侵蚀，那么遗址就会更容易受到破坏，这与后文提到遗址被发现、需要现代技术来发掘相呼应。
选项分析：
- A. elevated（抬高）——不符合“屏障”的功能逻辑。
- B. separated（分隔）——屏障可能是分隔陆地与海，但这里强调保护作用更合理。
- C. comprised（构成）——意思不符，屏障不会“构成” Pavlopetri。
- D. protected（保护）——符合“自然屏障”的功能，且与“eroded（侵蚀）”形成因果关系。
因此正确答案是 D. protected。
8
解析：
第 8 题所在句子为：
In 1967 a scientific survey of the Peloponnesian coast was ______ data to analyze changes in sea levels ______ British oceanographer Nicholas Flemming first spotted the submerged ______.
句子结构分析：
- 主语是 “a scientific survey”，后面是被动语态 “was ______ data”，表示“这项调查正在……数据”。
- 逻辑上，科学调查的目的是收集数据来分析海平面变化。
- 选项含义：
- A. gathering（收集）—— 符合“调查收集数据”的语义。
- B. restoring（恢复）—— 数据不是被“恢复”，而是被收集。
- C. updating（更新）—— 上下文未提到已有数据需要更新。
- D. supplying（提供）—— 调查本身是“收集”数据，而不是“提供”数据给别人。
因此，A. gathering 最符合句意，表示“1967 年对伯罗奔尼撒海岸进行的一项科学调查正在收集数据，以分析海平面变化”。
9
解析：
第 9 题所在的句子是：
In 1967 a scientific survey of the Peloponnesian coast was ______ data to analyze changes in sea levels ______ British oceanographer Nicholas Flemming first spotted the submerged ______.
空格 9 前面是 “analyze changes in sea levels”，后面是 “British oceanographer Nicholas Flemming first spotted…”，这是一个时间状语从句，表示 “当……的时候”。
- A. when 可以引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时”，符合语境：在 1967 年的那次调查中，当 Flemming 第一次发现水下遗迹时。
- B. until 表示“直到”，逻辑上不通，因为不是“直到他发现”才做调查，而是“在调查时他发现了”。
- C. after 表示“在……之后”，但原文强调的是在调查过程中“第一次发现”，不是调查之后才发现。
- D. once 表示“一旦”，带有条件意味，不符合这里单纯的时间背景描述。
结合上下文，1967 年的调查是 Flemming 首次发现遗址的时间背景，所以用 when 最自然。
因此正确答案是 A。
10
解析：
第 10 题所在句子为：
British oceanographer Nicholas Flemming first spotted the submerged ______.
选项：
A. belongings（个人物品）
B. resources（资源）
C. products（产品）
D. structures（建筑物、结构）
解题思路：
- 上下文提示：上文提到 Pavlopetri 是一座沉没的城市，并且下文提到“一年后他带学生回来测绘该地点，识别出 15 座建筑、庭院、街道网络和墓室”。
- 逻辑对应：Flemming 在 1967 年首次发现的是“被淹没的建筑物/城市结构”，而不是零散的物品、资源或产品。
- 语义搭配：submerged structures（被淹没的建筑物）是考古学中描述水下遗址的常用表达，符合文意。
因此，正确答案是 D. structures。
11
解析：
上下文逻辑
第 10 空提到英国海洋学家 Nicholas Flemming 在 1967 年首次发现了被淹没的遗址（submerged site）。
第 11 空说“一年后，他带着几个学生回来……位置并绘制地图”。
既然已经发现遗址，再次回来的目的应该是仔细考察、勘测或研究这个地点，而不是“保存”“选择”或“展示”。动词搭配与含义
- A. preserve（保护）—— 当时只是刚发现，还没有到保护阶段。
- B. select（选择）—— 地点已经确定，不需要再“选择”。
- C. display（展示）—— 不符合初期考古工作的实际步骤。
- D. examine（检查、考察）—— 符合“回来进一步调查、测绘”的语境。
与后文呼应
后文说他们“识别出大约 15 座建筑、庭院、街道网络和两座墓室”，这正说明他们进行了仔细的考察（examine）。
因此，正确答案是 D. examine。
12
解析：
第 12 题空格前后的意思是：
- 前面说 1968 年团队发现了 15 座建筑、街道网络等 → 这是“令人兴奋的初步发现”。
- 后面说 “该遗址在几十年里无人问津，直到考古学家再次回来”。
- 逻辑上，虽然有这些令人兴奋的发现，但后来几十年却无人继续研究，这是一种转折关系。
A. Despite（尽管）表示让步转折，符合“尽管有这些令人兴奋的初步发现，但遗址几十年无人问津”的逻辑。
B. Unlike（与…不同）用于比较两者不同，这里没有比较对象。
C. Besides（除了…还）表示递进，不符合转折含义。
D. Among（在…之中）表示范围，也不符合。
因此正确答案是 A. Despite。
13
解析：
第 13 题空格所在的句子是：
“______ the exciting initial finds, the site would lie ______ for decades before archaeologists would return.”
前半句说“尽管有了激动人心的初步发现”，后半句说“这个地方会保持 ______ 几十年，直到考古学家再次回来”。
- A. unchallenged（未受挑战的）—— 与考古遗址的语境不符，这里不是指挑战。
- B. unknown（未知的）—— 矛盾，因为 1967 年已经发现并初步调查过，不是未知。
- C. unorganized（无组织的）—— 不用于描述遗址的状态，且与上下文逻辑不搭。
- D. undisturbed（未受打扰的）—— 符合逻辑：虽然发现了，但之后几十年没有人去挖掘或干扰它，直到 2009 年考古学家才回来。
因此，正确答案是 D. undisturbed。
14
解析：
上下文逻辑
文章提到，1967 年 Nicholas Flemming 发现了 Pavlopetri 遗址，1968 年进行了初步测绘，但之后几十年“the site would lie … for decades before archaeologists would return”。这说明在 1968 年之后，考古工作暂停了很长时间，直到 2009 年才再次开始。动词辨析
- A. suspended（暂停）—— 如果他们已经暂停了发掘，就不符合“2009 年他们……”的语境，因为暂停是之前发生的事。
- B. transferred（转移）—— 没有提到转移发掘地点。
- C. resumed（恢复）—— 符合“中断后重新开始”的语境。
- D. canceled（取消）—— 如果取消了，就不会在 2009 年再次进行发掘。
句意判断
2009 年，两位考古学家与希腊文化部合作，重新开始了对 Pavlopetri 的发掘。
因此 C. resumed 正确。
15
解析：
第 15 题所在句子为：
Since the 1960s, underwater archaeology ______ and tools had made huge advances.
- A. policies（政策）—— 与“水下考古”的进步有关，但一般不说“政策和工具”取得巨大进步，政策是管理层面的，不是技术层面的。
- B. theories（理论）—— 理论可以进步，但“理论和工具”并列时，更常见的是“方法和技术”，这里强调考古实践中的具体操作手段。
- C. documents（文件）—— 与“工具”并列不合适，且不是推动考古调查技术进步的核心要素。
- D. techniques（技术）—— 与“tools”（工具）并列非常自然，指“技术和工具”都取得了巨大进步，符合水下考古在 20 世纪后期发展的实际情况。
结合上下文，这里说的是考古方法技术（如探测、测绘、挖掘等）与工具（如潜水设备、机器人、声呐等）的进步，因此 D. techniques 最合适。
16
解析：
上下文分析
第16题所在句子为：
“The team 16 robotics, sonar mapping, and state-of-the-art graphics to survey the site.”
这里描述的是考古队在调查遗址时使用了机器人技术、声纳测绘和先进图形技术。选项词义辨析
- A. ordered：命令；订购（不符合“使用工具”的语境）
- B. provided：提供（主语若是团队，逻辑上应是团队被提供设备，而不是团队提供设备给别人）
- C. employed：使用，利用（符合“使用技术/工具”的意思）
- D. adjusted：调整（与“技术手段”搭配不当，且上下文未提到调整设备）
逻辑与搭配
从语义上看，考古队是使用这些先进技术来勘察遗址，所以 employed 最贴切。
而且“employ + 工具/方法”是常见的正式书面表达，意为“采用、使用”。
因此正确答案是 C. employed。
17
好的，我们先看第 17 题的上下文。
原文：
From 2009 to 2013 they were able to bring the underwater town to ______.
四个选项：
A. effect
B. light
C. reality
D. mind
解析：
- bring to light 是一个固定搭配，意思是“使显露出来，揭示出来”，尤其用于指发现隐藏的、不为人知的事物。
- 这里说的是考古队通过新技术让这座水下城镇“显露”出来，即让它被世人所知、被详细测绘和研究。
- A 项 bring to effect 不是固定搭配，常用的是 bring into effect（使生效），不符合语境。
- C 项 bring to reality 不符合搭配，常用的是 bring to life（使生动）或 make reality（实现），但这里不是“实现”的意思。
- D 项 bring to mind（使想起），不符合文意。
因此，bring to light 最贴合“使水下城镇重见天日”的考古语境。
答案：B. light
18
解析：
第 18 题的句子是：
Pavlopetri’s three main roads ________ some 50 rectangular buildings, all of which had open courtyards.
四个选项：
A. crossed（穿过）
B. connected（连接）
C. blocked（阻挡）
D. altered（改变）
逻辑分析：
- 城市道路的功能是连接建筑物，而不是“穿过”建筑物（crossed 一般指道路交叉或穿过某区域，但这里主语是道路，宾语是建筑物，crossed buildings 不合理）。
- “connected” 表示“连接”，符合道路连接各处建筑物的语义。
- “blocked” 和 “altered” 与道路的正常功能不符，且上下文没有负面或改变的含义。
因此，B. connected 最符合句意：三条主要道路连接了大约 50 座矩形建筑。
正确答案：B
19
解析：
第 19 题空格前的句子是：
Excavations revealed a large number of Minoan - style loom weights, ___ Pavlopetri was a thriving trade center with a ___ textile industry.
这里的意思是：考古发现大量米诺斯风格的织机砣，这些发现暗示/表明Pavlopetri 是一个繁荣的贸易中心，并且有发达的纺织业。
- A. expecting（期望） → 不符合，因为考古发现是客观证据，不是主观期望。
- B. suggesting（表明，暗示） → 符合，指证据表明某个结论。
- C. predicting（预测） → 不符合，因为这是对过去事实的推断，不是对未来的预测。
- D. recalling（回忆） → 不符合，与考古发现的逻辑不符。
因此，正确答案是 B. suggesting。
20
解析：
上下文线索
前文提到“a large number of Minoan-style loom weights”（大量米诺斯风格的织机砣），说明纺织业规模很大、很发达。
“thriving trade center”（繁荣的贸易中心）也暗示这里的产业是兴旺的，而不是弱小或边缘的。词义辨析
- A. robust：强健的，兴旺的，有活力的 → 符合“繁荣的贸易中心”和“大量织机砣”所体现的发达纺织业。
- B. diverse：多样的 → 文中只提到纺织业，没有强调多样性。
- C. marginal：边缘的，不重要的 → 与文意相反。
- D. dependent：依赖的 → 逻辑不通，没有提到依赖外部。
逻辑与搭配
“a robust textile industry” 是常见的搭配，表示“兴旺的纺织业”，与考古发现的证据一致。
因此正确答案是 A. robust。
阅读理解
Part A
Directions
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
Text 1
The grammar school boy from Stratford - upon - Avon has landed a scholarly punch after ground - breaking research showed that Shakespeare does benefit children’s literacy and emotional development. But only if you act him out.
A study found that a “rehearsal room” approach to teaching Shakespeare broadened children’s vocabulary and the complexity of their writing as well as their emotional literacy. “The research shows that the way actors work makes a big difference to the way children use language and also how they think about themselves,” Jacqui O’Hanlon of the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), which commissioned the study, said.
The randomised control trial involved hundreds of year 5 pupils—aged nine and ten—at 45 state primary schools that had not been “previously exposed to RSC pedagogy”. They were split into target and control groups and asked to write, for example, a message in a bottle as Ferdinand after the shipwreck in The Tempest. The target group was given a 30 - minute drama - based activity to accompany the passage.
The peer - reviewed results showed that the target group of pupils drew on a wider vocabulary, used words “classed as more sophisticated or rarer”, and wrote at greater length. They also “appear to be more comfortable writing in role…while [control] group imagine how they themselves would react to being shipwrecked, [target] group put themselves in the shoes of a literary character and express that character’s emotion”.
The Time to Act study also found that while control pupils relied on “desert island clichés” such as palm trees, target pupils were “more expansive [giving] a broader picture of the sky, the sea and the atmospheric conditions”.
O’Hanlon said she had been most surprised by the “emotional literacy that was evident in the [target] children’s writing” and that they were “more resilient in their writing, more hopeful”. She added: “The emotional understanding was very evident and it is probably related to the [rehearsal room process] where you are used to trying to imagine your way through. They were comfortable in describing different emotional states and part of what you do in drama is put yourself in different shoes.” The study showed the importance of embedding the arts in education, she said.
But could the results be replicated with any old dramatist? O’Hanlon said more research would be needed but suggested that Shakespeare’s use of 20,000 words, compared with the everyday 2,000 words, gave a “massive expansion of language into children’s lives”, which was combined with children “using their whole bodies to bring words to life”.
21
The “rehearsal room” approach requires pupils to $\underline{\quad\quad}$.
解析：
题目问的是 “rehearsal room” 方法要求学生们做什么。
- 文章第二段提到 “rehearsal room” approach 是一种教学莎士比亚的方法，并且第三段举例说明：目标组学生被要求完成一项与戏剧段落相关的 30 分钟活动，比如扮演《暴风雨》中的 Ferdinand 在船难后写漂流瓶信息。
- 第四段进一步说明，目标组学生更擅长“代入角色写作”，他们把自己放在文学人物的位置上，表达角色的情感。
- 最后一段也提到，这种方法结合了“用整个身体让文字活起来”，即表演和扮演角色。
选项分析：
- A. rewrite the lines from Shakespeare（重写莎士比亚的台词）—— 文中强调的是“表演”和“代入角色”，不是重写。
- B. watch RSC actors’ performances（观看 RSC 演员的表演）—— 文中没有强调观看，而是强调学生自己参与表演。
- C. play the roles in Shakespeare（扮演莎士比亚中的角色）—— 与文中“act him out”、“put themselves in the shoes of a literary character”相符。
- D. study drama under RSC artists（在 RSC 艺术家指导下学习戏剧）—— 虽然研究是 RSC 委托的，但实验中的“rehearsal room”方法核心是学生自己扮演，不一定是直接由艺术家指导。
因此正确答案是 C。
22
The study divided the pupils into two groups to find whether $\underline{\quad\quad}$.
解析：
题目问的是“研究将学生分成两组，目的是为了发现______”。
从原文第三段和第四段可以看出：
- 研究采用了随机对照试验，将学生分为 target group（接受 RSC 戏剧教学法）和 control group（没有接受该教学法）。
- 两组学生完成相同的写作任务，但 target group 在写作前进行了 30 分钟的戏剧活动。
- 结果发现 target group 在词汇复杂度、写作长度、情感表达等方面都显著优于 control group。
这实际上是在测试教学方法的改变（即加入戏剧活动）是否对学习成果有促进作用。
选项 A “the change in instruction enhances learning outcomes”（教学方式的改变提升学习效果）准确概括了这一实验目的。
其他选项：
- B 说的是扩大词汇量对阅读流畅度的帮助，但研究重点不是阅读流畅度，而是写作与情感表达。
- C 说的是情绪对理解复杂作品的影响，但研究重点不是情绪如何影响理解，而是戏剧教学法如何影响写作与情感表达。
- D 说课堂活动激发对艺术的兴趣，但研究没有直接测量兴趣，而是测量了写作表现和情感表达。
因此正确答案是 A。
23
Control pupils’ reliance on “desert island clichés” shows their $\underline{\quad\quad}$.
解析：
题干问的是：对照组学生依赖“荒岛陈词滥调”表明了他们______。
原文提到：
The Time to Act study also found that while control pupils relied on “desert island clichés” such as palm trees, target pupils were “more expansive [giving] a broader picture of the sky, the sea and the atmospheric conditions”.
这里的“desert island clichés”指的是描写荒岛时只会用“棕榈树”这类老套、缺乏新意的表达，而实验组学生则能更丰富地描绘天空、海洋和氛围。
这说明对照组学生的描写能力较弱，词汇和表达比较局限、缺乏多样性。
选项分析：
- A. weakness in description（描写能力弱）—— 符合原文，因为他们只会用陈词滥调，描写不够丰富。
- B. omission of small details（忽略小细节）—— 原文强调的是描写内容老套，而不是忽略小细节。
- C. casual style of writing（随意的写作风格）—— 原文没有体现“随意”，而是词汇和表达单一。
- D. preference for big words（偏好大词）—— 与原文相反，他们用的反而是简单、常见的词汇。
因此正确答案是 A。
24
What can promote children’s emotional literacy according to O’Hanlon?
解析：
题目问的是根据 O’Hanlon 的观点，什么可以促进儿童的情感素养（emotional literacy）。
从文中可以找到相关线索：
- 在第四段提到，目标组的孩子“把自己置于文学角色的立场，并表达该角色的情感”（put themselves in the shoes of a literary character and express that character’s emotion）。
- 第六段 O’Hanlon 说：“情感理解非常明显，这可能与排练室过程有关，在那里你习惯于尝试想象自己的处境。他们能自如地描述不同的情绪状态，而在戏剧中你要做的部分就是把自己放在不同的立场上。”
这些信息表明，情感素养的提升与“代入文学角色”密切相关，也就是选项 B 所说的 Identifying with literary characters（与文学角色产生共鸣/认同）。
选项 A（以想象的方式写作）虽然也涉及想象，但文中强调的重点是“扮演角色”和“代入角色情感”，而不仅仅是想象写作。
选项 C（从自然中汲取灵感）和 D（专注于现实生活情境）与文中强调的戏剧排练方法不符。
因此正确答案是 B。
25
It can be inferred from the last paragraph that $\underline{\quad\quad}$.
解析：
题干要求从最后一段推断出正确选项。我们先看最后一段的内容：
But could the results be replicated with any old dramatist? O’Hanlon said more research would be needed but suggested that Shakespeare’s use of 20,000 words, compared with the everyday 2,000 words, gave a “massive expansion of language into children’s lives”, which was combined with children “using their whole bodies to bring words to life”.
这段话的意思是：
- 是否其他老剧作家也能产生同样效果？还需要更多研究。
- 但莎士比亚的语言使用了 2 万词汇（对比日常 2000 词），这能极大扩展儿童的语言输入。
- 同时配合全身表演，让词语活起来。
这里暗示莎士比亚的词汇量特别丰富，所以这种教学法可能在他身上效果最明显，而不是说其他剧作家完全不行，但莎士比亚有独特的语言优势。
选项分析：
- A. the new teaching method may work best with Shakespeare
符合原文暗示，因为莎士比亚词汇量远超日常，并且文中强调了他的语言对儿童语言发展的巨大帮助，所以推断可能在他身上效果最好。 - B. the language of Shakespeare may be formidable for pupils
文中没有说学生感到害怕或困难，反而强调他们能通过表演理解并运用。 - C. other old dramatists may be included in primary education
最后一段没有提到要把其他老剧作家纳入小学教育，只是说“需要更多研究”。 - D. pupils may be reluctant to work on other old dramatists
没有提到学生不愿意学习其他剧作家。
因此正确选项是 A。
Text 2
I was shocked to learn recently that some scientists want to scale back their research in an effort to decrease carbon emissions. The crisis is here, they said, and we need to cut back on our energy - intensive modelling. At the very least, we need to make our energy use far more sustainable.
It is unarguable that our laboratories, scientific instruments, rockets and satellites—the tools we scientists need to measure the planet’s pulse—demand significant amounts of energy both in their construction and operation. And it is equally true that science’s unrelenting appetite for information has caused a mushrooming of energy - intensive data centres around the world. According to the International Energy Agency, these buildings now consume about 1 per cent of the world’s electricity.
However, this is a price we must pay for understanding the world. How can we inform decision makers about the best ways to bring down carbon emissions if we can’t track the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, where it’s coming from and who’s producing it? The carbon emissions from technological research are well spent: ultimately this research will safeguard the future of our planet.
It can be hard for scientists to make the case because our work is complex, often takes place behind closed doors and does not always lend itself to easy interpretation or explanation. But demonstrating the efficacy of science will be crucial if we are to solve humanity’s greatest challenges.
Recognising the hope that science and engineering can bring was the impetus behind the creation of the Millennium Technology Prize, which is now entering its 20th year as a celebration of human ingenuity. One of the past winners, Professor Martin Green from the University of New South Wales, Australia, is the inventor of the Passivated Emitter and Rear Cell technology which is now found in most of the world’s solar panels. Thanks to his invention, we have a real chance to decrease the world’s carbon emissions.
Every day, scientists, technologists and engineers are discovering new ways to exploit renewable energy sources and develop techniques not just to use power more intelligently but to power our intelligence. A great example of this is Europe’s largest supercomputer, LUMI in Finland, which is astonishingly carbon - negative. Established in an old paper mill, it is powered by a nearby river and its remote heat warms the people who live in the surrounding town of Kajaani.
If the world is to meet its net - zero ambitions, we must think hard about how we can deliver sustainable computing and deliver more LUMIs.
26
The author expressed great surprise at some scientists’ $\underline{\quad\quad}$.
解析：
题目问作者对某些科学家的什么行为表示惊讶。
文章第一句：
I was shocked to learn recently that some scientists want to scale back their research in an effort to decrease carbon emissions.
其中：
- shocked 对应题目中的 surprise
- scale back their research 意思是“减少/缩减他们的研究”
- 目的是为了减少碳排放
四个选项：
A. unwillingness to cut carbon emissions → 不愿意减少碳排放（与原文相反，他们是愿意减排才缩减研究）
B. intention to reduce their research → 缩减研究的意图（与原文一致）
C. suspicions about sustainable energy → 对可持续能源的怀疑（未提及）
D. waste of electricity in their projects → 项目中的电力浪费（未提及）
因此正确答案是 B。
27
The author believes that carbon emissions from research $\underline{\quad\quad}$.
解析：
题干关键信息
- 题干问：作者认为科研产生的碳排放是______。
- 原文定位在第三段，尤其是 “The carbon emissions from technological research are well spent: ultimately this research will safeguard the future of our planet.”（科技研究产生的碳排放是值得的，因为最终这些研究将保护地球的未来）。
选项分析
- A. have caused grave consequences（已造成严重后果）
文中作者并未强调科研碳排放已造成严重后果，而是承认其存在但认为值得。 - B. have aroused groundless worries（引起无根据的担忧）
作者没有说这些担忧是无根据的，而是承认有碳排放问题，但认为这是必要的代价。 - C. are hard to handle at present（目前难以处理）
文中没有强调“难以处理”，而是强调其价值。 - D. are justifiable in the long run（长远来看是合理的）
与原文“well spent”“ultimately…safeguard…”对应，即虽然现在有碳排放，但长远看是合理的。
- A. have caused grave consequences（已造成严重后果）
结论
作者的观点是：科研碳排放是必要的代价，因为最终有助于解决气候变化等问题，因此 D 正确。
答案：D
28
The example of Green in Paragraph 5 is used to illustrate $\underline{\quad\quad}$.
解析：
题干定位：题目问的是第五段中 Green 的例子被用来说明什么。
第五段开头说：“Recognising the hope that science and engineering can bring was the impetus behind the creation of the Millennium Technology Prize…”（认识到科学和工程能带来的希望，是设立千年技术奖的动力）。
接着举了 Martin Green 的例子，他发明了 PERC 太阳能电池技术，这项技术如今被广泛用于全球大多数太阳能电池板，使人类有机会减少碳排放。例子与论点关系：
- 该段主题句强调科学和工程能带来希望，即科学努力能产生实际、积极的影响。
- Green 的例子表明，科学研究（如他的太阳能技术）带来了实际的环保成果，这是对科学努力的回报。
- 选项 C “the rewards of scientific endeavours”（科学努力的回报）与此完全对应。
排除其他选项：
- A “伟大科学家的成就”：虽然 Green 确实有成就，但段落的重点不是表彰个人，而是说明科学努力带来的实际价值。
- B “应对气候变化的紧迫性”：文中并未用此例强调“紧迫”，而是强调科学带来的解决方案。
- D “培养人类创造力的价值”：原文确实提到该奖项是庆祝人类创造力，但 Green 的例子更具体地展示了科学努力的实际成果，而不仅仅是“培养创造力”这一过程。
结论：该例子是为了说明科学努力会带来实际回报（如减少碳排放的技术），因此正确答案是 C。
29
It can be learned from the last two paragraphs that LUMI $\underline{\quad\quad}$.
解析：
题目要求从最后两段推断关于 LUMI 的信息。
最后两段关键信息：
- 第5段提到科学家和工程师在开发可再生能源利用的新方法，并举例 LUMI 是欧洲最大的超级计算机，碳足迹为负。
- LUMI 建在旧造纸厂，由附近河流供电，余热为周围城镇供暖。
- 作者在最后一句说，要实现净零排放，必须“提供更多 LUMI”，说明 LUMI 是可持续计算的典范。
选项分析：
- A. is a model of sustainability efforts（是可持续努力的典范） → 与原文“deliver more LUMIs”及对其描述一致，正确。
- B. is a triumph against energy shortage（是战胜能源短缺的胜利） → 原文重点在“碳负排放”和可持续，不是能源短缺，不准确。
- C. owes much to global net-zero initiatives（很大程度上归功于全球净零倡议） → 文中未提及 LUMI 的建成归因于全球净零倡议，无依据。
- D. aims to explore the power of intelligence（旨在探索智能的力量） → 原文提到“power our intelligence”是指用能源支持我们的智能（计算），不是该超级计算机的目标，而是其功能的一部分，但 LUMI 本身是作为可持续计算例子出现的，并非为了探索智能。
因此正确答案是 A。
30
Which of the following statements would the author agree with? $\underline{\quad\quad}$
解析：
文章主旨
作者在文中明确反驳了“因碳排放问题而缩减科研”的观点，认为虽然科学研究（如实验室、超级计算机等）消耗大量能源，但这是理解世界、解决气候危机所必需的代价。关键段落与语句
- 第三段首句：“However, this is a price we must pay for understanding the world.”
- 第三段结尾：“The carbon emissions from technological research are well spent: ultimately this research will safeguard the future of our planet.”
这些都表明作者认为能源密集型研究是不可避免且必要的。
选项分析
- A：文中未提及“无排放建模需要额外资金”，属于无中生有。
- B：文中提到超级计算机 LUMI 是成功的低碳案例，说明需求可以实现，并非难以满足。
- C：与作者观点一致，即能源密集型研究是不可避免的（inevitable）。
- D：文中未讨论研究人员的目标是否现实，属于无关信息。
结论
作者认为为了理解世界并解决气候危机，能源密集型研究是必须付出的代价，因此 C 正确。
答案：C
Text 3
Ever since taking on Netflix Inc. at its own game, old Hollywood has struggled to turn a profit in streaming, with the likes of Disney+, Peacock and Paramount+ losing billions of dollars each year, sparking concerns on Wall Street that the services will never be as profitable as cable once was. But the age of streaming has been a boon for some unintended winners: pirates that use software to rip a film or television show in seconds from legitimate online video platforms and host the titles on their own, illegitimate services, which rake in about $2 billion annually from ads and subscriptions.
With no video production costs, illegal streaming sites have achieved profit margins approaching 90%, according to the Motion Picture Association (MPA), a trade group representing Hollywood studios that’s working to crack down on the thousands of illegal platforms that have cropped up in recent years.
Initially the rise of legitimate online businesses such as Netflix actually helped curb digital piracy, which had largely been based on file uploads. But now piracy involving illegal streaming services as well as file - sharing costs the US economy about $30 billion in lost revenue a year and some 250,000 jobs, estimates the US Chamber of Commerce’s Global Innovation Policy Center. The global impact is about $71 billion annually.
“The people who are stealing our movies and our television shows and operating piracy sites are not mom and pop operations,” says Charlie Rivkin, chief executive officer of the MPA. “This is organized crime.” Rivkin joined the MPA in 2017 after the organization failed five years earlier to build consensus between Hollywood and Silicon Valley to win passage of legislation in Congress aimed at stopping online piracy. In 2017 the association formed the Alliance for Creativity and Entertainment (ACE), an enforcement task force of about 100 detectives circling the globe to help local authorities arrest streaming pirates.
ACE says it’s helped shrink the number of illegal streaming services in North America to 126, from more than 1,400 in 2018, aided in part by the MPA’s support for a 2020 federal law that made large - scale streaming of copyrighted material a serious crime.
Consulting firm Parks Associates predicts that legitimate US streaming services’ cumulative loss from piracy since 2022 will reach $113 billion in the next two years. “While there is some optimism that emerging countermeasures and best practices may see piracy begin to plateau by 2027, there is no consensus among stakeholders as to when it may begin to decline,” says analyst Steve Hawley.
31
According to Paragraph 1, legitimate streaming services $\underline{\quad\quad}$.
解析：
第一段的主要内容是：
- 传统好莱坞公司（如 Disney+、Peacock、Paramount+）在流媒体业务上亏损严重，华尔街担心它们无法像有线电视那样盈利。
- 与此同时，盗版流媒体网站却因此受益，它们从合法平台盗取内容，通过广告和订阅年收入约 20 亿美元。
题目问的是 legitimate streaming services（合法流媒体服务） 的情况。
A 项 “从好莱坞吸取了教训”——文中未提及。
B 项 “收入超过有线电视”——与原文相反，原文说它们可能永远不如有线电视盈利。
C 项 “不受广告商欢迎”——文中未提及广告商对合法流媒体的态度。
D 项 “面临一个真正的威胁”——符合文意，因为盗版网站抢走了它们的收入和用户，构成威胁。
因此正确答案是 D。
32
It can be learned that streamers like Netflix $\underline{\quad\quad}$.
解析：
题目问的是：从文中可以得知，像 Netflix 这样的流媒体平台______。
我们来看四个选项：
A. played a part in the fight against illegal file-sharing
（在打击非法文件共享方面发挥了作用）B. reaped benefits from the war with digital pirates
（从与数字盗版的斗争中获益）C. promised to become big job creators in the US
（有望成为美国的大型就业创造者）D. used to collaborate with file-uploading platforms
（曾与文件上传平台合作）
定位原文信息：
Initially the rise of legitimate online businesses such as Netflix actually helped curb digital piracy, which had largely been based on file uploads.
这句话明确说明：像 Netflix 这样的合法在线企业的兴起，最初实际上帮助遏制了数字盗版，而那时的盗版主要基于文件上传。
也就是说，Netflix 这类平台通过提供合法、便捷的流媒体服务，减少了人们通过文件上传方式进行的盗版行为，因此它们在打击非法文件共享方面发挥了作用。
逐一排除其他选项：
- B：文中并未说 Netflix 从与盗版斗争中获益，反而提到合法流媒体因盗版损失巨大。
- C：文中提到盗版导致美国损失大量就业，但并未说 Netflix 等平台承诺成为大型就业创造者。
- D：文中没有说 Netflix 曾与文件上传平台合作，相反它们属于合法平台，与盗版是对立的。
因此正确答案是 A。
33
It can be inferred from Paragraph 4 that the MPA $\underline{\quad\quad}$.
解析：
第 4 段提到：
Rivkin joined the MPA in 2017 after the organization failed five years earlier to build consensus between Hollywood and Silicon Valley to win passage of legislation in Congress aimed at stopping online piracy.
这句话的意思是：
MPA 在 2017 年之前五年（即 2012 年左右）未能让好莱坞和硅谷达成共识，从而未能推动国会通过反网络盗版法案。
这暗示了 Silicon Valley 当时没有配合合作，因此 MPA 在立法上失败了。
选项分析：
- A. was denied cooperation by Silicon Valley（被硅谷拒绝合作） → 与原文“未能达成共识”对应，可以合理推断出硅谷方面没有给予合作。
- B. led a national protest against online piracy → 原文未提及“全国抗议”。
- C. was urged to form an enforcement task force → ACE 是在 2017 年成立的，但文中未说是外界敦促成立的，而是 MPA 自己的行动。
- D. failed to win support from local authorities → 文中提到 ACE 帮助地方当局抓捕盗版者，说明地方当局是合作的，所以此项与原文相反。
因此正确选项是 A。
34
According to Hawley, digital piracy $\underline{\quad\quad}$.
我们先定位原文中 Hawley 的评论。
原文最后一段：
“While there is some optimism that emerging countermeasures and best practices may see piracy begin to plateau by 2027, there is no consensus among stakeholders as to when it may begin to decline,” says analyst Steve Hawley.
这句话的意思是：
- 虽然有乐观看法认为反盗版措施可能让盗版在 2027 年前进入平台期（不再增长），
- 但利益相关者对于盗版何时开始减少没有共识。
也就是说，近期内盗版不太可能减少，因为“何时开始下降”没有共识，意味着短期内（near future）不会下降。
选项分析：
A. cannot be checked in spite of new legislation
→ 文中提到 2020 年法律和 ACE 的行动已经使北美盗版网站数量大幅减少，说明立法有一定效果，所以“无法遏制”太绝对，不符合 Hawley 的话。
B. will possibly overwhelm legitimate streamers
→ 文中没有说盗版会压倒合法流媒体，只提到盗版造成损失，但没有压倒的趋势预测。
C. is unlikely to diminish in the near future
→ 对应“没有共识何时开始下降”，即近期不太可能减少，正确。
D. has been underestimated by some analysts
→ 文中没有提到分析师低估盗版问题。
答案：C
35
Which of the following is emphasized in the text? $\underline{\quad\quad}$
让我们先梳理文章的核心内容，再分析选项。
文章结构分析：
- 开头：传统好莱坞公司在流媒体上亏损，而盗版网站却因此受益，年收入约 20 亿美元。
- 接着：盗版网站的利润率接近 90%，给美国经济造成约 300 亿美元的收入损失和 25 万工作岗位损失。
- 然后：MPA 指出这是有组织犯罪，并成立了 ACE 来打击盗版。
- 最后：预测合法流媒体因盗版在未来两年累计损失将达 1130 亿美元，且尚无共识何时能下降。
题目问： 文章中强调了以下哪一项？
A. 协调反盗版行动的必要性
文章提到 ACE 的成立和行动，但这不是全文最强调的点，更多是在描述现状和损失之后提到的一个应对措施。B. 侵犯版权的犯罪性质
虽然 MPA 负责人说“这是有组织犯罪”，但这是为了说明盗版的严重性，不是全文核心强调的内容。C. 消除网络盗版的前景
文章最后说“没有共识认为盗版何时会下降”，所以并没有强调消除盗版的前景。D. 非法流媒体造成的经济损失
文章多次提到具体数字：盗版网站年收入 20 亿美元、美国年损失 300 亿美元、全球 710 亿美元、未来两年累计 1130 亿美元损失等，这些数据反复突出经济损失是文章的重点。
因此正确答案是 D，文章主要强调非法流媒体对经济造成的巨大损失。
Text 4
Visit any antiques store and you’ll encounter artifacts from the past: photographs, letters, a brochure detailing the Sinclair dinosaur exhibit from the 1964 - 1965 World’s Fair, the ephemera of history. Yet these objects aren’t truly ephemeral, because they’re still here, decades, even centuries later. Why? Because they’re tangible.
Have you pondered the life cycle of intangible formats, digital information, given that those who produce these artifacts seldom make provision for their long - term preservation? For millennia, we’ve known what we’ve known due to artifacts that have survived, often despite their original creators’ neglect. The thing itself is the medium that delivers the information. At the time of creation, no attempts were made at intentional preservation, yet analog materials have a chance of surviving and serving as the historical record that biographers, historians, and novelists rely on. Libraries and archives have traditionally shouldered the responsibility of organization, preservation, and access to information. One of S.R. Ranganathan’s foundational Laws of Library Science is “Save the time of the reader.” Thus, librarians digitize the tangible so that researchers the world over can quickly search and access their holdings. The result is an embarrassment of historical riches, which brings its own needle - and - haystack problems.
Librarians’ selfless devotion can act against us when users point to universality of access by holding up a cellphone and saying, “it’s all in here” as evidence that libraries are less vital for researchers today. Yet how was that universality of access made possible and, perhaps more importantly, how is it maintained? Who curates what is preserved? When it comes to born - digital information, the terrifying answer can be: if not librarians and archivists, then no one. Digital information requires a great deal more care than analog.
Even when a digital object is preserved, it may only be the carrier that’s saved, not the information itself. As technology advances and a format becomes obsolete, the object is useless. Have you ever stared helplessly at a ZIP disk, thinking: how do I get the files off this? Without constant migration of digital assets, a nightmare about the foreseeable future is what keeps historians up at night: a historical record that abruptly stops when digital replaces analog.
As a librarian whose day job revolves around special collections and digital assets, I share the night terrors of historians, and I’d be lying if I said a comprehensive preservation solution currently exists. Yet researchers can take some comfort in the fact that there are a multitude of librarians devoted to discovering, organizing, and preserving digital information for researchers current and future. Librarians are uniquely positioned to understand how end users seek and use information. Thus we play an integral role in identifying, preserving, and providing accessibility to digital artifacts so that, while future researchers may find the digital realm a challenging place to ply their trade, they won’t find it an impossible one.
36
The author mentions the artifacts from the past to $\underline{\quad\quad}$.
解析：
文章开头的作用
文章第一段提到古董店里的旧物（如照片、信件、展览手册等）虽然来自过去，但因为是实物（tangible），所以能够保存至今。
这里并不是为了介绍古董本身（A），也不是为了评论它们的历史价值（D），而是为了引出这些实物之所以能保存下来，是因为它们有物质载体。引出核心问题
第二段开头用了一个问题过渡：Have you pondered the life cycle of intangible formats, digital information…
意思是“你是否思考过数字信息这类无形格式的生命周期？”
这说明作者提到过去的实物，是为了对比数字信息难以长期保存的问题，从而引出保存（preservation） 这一议题。与选项对应
- A 项“介绍古董的到来” → 太表面，不是主旨。
- B 项“与日常物品对比” → 文中没有强调“日常物品”。
- C 项“引出保存问题” → 符合从实物保存过渡到数字保存困境的逻辑。
- D 项“评论其历史价值” → 文中未深入讨论历史价值。
因此，作者提到过去的文物，是为了引出数字时代信息保存的难题，答案是 C。
37
Compared with digital objects, tangible artifacts $\underline{\quad\quad}$.
解析：
题干问的是“与数字对象相比，实物文物（tangible artifacts）……”，即要找出实物文物相对于数字对象的优势或特点。
1. 定位原文关键信息
- 第一段提到实物文物（如照片、信件等）虽然看似短暂（ephemera），但因为它们是有形的（tangible），所以几十年甚至几百年后仍然存在。
- 第二段提到：“The thing itself is the medium that delivers the information.”（物体本身就是传递信息的媒介。）
- 第三、四段则说明数字信息需要持续维护、迁移，否则会因技术过时无法读取，而模拟材料（analog materials）即使没有刻意保存也有机会留存下来。
2. 选项分析
A. are less subject to their creators’ neglect（更少受到创造者忽视的影响）
- 原文第二段说“At the time of creation, no attempts were made at intentional preservation, yet analog materials have a chance of surviving…”，说明实物文物也常被创造者忽视，但仍有留存可能。但这不是与数字对象相比的核心差异，数字对象同样可能被忽视，但后果更严重。
B. convey information in a more direct way（以更直接的方式传递信息）
- 原文说“物体本身就是传递信息的媒介”，即实物文物不需要依赖特定技术设备来读取，信息直接存在于物体上，而数字对象需要软硬件才能读取，因此更直接。
C. require more intentional preservation（需要更多的刻意保存）
- 与原文相反，数字对象才需要更多刻意保存（迁移、格式更新等）。
D. are less likely to suffer serious damage（更不容易遭受严重损坏）
- 原文没有直接比较损坏概率，而是强调数字对象一旦损坏或过时就完全无法读取，而实物文物即使损坏也可能部分保留信息。但“更不容易遭受严重损坏”不是原文明确比较的重点。
3. 确定答案
原文强调实物文物本身就是信息的媒介，不需要依赖技术解码，因此信息传递更直接，对应 B 选项。
38
According to Paragraph 3, librarians’ work may result in $\underline{\quad\quad}$.
解析：
第 3 段提到，图书馆员通过数字化使全球研究者能快速检索和获取馆藏，这带来了“历史资源的窘境”（an embarrassment of historical riches），但也带来了“大海捞针”的问题。接着，作者指出，这种“普遍获取”的便利性，反而让用户错误地认为图书馆在今天对研究者不那么重要了——他们拿着手机说“一切都在这里了”。
也就是说，图书馆员的努力（使资料数字化并易于获取）反而导致用户低估图书馆的价值，因为他们误以为信息本来就随处可得，而忽视了图书馆在背后所做的保存与整理工作。
因此，正确选项是 B. undervaluation of libraries。
39
The “ZIP disk” is cited as an example to show $\underline{\quad\quad}$.
解析：
定位例子上下文
原文提到 ZIP 磁盘是在讨论数字信息保存的脆弱性时出现的。前面说：“Even when a digital object is preserved, it may only be the carrier that’s saved, not the information itself. As technology advances and a format becomes obsolete, the object is useless.”
然后才举 ZIP disk 的例子：“Have you ever stared helplessly at a ZIP disk, thinking: how do I get the files off this?”例子说明的问题
ZIP 磁盘是一种已经过时的存储介质，虽然磁盘本身还在，但如果没有对应的驱动器或软件，里面的信息就无法读取。
这说明：即使载体保存完好，如果格式过时，信息仍可能丢失。选项分析
- A 选项：提到“通过不寻常手段获取文件的困难”，但这只是表面现象，不是作者举例的根本目的。
- B 选项：“不断迁移数字资产的不可行性”，原文强调必须不断迁移（constant migration），否则会有噩梦，但并没有说不可行，只是说如果不做就会出问题。
- C 选项：“过时格式中丢失信息的可能性”，这正是 ZIP 磁盘例子要说明的核心——格式过时导致信息无法读取，即信息丢失的风险。
- D 选项：“在模拟设备上存储信息的不便”，ZIP 磁盘是数字设备，不是模拟设备，所以错误。
因此正确答案是 C，它准确概括了作者举 ZIP 磁盘例子所要说明的数字信息保存风险。
40
Which of the following statements best summarizes the text? $\underline{\quad\quad}$
好的，我们一步步分析。
1. 文章主旨梳理
- 开头提到实体文物（如照片、信件）容易保存，因为是有形的。
- 接着引出数字信息的保存问题：生产这些数字内容的人很少考虑长期保存。
- 传统上，图书馆和档案馆负责保存和提供访问，但数字信息需要更多主动维护。
- 数字信息不仅可能丢失，还可能因为格式过时而无法读取（如 ZIP 磁盘的例子）。
- 作者作为图书馆员，指出目前没有完美的数字保存方案，但图书馆员正在努力应对这一挑战。
2. 选项分析
A. Hard work should be done to preserve artifacts.
范围太宽，“artifacts” 既包括实体也包括数字，但文章重点在数字保存的挑战，而不是泛泛说“要努力保存文物”。B. Contributions of librarians should be recognized.
虽然文中提到图书馆员的作用，但这是支持主旨的细节，不是核心总结。C. Accessing databases is essential to researchers.
文章没有强调“访问数据库”对研究者的重要性，而是强调数字保存的困难。D. Keeping digital historical records is a challenge.
这直接对应文中反复强调的数字信息易丢失、格式过时、需要持续迁移等核心问题，是全文最准确的总结。
3. 结论
文章主要讨论数字历史记录的保存难题，因此 D 选项最符合。
最终答案：
Part B
Directions
The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For questions 41 - 45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A - H and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraph A, C and H have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
41-45
A. Peters likes to photograph butterflies in a landscape, celebrating the beauty of their surroundings as well as the insects themselves. His pictures of a Glanville fritillary rising from the sea - pinks beside the chalk cliffs of Compton Bay on the Isle of Wight are particularly glorious. These take - off shots are even more challenging because they require a wide - angle lens, which means he must be less than 2cm from the butterfly. It’s incredibly difficult to get that close to a skittish, sun - warmed insect. Unlike some photographers, who “cheat” by keeping insects in a fridge to slow them down, Peters refuses to tamper with wild butterflies.
B. Peters’ signature shot is a butterfly “take - off”, showing the multiple wing - beats of one butterfly in one frame as it lifts off from a flower. How does he capture it? Technology helps. A typical digital SLR camera shoots 20 frames a second. He uses a high - speed OM System which shoots 120 frames a second.
C. Britain has relatively few butterfly species compared with mainland Europe and 80% are in decline, mostly because intensive chemical farming has reduced many species to tiny fragments of habitat and small nature reserves. Global heating is benefiting some species but others are too isolated to find suitable new habitat, and gardening habits—paving over gardens and using pesticides—aren’t helping either. Butterflies may not pollinate as many plants as wild bees and hoverflies, but because British butterflies are the best - studied group of insects in the world, they are an extremely useful indicator of the wider declines in flying insects.
D. Five years ago, at summer’s end, Andrew Fusek Peters was diagnosed with bowel cancer. “I was waiting for surgery, feeling really ill, sitting in my garden. It was amazing weather and there were painted lady butterflies everywhere,” he says. “They were a symbol of fragile life, of hope and defiance, and something appealed to my soul.”
E. That makes it sound easy, and artificial, but Peters insists it is still a massive challenge. He typically takes between 10,000 and 20,000 shots to get one butterfly take - off sequence in focus. At such high shutter speeds, the depth of field is tiny, and as butterflies do not fly in a straight line they swiftly flutter out of focus. As well as thousands of attempts, it takes patience and fieldcraft to anticipate a butterfly’s likely flight - line—and catch it—in focus.
F. So what’s the appeal of a long, sweaty day in pursuit of an elusive, fast - moving wild animal? “It just feels bloody brilliant,” says Peters. “If I’ve had a full day of good encounters with butterflies, met interesting butterfly people and I’ve got some good shots, that becomes a vault in my spiritual bank. It’s a happy feeling.”
G. A children’s author and poet who had become a keen amateur photographer, Peters watched the butterflies and idly wondered if he could capture them in flight. It swiftly became an obsession as he recovered from a successful operation to remove the cancer. In recent summers, he has travelled the length and breadth of Britain to photograph all 58 native species of butterfly. Now the fruits of those summers have been published in a beautiful new book.
H. A butterfly takes off so quickly it is still impossible to react quickly enough to capture that take - off but if he half - presses the shutter, the camera saves the 70 previous frames before the moment he actually takes the picture. “It’s time travel, so I don’t miss the moment of take - off,” he says. After he’s captured the butterfly taking off, he layers 10 to 15 frames together in Photoshop.
41 ________ → 42 ________ → C → 43 ________ → H → 44 ________ → A → 45 ________
Part C
Directions
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
46-50
Innovation and research have relied on public participation in science for centuries. It was a musician who discovered the planet Uranus in the 18th century by making his own telescope with mirrors composed of copper and tin. (46) Recent decades have seen science move into a convention where engagement in the subject can only be done through institutions such as a university. Citizen science provides an opportunity for greater public engagement and the democratisation of science.
In the information era, large data sets, small teams and financial restrictions have slowed scientific process. (47) But by utilising the natural curiosity of the general public it is possible to overcome many of these challenges by engaging non-scientists directly in the research process. Anyone can be a citizen scientist, regardless of age, nationality or academic experience. You don’t even need any formal training, just an inquisitive mind and the enthusiasm to join one of the thousands of citizen science projects to generate new knowledge and the means to understand a genuine scientific outcome.
(48) Scientists have employed a variety of ways to engage the general public in their research, such as making data analysis into an online game or sample collection into a smartphone application. They’ve implored citizen scientists to help with bug counting and image categorizing cancer cells, and even identifying distant galaxies.
This form of accessible science means that great minds are able to join the race to create and develop projects with the potential to change the world. A citizen science-based approach can extend the field of vision and include more ideas and different brains to problem-solve and create, making innovation faster and more effective.
The rise of citizen science has grown alongside the rise of do-it-yourself biology laboratories around the world. (49) These groups of people are part of a rapidly expanding biotechnological social movement of citizen scientists and professional scientists seeking to take discovery out of institutions and put it into the hands of anyone with the enthusiasm.
There are around 40 official do-it-yourself biology centres across the globe in locations including Paris, London, Sydney, and Tel Aviv. (50) They pool resources, collaborate, think outside the box, and find solutions and ways around obstacles to explore science for the sake of science without the traditional boundaries of working inside a formal setting. So is it time to take the Petri dish out of the laboratory and into the garage?
写作
Part A
51
Directions
Read the following email from your classmate Paul and write him a reply.
Dear Li Ming,
I was really excited to hear that you’d invite some young craftsmen to demonstrate their innovative craft - making on campus. May I know more about what they’ll show? Also, I’d like to help with your preparation work. Please let me know what I can do.
Yours,
Paul
Write your answer in about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not use your own name in the email; use “Li Ming” instead. (10 points)
Part B
52
Directions
Write an essay based on the table below. In your essay, you should
describe the table briefly,
interpret the table, and
give your comments.
Write your essay in 160 - 200 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)
近年来全国居民平均每百户年末主要耐用消费品拥有量
