2015 年真题

选择题答案速对
No.AnsNo.AnsNo.AnsNo.AnsNo.Ans
1A2D3B4A5C
6B7A8D9C10B
11A12C13C14D15C
16D17A18B19D20B
21A22B23B24C25D
26C27C28C29B30D
31D32A33D34A35B
36B37C38A39D40A

完形填空

Directions

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)

Text

In our contemporary culture,the prospect of communicating with– or even looking at–a stranger is virtually unbearable. Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle with their phones,even without a underground.

It’s a sad reality – our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings – because there’s to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you. But you wouldn’t know it, into your phone.This universal armor sends the :“Please don’t approach me.”

What is it that makes us feel we need to hide our screens?

One answer is fear,according to Jon Wortmann, executive mental coach. We fear rejection, or that our innocent social advances will be as “creepy,".We fear we'11 be .We fear we'11 be disruptive. Strangers are inherently to us, so we are more likely to feel when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances.To avoid this anxiety, we to our phones. “Phones become our security blanket,“Wortmann says.“They are our happy glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more .”

But once we rip off the bandaid, tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up, it doesn’t so bad.In one 2011 experiment,behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable: Start a .They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow .“When Dr.Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to how they would feel after talking to a stranger,the commuters thought their would be more pleasant if they sat on their own,” the New York Times summarizes. Though the participants didn’t expect a positive experience,after they with the experiment,“not a single person reported having been snubbed.

1
正确答案:A

解析:

  1. 语境分析
    第一段提到“我们周围的人都通过玩手机来避免与他人交流”,空格所在部分为“even without a ___ underground”,意思是“即使在地铁上没有 ___ 时也是如此”。这里的“underground”指的是地铁(英式英语用法)。

  2. 逻辑与搭配
    地铁上通常会有手机信号(signal),但这里说“即使没有信号”,人们仍然在玩手机,强调这种行为已经成了一种习惯,甚至在没有信号的情况下也不放下手机。

    • A. signal(信号)符合语境。
    • B. permit(许可)、C. ticket(票)、D. record(记录)均与“玩手机”这一行为无直接逻辑关系。
  3. 句意验证
    “即使在地铁上没有信号时,人们也在摆弄手机” → 强调对手机的依赖已经不受客观条件限制。

因此正确答案是 A. signal。

2
正确答案:D

解析:

  1. 上下文逻辑
    空格所在句为:

    It’s a sad reality … because there’s ______ to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you.
    这里“sad reality”指的是人们避免与陌生人交流,而破折号之间的插入语进一步说明这种回避是“令人遗憾的”,因为与陌生人交谈其实是有益的
    所以空格处应表示 “有很多可以获得的益处”

  2. 选项分析

    • A. nothing(没有东西)→ 与文意相反
    • B. little(几乎没有)→ 否定含义,不符合逻辑
    • C. another(另一个)→ 语法上需要可数名词单数,而 to be gained 是抽象好处,不适用
    • D. much(很多)→ 表示抽象的好处很多,符合文意
  3. 结论
    只有 much 能表达“从与陌生人交谈中可以收获很多”的意思,与上文的“sad reality”形成因果逻辑。

答案:D

3
正确答案:B

解析:

第 3 题所在的句子是:

But you wouldn’t know it, $\underline{\quad3\quad}$ into your phone.

这里描述的是人们低头看手机、沉浸于手机世界的行为。

  • A. beaten(被打败)→ 不符合语境,没有“被打进手机”这种合理搭配。
  • B. plugged → “plug into” 是一个固定短语,可以表示“插入电源”,也可以比喻“沉浸于、专注于”,如 “plugged into the digital world”。这里用 “plugged into your phone” 形象地表示“沉浸在手机里”,符合上下文。
  • C. guided(被引导)→ “guided into your phone” 不自然,没有常见搭配。
  • D. brought(被带来)→ “brought into your phone” 不符合逻辑。

因此,最符合文意的是 B. plugged,表示人们埋头于手机中,从而不知道与陌生人交谈的好处。

4
正确答案:A

解析:

第 4 题所在的句子为:

This universal armor sends the ______: “Please don’t approach me.”

分析:

  1. 上下文含义:这里的 “universal armor” 指的是手机,人们通过玩手机发出一种信号或信息,内容是 “请不要靠近我”。
  2. 动词搭配:send the message 是常见搭配,意为“传递信息/信号”。
  3. 选项辨析
    • A. message(信息)—— 符合语境,与后面的直接引语内容对应。
    • B. cede(割让,放弃)—— 词性为动词,不符合句子结构(前面是 sends the ___,需要名词)。
    • C. notice(通知,注意)—— 虽然可作名词,但 send a notice 多用于正式通知,不如 message 贴合日常社交暗示。
    • D. sign(标志,迹象)—— 可以搭配,但不如 message 直接对应“传递信息”的常用表达。

因此,最佳答案是 A. message,既符合搭配,也准确表达“用行为传递信息”的意思。

5
正确答案:C

解析:

第 5 题题干为:
What is it that makes us feel we need to hide $\underline{\quad5\quad}$ our screens?

选项:
A. under
B. beyond
C. behind
D. from


1. 句意理解
这句话在问:是什么让我们觉得需要躲在屏幕后面?
“hide behind something” 是一个固定搭配,表示“躲在某物后面”,既有字面意义(如躲在门后),也有比喻意义(如躲在借口、工具后面)。


2. 语境分析
前文提到人们通过玩手机避免和陌生人交流,手机就像一副“universal armor”(通用盔甲),所以这里说“躲在屏幕后面”符合比喻用法——屏幕是保护我们、隔开他人的屏障。


3. 选项辨析

  • A. under(在…下面)—— 一般用于物理位置,如 hide under the table,但屏幕不是我们藏在“下方”的东西。
  • B. beyond(超出)—— 不符合“躲藏”的搭配。
  • C. behind(在…后面)—— 固定搭配 hide behind,且符合“屏幕作为遮挡”的意象。
  • D. from(从…躲开)—— 要说 hide from someone/something,后面接躲避的对象,而不是工具或屏障。

4. 结论
只有 C. behind 在搭配和语义上都正确,表示“躲在手机屏幕后面”来避免社交。


答案:C

6
正确答案:B

解析:

第 6 题所在句子为:

We fear rejection, or that our innocent social advances will be $\underline{\quad6\quad}$ as “creepy”.

1. 句意理解
这句话的意思是:我们害怕被拒绝,或者害怕我们善意的社交举动会被 ______ 为“令人毛骨悚然的”。
这里需要一个表示“被误解”“被曲解”的词,因为“innocent social advances”(无辜的社交接近)本身并不是恶意的,但可能被别人错误理解。

2. 选项分析

  • A. misapplied:被误用(一般用于方法、规则、资金等,不用于“行为被理解为 creepy”)
  • B. misinterpret:被误解(含义贴合:把善意行为解释成 creepy)
  • C. misadjusted:被错误调整(不用于理解或解释)
  • D. mismatched:被错误匹配(不适用)

3. 语法与搭配
空格前的 will be 提示是被动语态,后面有 as "creepy",常用搭配是 be misinterpreted as(被误解为……)。

4. 上下文逻辑
前文提到“fear rejection”(害怕被拒绝),后面列举几种具体担忧,把 innocent advances 被当作 creepy 正是一种“误解”的情况。

因此,B. misinterpret 是正确答案。

7
正确答案:A

解析:

  1. 上下文逻辑
    第 7 题所在句子是:

    We fear rejection, or that our innocent social advances will be $\underline{\text{6}}$ as “creepy”. We fear we’ll be $\underline{\text{7}}$.

    这里并列了几个“害怕”的内容:害怕被拒绝、害怕自己的社交举动被当成 creepy、害怕被______。
    从语义连贯性来看,这里应填入一个与“负面评价”或“社交拒绝”相关的词。

  2. 词义辨析

    • A. judged(被评判)—— 符合“害怕别人对自己有负面看法”的语境。
    • B. fired(被解雇)—— 与陌生人交流的场景通常不涉及职场解雇,不合逻辑。
    • C. replaced(被取代)—— 语义不符。
    • D. delayed(被耽误)—— 与社交恐惧的核心(害怕被负面评价)关系不大。
  3. 语义搭配
    前文提到“害怕被拒绝”“害怕被当成 creepy”,都是在讲社交中的他人看法,因此“害怕被评判”是最直接、最合理的延续。

因此,第 7 题正确答案是 A. judged。

8
正确答案:D

解析:
第 8 题所在句子为:

Strangers are inherently ______ to us, so we are more likely to feel ______ when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances.

  • 从逻辑上看,这里解释为什么与陌生人交流会感到焦虑。
  • “陌生人”与“朋友和熟人”的区别在于“熟悉度”。
  • 陌生人本质上对我们来说是 不熟悉的(unfamiliar),因此我们会更容易感到紧张或焦虑。
  • 其他选项:
    • A. unreasonable(不合理的)—— 陌生人并非“不合理”的存在,不符合语义。
    • B. ungrateful(不感激的)—— 与上下文无关。
    • C. unconventional(不传统的)—— 陌生人并不一定“不传统”,偏离文意。

因此,正确答案是 D. unfamiliar

9
正确答案:C

解析:

  1. 上下文逻辑
    第 9 题所在的句子是:
    Strangers are inherently ______ to us, so we are more likely to feel ______ when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances.
    前半句说“陌生人在我们看来本质上是______的”,后半句说“因此与朋友和熟人相比,我们更可能在与陌生人交流时感到______”。
    从逻辑上看,这里应填入一个表示“负面情绪”的词,因为与陌生人交流会比与朋友交流更紧张、不安。

  2. 前文线索
    前一句提到:
    We fear rejection, or that our innocent social advances will be considered “creepy”. We fear we’ll be judged. We fear we’ll be disruptive.
    这些都是在讲与陌生人互动时的焦虑担忧
    紧接着下一句说“陌生人对我们来说是天生______的”,这里应该填“不熟悉”或“有威胁的”之类的含义(第 8 题),然后自然引出“我们更可能感到______”。
    既然前面一直在说 fear,这里自然就是 anxious(焦虑的)

  3. 选项分析

    • A. comfortable(舒服的) → 与文意相反
    • B. confident(自信的) → 与文意相反
    • C. anxious(焦虑的) → 符合 fear 和 avoid interaction 的语境
    • D. angry(生气的) → 文中没有依据表明与陌生人交流会生气
  4. 段落主旨
    整个段落都在解释为什么人们会躲到手机后面——因为害怕与陌生人互动带来的焦虑感。
    所以第 9 题选 C. anxious 最符合上下文的情感逻辑。


答案:C

10
正确答案:B

解析:

第 10 题所在句子为:

To avoid this anxiety, we ______ to our phones.

四个选项为:
A. attend
B. turn
C. take
D. point


1. 固定搭配分析

  • turn to 是一个固定短语,意思是“求助于;转向”,尤其指在需要帮助或逃避现实时转向某物。
  • 这里的意思是:为了避免这种焦虑,我们转向手机(即拿起手机来逃避与人交流)。
  • 其他选项与 “to” 搭配时:
    • attend to 表示“处理;照料”,主语一般是需要处理的事情或人,不符合“逃避焦虑而使用手机”的语境。
    • take to 表示“开始喜欢;习惯于”,但后面一般接名词或动名词,且强调形成习惯,不如 “turn to” 贴切这里的“即时逃避”含义。
    • point to 表示“指向”,不符合文意。

2. 上下文逻辑
前文提到与陌生人交流会让我们感到焦虑,手机就像是“安全毯”(security blanket),所以当我们感到不安时,就会求助于手机来获得安全感。
“turn to our phones” 非常符合这种“在焦虑时寻求庇护”的语义。


3. 排除法

  • A 项 attend 语义不符。
  • C 项 take to 虽然有“开始喜欢”的意思,但这里不是强调“开始喜欢手机”,而是“一焦虑就转向手机”的动作。
  • D 项 point to 明显不对。

因此正确答案是 B. turn

11
正确答案:A

解析:

  1. 上下文逻辑
    前文提到手机是我们的“安全毯”(security blanket)和“快乐眼镜”(happy glasses),它们保护我们免受我们认为会更糟糕的事物
    既然是“保护”,那么所避免的东西应该是负面的、令人不安的

  2. 前文线索
    文章前面提到与陌生人互动时我们感到的几种恐惧:

    • 害怕被拒绝(rejection)
    • 害怕被当作“怪异”(creepy)
    • 害怕被评判(judged)
    • 害怕打扰别人(disruptive)
    • 陌生人天生对我们来说是“不熟悉的”(inherently unfamiliar)
      这些恐惧的核心是不安全感,而不是无聊或神秘。
  3. 词义与程度匹配

    • dangerous(危险的)—— 与“security blanket”形成直接对应,因为“安全毯”就是用来应对“危险感”的。
    • mysterious(神秘的)—— 陌生人确实有神秘感,但这里强调的是我们主动躲避的负面感受,神秘不一定是负面的。
    • violent(暴力的)—— 程度过重,文中没有涉及暴力威胁。
    • boring(无聊的)—— 与恐惧、焦虑的情绪不符,且文中未提及无聊。
  4. 结论
    这里描述的是我们主观上认为与陌生人互动会更危险(尽管客观上不一定),因此用手机来保护自己。
    所以第 11 题选 A. dangerous

12
正确答案:C

解析:

第 12 题所在句子为:

But once we rip off the bandaid, tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up, it doesn’t ______ so bad.

1. 语境理解
这句话的前半部分用了一个比喻 “rip off the bandaid” —— 字面意思是“撕掉创可贴”,常用来比喻“果断去做一件有点害怕或痛苦的事”。
在本文中,它比喻放下手机、与陌生人交流这一行为。
“rip off the bandaid” 暗示我们预期会疼(心理上的不适),但实际撕掉之后,可能并没有那么疼。

2. 逻辑对应
“it doesn’t ______ so bad” 这里需要一个与“疼痛/不适”相关的动词,并且常用于口语中表示“感觉没那么糟”。
习惯表达是 “It doesn’t hurt so bad” 或 “It didn’t hurt as much as I thought”,意为“没有想象中那么难受/痛苦”。

3. 选项分析

  • A. bend → 弯曲,不符合“感觉”上的比喻。
  • B. resist → 抵抗,语法上不合适(it doesn’t resist so bad 意思不通)。
  • C. hurt → 疼痛,符合“撕创可贴”的比喻,且 “It doesn’t hurt so bad” 是常见表达。
  • D. decay → 腐烂,完全不符合语境。

4. 结论
此处用 “hurt” 既呼应了 “rip off the bandaid” 的比喻,又表达了“实际做起来并没有预想的那么难受”的意思,因此正确答案是 C. hurt

13
正确答案:C

解析:

第 13 题所在句子是:

In one 2011 experiment, behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable: Start a ______.

选项分析:

  • A. lecture(讲座)—— 在火车上与陌生人开始一个“讲座”不符合常理,也不符合实验情境。
  • B. debate(辩论)—— 与陌生人辩论显得突兀且具有对抗性,与实验目的不符。
  • C. conversation(对话)—— 与陌生人开始一段“对话”是常见但现代人可能回避的行为,符合“unthinkable”的语境,也符合实验要求。
  • D. negotiation(谈判)—— 谈判通常涉及利益协调,与日常通勤情境不符。

上下文线索:

  1. 文章主题是“与陌生人交流”,前文提到人们因害怕而避免互动。
  2. 实验要求乘客与 fellow passengers(同车乘客)交流,最自然的方式就是开始一段对话。
  3. 后文提到参与者原本认为独处更愉快,但实际交流后没有人被冷落,说明实验是轻松交谈,不是正式或对抗性交流。

因此,C. conversation 是正确答案。

14
正确答案:D

解析:

  1. 上下文定位
    文章提到“Chicago train commuters”(芝加哥火车通勤者),这些人是乘坐火车出行的人,因此他们互动的对象应该是同车的 乘客

  2. 选项分析

    • A. trainees(实习生)—— 文中没有提到任何培训或实习背景。
    • B. employees(雇员)—— 虽然通勤者可能是雇员,但这里强调的是在火车上的身份,不是职业身份。
    • C. researchers(研究人员)—— 研究人员是实验的设计者,不是被要求交谈的对象。
    • D. passengers(乘客)—— 与“train commuters”同义,符合语境。
  3. 逻辑对应
    前文说“talk to their fellow ___”,fellow 表示“同类的、同伴的”,在火车上 fellow passengers(同车乘客)是最自然的搭配。

因此正确答案是 D. passengers。

15
正确答案:C

解析:

第 15 题所在句为:

… asked other people in the same train station to ______ how they would feel after talking to a stranger…

1. 上下文逻辑

  • 前文提到,实验要求一些乘客主动与陌生人交谈。
  • 这里说的是在实验之前,研究人员让另一些乘客(other people)去 “______ how they would feel after talking to a stranger”
  • 也就是说,这些人并没有真的去和陌生人交谈,而是被要求预先估计/想象交谈后的感受。

2. 选项分析

  • A. reveal(透露):通常用于揭示已经存在的事实或感受,但这些人还没交谈,没有真实的感受可透露,因此不合适。
  • B. choose(选择):与“how they would feel”不搭配,不能说“选择自己会有什么感受”。
  • C. predict(预测):符合语境,即“预测与陌生人交谈后的感受”,这是对未来情况的估计。
  • D. design(设计):与感受不搭配,设计的是实验,不是感受。

3. 与后文呼应
后文说:

… the commuters thought their ride would be more pleasant if they sat on their own…
这正是一种预测(他们预测独自坐着会更愉快),与 predict 对应。

因此正确答案是 C. predict

16
正确答案:D

解析:

  1. 上下文定位
    第 16 题所在句子是:

    … the commuters thought their ___ would be more pleasant if they sat on their own.

  2. 场景背景
    实验是在芝加哥的火车上进行的,参与者是火车通勤者(train commuters),所以他们的行程是乘坐火车。

  3. 选项分析

    • A. voyage:通常指长途旅行(尤其航海或太空),不适用于日常通勤。
    • B. flight:指乘飞机旅行,不符合火车场景。
    • C. walk:步行,与火车通勤不符。
    • D. ride:可指乘坐交通工具的一段行程,尤其在美国英语中常用 “train ride” 或 “bus ride”。
  4. 搭配与语义
    “their ride” 在这里指他们乘坐火车的那段行程,符合语境:通勤者原本认为如果独自坐着(不与人交谈),旅途会更愉快。

因此正确答案是 D. ride

17
正确答案:A

解析:
第 17 题空格处需要填入一个动词短语,表示“完成、经历”实验。

  • A. went through 意为“经历、完成”,符合语境,表示参与者完成了实验。
  • B. did away 必须与 with 连用,意为“废除、去掉”,意思不符。
  • C. caught up 通常与 with 连用,意为“赶上”,不符合语境。
  • D. put up 与 with 连用才表示“忍受”,单独使用或接其他介词时意思不符。

原文说“尽管参与者没有预期会有积极的体验,但在他们 完成 实验后,没有一个人报告说自己被冷落”,因此 A. went through 是正确答案。

18
正确答案:B

好的,我们先看第 18 题所在的句子。

原文:

Though the participants didn’t expect a positive experience, after they ______ with the experiment, “not a single person reported having been snubbed.”

上一句提到:

When Dr. Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people … the commuters thought their ride would be more pleasant if they sat on their own.

也就是说,实验前人们预期与陌生人交流会不愉快,但实验后没有一个人被冷落。
这里需要一个词来引出实际发生的情况与预期相反,表达“实际上”的意思。

选项分析:

  • A. In turn 表示“反过来;依次”,不符合这里的转折对比关系。
  • B. In fact 表示“事实上”,用于引出与预期相反的真实情况,符合语境。
  • C. In particular 表示“尤其是”,用于具体举例,不符合。
  • D. In consequence 表示“因此”,表示因果关系,不符合。

因此选 B. In fact

19
正确答案:D

好的,我们先看第 19 题所在的句子。

原文相关部分:

Though the participants didn’t expect a positive experience, after they ______ with the experiment, “not a single person reported having been snubbed.”

选项:
A. unless
B. whereas
C. if
D. since


解析:

  1. 句子结构分析:

    • 主句是 “not a single person reported having been snubbed”(没有一个人报告说自己被冷落)。
    • 前面是 “after they ______ with the experiment”,显然这里需要填一个表示“完成”或“进行”的动词,与 after 搭配构成时间状语从句。
    • 但选项是连词,说明这里可能不是第 19 题的位置,而是第 17 题(动词)的位置。
    • 实际上第 19 题是最后一道题,也就是最后一个空,而原文最后一段最后一句是:

      In fact, these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those sans communication, 19 they were without the phones at all.

    所以第 19 题是在这个句子里:

    In fact, these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those sans communication, ______ they were without the phones at all.

  2. 逻辑关系分析:

    • “这些通勤过程据报道比那些没有交流的通勤过程更愉快,______他们根本没有用手机。”
    • 比较对象是:
      • 这些(与陌生人交流的)通勤
      • 那些没有交流的通勤(sans communication)
    • 后半句 “they were without the phones at all” 是解释为什么这些通勤更愉快的原因吗?
      不对,这里 “they” 指代的是 “these commutes”,即这些通勤是在没有手机的情况下进行的。
    • 逻辑是:这些通勤更愉快(与那些没有交流的通勤相比),因为他们完全没用手机。
      但这样因果不太通,因为“没有用手机”并不是“更愉快”的直接原因,而是实验条件。

    更合理的逻辑是:

    • 这些通勤比那些没有交流的通勤更愉快,尽管他们完全没有手机。
    • 但“尽管”用 though/although,选项里没有。
    • since 表示“因为”,代入:
      “这些通勤更愉快,因为他们根本没带手机”——这符合上下文,因为前文说玩手机是保护壳,而不用手机去交流反而更愉快。
  3. 结合上下文主旨:

    • 文章说人们以为独自坐着玩手机会更愉快,但实验发现,主动交流(并且没有手机干扰)的通勤更愉快。
    • 最后一句总结:这些交流的通勤比那些没有交流的通勤更愉快,因为他们完全没用手机(即没有手机干扰,才能实现交流,从而更愉快)。
    • 所以用 since(因为)表示原因。

答案:D. since

20
正确答案:B

好的,我们先看第 20 题所在的段落和句子。

原文对应处(根据完形填空常见结构推断)大致是:

In one 2011 experiment, behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable: Start a conversation. … When Dr. Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to predict how they would feel after talking to a stranger, the commuters thought their ride would be more pleasant if they sat on their own. … Though the participants didn’t expect a positive experience, after they went through with the experiment, “not a single person reported having been snubbed.”

第 20 题的空缺位置一般出现在最后一句或倒数第二句,可能是形容“与陌生人交谈”这件事其实并不像人们想的那么难,而是 ______。

选项:
A. funny(好笑的)
B. simple(简单的)
C. logical(符合逻辑的)
D. rare(稀少的)

根据上下文逻辑:

  • 前面说人们害怕和陌生人交谈,觉得会尴尬或被拒绝。
  • 实验表明,实际交谈后没有人被冷落,说明这件事其实没有想象中可怕。
  • 此处应填入一个表示“其实很容易/简单”的词,对应人们之前夸大了难度。
  • B. simple 最符合“其实与陌生人交谈很简单”的语义。

因此答案选 B. simple

阅读理解

Part A

Directions

Read the following four texts, Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)

Text1

A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed at hom than at work.Researchers measured people’s cortisol, which is a stress marker,while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.

“Further contradicting conventional wisdom,we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home,” writes one of the researchers, Sarah Damske.In fact women even say they feel better at work, she notes.“It is men,not women, who report being happier at home than at work.” Another surprise is that findings hold true for both those with children and without,but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health.

What the study doesn’ t measure is whether people are still doing work when they’ re at home, whe ther it is household work or work brought home from the office.For many men,the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace a making ad justments for working women, it’s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.

But it’s not just a gender thing. At work,people pretty much know what they’ re supposed to be doing: working, marking money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.

On the home front,however,people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it,or if they’ re teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus, they’ re your family. You cannot fire your family.You never really get to go home from home.

So it’s not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate.

21

According to Paragraph 1, most previous surveys found that home

正确答案:A

解析:

题目问的是“根据第一段,先前的大多数调查发现家……”,即考查的是传统观点(conventional wisdom)或以往调查的结论。

第一段首句明确指出:

A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed at home than at work.

这句话的意思是:与大多数调查相反,新研究发现人们在家比在工作时压力更大。
因此,大多数调查的结论应该与这个新研究相反,即:人们在家比在工作时压力更小,或者说家比工作场所更让人放松

选项分析:

  • A. offered greater relaxation than the workplace(家比工作场所提供更多的放松)——这与“contrary to most surveys”对应,即传统观点认为家更放松,正确。
  • B. was an ideal place for stress measurement(家是测量压力的理想场所)——文中未提及。
  • C. generated more stress than the workplace(家比工作场所产生更多压力)——这是新研究的结论,不是以往调查的结论。
  • D. was an unrealistic place for relaxation(家是一个不切实际的放松场所)——与以往调查结论相反。

因此,正确答案是 A

22

According to Damaske,who are likely to be the happiest at home?

正确答案:B

让我们一步步推理。

1. 定位原文信息
题干问的是“根据 Damaske 的说法,谁在家里最幸福?”
原文第二段提到:

“Further contradicting conventional wisdom, we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home,” writes one of the researchers, Sarah Damaske. In fact women even say they feel better at work, she notes. “It is men, not women, who report being happier at home than at work.” Another surprise is that findings hold true for both those with children and without, but more so for nonparents.

关键句:

  • 男性比女性更可能说在家比工作更快乐。
  • 这个结果对有孩子和没孩子的人都成立,但对 没孩子的人 更明显(more so for nonparents)。

2. 逻辑推导

  • 男性在家比工作更快乐。
  • 没孩子的人(nonparents)这种效应更强。
  • 所以最快乐的人群是 没孩子的男性

3. 匹配选项
A. Working mothers → 错,女性在家压力大,且女性感觉在工作时更好。
B. Childless husbands → 对,没孩子的丈夫 = 男性 + 没孩子。
C. Working fathers → 有孩子的男性,不如没孩子的男性快乐。
D. Childless wives → 女性在家不如工作快乐,所以不是最快乐。

因此答案是 B

23

The blurring of working women’s roles refers to the fact that

正确答案:B

解析:

题干问的是“职业女性角色模糊”指的是什么。
文章第三段提到:

For women who stay home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles… it’s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.

这里的 blurring of roles 意思是“角色界限模糊”,即职业女性在外要工作赚钱(bread winner),在家还要做家务(housewife),两种角色没有明确分开,导致压力增加。

选项分析:

  • A 错在“家也是休息的地方”——这与文中意思相反,文中说家对女性来说并不是休息的地方。
  • B “她们既是养家者又是家庭主妇”——这正是角色模糊的含义,正确。
  • C “经常有很多家务留下”——这只是现象,不是对“角色模糊”的定义。
  • D “很难离开办公室”——这是字面化理解,不是 blurring of roles 的真正含义。

因此正确答案是 B

24

The word “moola”(Line4, Para4) most probably means

正确答案:C

我们先定位到原文第四段:

At work, people pretty much know what they’re supposed to be doing: working, making money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.

解析:

  1. 从上下文看,前面提到“making money”和“draw an income”,说明这里在讲工作与收入的关系。
  2. “Employee puts in hours of … labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola” 显然是在描述“员工付出劳动,换取维持生计的东西”。
  3. 维持生计的东西就是钱或收入。
  4. “moola” 是俚语,意思就是“money”。

所以正确选项是 C. earnings(收入)。

25

The home front differs from the workplace in that

正确答案:D

解析:

题目问的是“家庭环境与工作场所的不同之处在于……”,我们需要在原文中找到对比家庭和工作场所的段落。

  1. 定位关键段落
    第五段开头提到:

    On the home front, however, people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out.
    (然而在家庭中,人们没有这种清晰性。很少有家庭的劳动分工是那么条理分明、有章可循的。)

  2. 选项分析

    • A. 家庭劳动通常得到足够的回报
      原文说“there are inadequate rewards for most of them”,所以 A 错。
    • B. 家几乎不是一个更舒适的工作环境
      文章没有直接比较“舒适度”,而是比较压力和分工明确性,B 属于无依据推断。
    • C. 家务劳动通常更有激励性
      原文指出家庭同事(家人)没有明确奖励,更难激励,所以 C 与原文相反。
    • D. 家庭中的劳动分工很少是明确的
      这与第五段第二句“Rare is the household…”完全对应,因此 D 正确。

答案:D

Text2

For years,studies have found that first-generation college students- those who do not have a parent with a college degree- lag other students on a range of education achievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has created"a paradox” in that recruiting firstgeneration students,but then watching many of them fail,means that higher education has " continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close"ab achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.

But the article is actually quite optimistic,as it outlines a potential solution to this problem,suggesting that an approach (which involves a one-hour,next-tono-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap (measured by such factors as grades) between first-generation and other students.

The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findings are based on a study involving 147 students (who completed the pro,ject)at an unnamed private university. First generation was defined as not having a parent with a four-year college degree. Most of the first-generation students(59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants,a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need, while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students wit at least one parent with a four-year degree.

Their thesis- that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact- was based or the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students. They cite past research by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap.

Many first- generation students"struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education, learn the ‘rules of the game,’ and take advantage of college resources,” they write. And this becomes more of a problem when collages don’t talk about the class advantage and disadvantages of different groups of students. Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students’educational experience, many first-generation students lack sight about why they are struggling and do not understand how students’ like them can improve.

26

Recruiting more first- generation students has

正确答案:C

解析:

  1. 题干定位:题目问“招收更多第一代大学生”的结果是什么。
    原文第一段提到:

    colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has created “a paradox” in that recruiting first-generation students, but then watching many of them fail, means that higher education has “continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close” an achievement gap based on social class.

  2. 关键信息提取

    • 大学想多招第一代大学生,初衷是帮助他们通过高等教育提升经济状况。
    • 但结果是很多人失败,导致基于社会阶层的成就差距不但没有缩小,反而被复制和扩大了。
    • 这就是一个“悖论(paradox)”,说明实际效果与原本目标相反。
  3. 选项分析

    • A. reduced their dropout rates(降低辍学率)→ 原文说辍学率更高,所以错。
    • B. narrowed the achievement gap(缩小成就差距)→ 原文说差距在扩大,所以错。
    • C. missed its original purpose(未达到最初目的)→ 最初目的是帮助他们成功并缩小差距,但结果差距反而扩大,因此符合“未达目的”。
    • D. depressed college students(让大学生沮丧)→ 原文未提及所有大学生因此沮丧,而是说现象令人沮丧(depressing beginning of a paper),对象不对。
  4. 结论
    招收更多第一代大学生的做法,并没有实现帮助他们在学业上成功并缩小差距的初衷,因此 C 正确。

27

The author of the research article are optimistic because

正确答案:C

解析:

题目问的是“研究论文的作者持乐观态度的原因”,这需要定位到文章中的相关部分。

  1. 定位关键信息
    文章第一段提到,第一代大学生在学业表现上落后于其他学生,大学虽然努力招收他们,但很多人最终失败,导致教育差距扩大。
    第二段开头说:“But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem…”
    这里明确说明,作者之所以乐观,是因为他们提出了一个可能的解决方案。

  2. 选项分析

    • A. 他们的发现对学生有吸引力 → 文中未提及。
    • B. 招生率提高了 → 文中未提及,且与乐观原因无关。
    • C. 问题是可以解决的 → 与第二段“potential solution”对应,是作者乐观的直接原因。
    • D. 他们的方法是零成本的 → 文中提到“next-to-no-cost program”,但这只是方案的一个特点,不是乐观的根本原因。
  3. 结论
    作者乐观的根本原因是他们相信这个问题可以通过一个简单干预措施得到改善,即问题是可以解决的,因此正确答案是 C

28

The study suggests that most first- generation students

正确答案:C

解析:

题目问的是:研究表明大多数第一代大学生______。
我们需要在文章中找到关于“大多数第一代大学生”的描述。

文章第三段提到:

Most of the first-generation students (59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants, a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need…

这句话的意思是:大多数第一代大学生(59.1%)获得了佩尔助学金,而佩尔助学金是针对有经济需求的本科生的联邦助学金。
因此可以推断,大多数第一代大学生需要经济支持

选项分析:

  • A. study at private universities(在私立大学学习)
    文中只提到研究是在一所不知名的私立大学进行的,但并没有说大多数第一代大学生都在私立大学学习,所以 A 错。
  • B. are from single-parent families(来自单亲家庭)
    文中没有提到单亲家庭信息,所以 B 错。
  • C. are in need of financial support(需要经济支持)
    与文中“大多数第一代大学生获得佩尔助学金”对应,佩尔助学金就是给经济困难学生的,所以 C 对。
  • D. have failed their college(大学不及格/失败)
    文中提到第一代大学生成绩较低、辍学率较高,但并没有说“大多数”都失败,所以 D 错。

正确答案:C

29

The author of the paper believe that first-generation students

正确答案:B

解析:

题目问的是论文作者认为第一代大学生(父母没有大学学历的学生)面临的主要问题是什么。

  1. 定位原文依据
    第四段提到:

    first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students.
    (第一代大学生最缺乏的并不是潜力,而是如何处理大多数大学生所面临问题的实用知识。)

  2. 选项分析

    • A. 可能缺少申请研究项目的机会
      文中未直接提到“申请研究项目”的机会问题,而是更广泛地指缺乏应对大学生活的实际知识。
    • B. 在处理大学问题时缺乏经验
      与原文“缺乏处理问题的实用知识”对应,即他们不熟悉大学里的“游戏规则”和资源利用,符合文意。
    • C. 对其他学生有潜在影响
      文中未提及第一代大学生对其他学生的影响。
    • D. 实际上对成就差距漠不关心
      与文意相反,文中指出他们因不了解背后的社会阶层因素而意识不到问题根源,并非“漠不关心”。
  3. 结论
    根据第四段及第五段内容,第一代大学生的主要问题是缺乏应对大学环境所需的实际知识和经验,因此 B 为正确答案。

30

We may infer from the last paragraph that

正确答案:D

解析:

题目要求从最后一段推断出正确选项。最后一段的主要内容是:

  1. 第一代大学生面临的困境:他们难以适应高等教育中的中产阶级文化,不了解“游戏规则”,也不善于利用大学资源。
  2. 大学的责任:当大学不谈论不同学生群体的阶级优势和劣势时,问题更加严重。
  3. 大学的忽视:美国高校很少承认社会阶级如何影响学生的教育经历,导致许多第一代大学生不明白自己为何挣扎,也不知道如何改进。

关键句分析

  • “And this becomes more of a problem when colleges don’t talk about the class advantages and disadvantages…”
  • “Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students’ educational experience…”

这两句明确指出:大学没有积极讨论和解决阶级差异问题,加剧了第一代大学生的困境。因此,大学对这个问题负有部分责任。

选项分析

  • A. 大学经常拒绝中产阶级文化
    文中未提及大学“拒绝”中产阶级文化,而是说大学没有帮助学生理解和适应这种文化。❌

  • B. 学生通常因缺乏资源而受责备
    文中没有指责学生,而是强调他们缺乏指导和支持。❌

  • C. 社会阶级大大有助于丰富教育经历
    文中讨论的是社会阶级带来的障碍,而非丰富体验。❌

  • D. 大学对讨论中的问题负有部分责任
    符合最后一段的核心观点:大学忽视阶级问题,导致第一代大学生难以适应。✅

因此,正确答案是 D

Text3

There is no question that the speech of the American office is changing. One lingual expert称之为"the lingua franca of corporate America” is what has come to be called “office speak”.

Consider the phrases: “Let’s touch base,” “Let’s circle back,” “Let’s take it offline,” “No brainer,” “Thought shower,” “Bottom line,” “At the end of the day.” These terms are now commonly used in the workplace, and they are often used by both managers and subordinates.

In a recent paper, Professor Nancy Koehn of Harvard Business School noted that the language of corporate America has become more emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago. “You have the importation of terminology that historically used to be associated with non-profit organizations and religious organizations: Terms like vision, values, passion,and purpose,“said Khurana.

This new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated amid increasingly loud debates over work-life balance.The” mommy wars"of the 1990s are still going on today, prompting arguments about why women still can’t have it all and books like Shery 1 Sandberg’ s Lean In,whose title has become a buzzword in its own right. Terms like unplug,offline, life-hack, bandwidth, and capacity are all about setting boundaries between the office and the home. But if your work is your " passion,“you'11 be more likely to devote yourself to it, even if that means going home for dinner and then working long after the kids are in bed.

But this seems to be the irony of office speak: Everyone makes fun of it,but managers love it,companies depend on it,and regular people willingly absorb it.As Nunberg said,“You can get people to think it’s nonsense at the same time that you buy into it.“In a workplace that’ s fundamentally indifferent to your life and its meaning, office speak can help you figure out how you relate to your work-and how your work defines who you are.

31

According to Naney Koehn,office language has become

正确答案:D

解析:

题目问的是“根据 Nancy Koehn 的观点,办公室语言变得______”。

定位到原文第三段第一句:

In a recent paper, Professor Nancy Koehn of Harvard Business School noted that the language of corporate America has become more emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago.

这句话明确指出,Nancy Koehn 认为美国企业语言比 20 年前 更加情绪化(more emotional)。

因此,选项 D. more emotional 与原文完全一致,是正确答案。


其他选项分析:

  • A. less strategic(更不具战略性):原文未提及战略性的变化。
  • B. less energetic(更缺乏活力):原文未提及,且文中暗示新语言可能更有激励作用。
  • C. more objective(更客观):与原文“more emotional”相反,情绪化通常意味着更主观。
32

“Team”-oriented corporate vocabulary is closely related to.

正确答案:A

解析:

题目问的是“以‘团队’为导向的企业词汇与什么密切相关”。文章中没有直接出现“team-oriented”这个短语,但我们可以通过分析文中提到的例子和背景来推断。

  1. 文中提到的例子
    文章第二段列举了一些常见的职场用语,例如:

    • “Let’s touch base.”(让我们碰个头/保持联系)
    • “Let’s circle back.”(我们稍后再讨论)
    • “Let’s take it offline.”(我们线下讨论)
      这些表达都源自体育领域,特别是棒球篮球等团队运动。
    • “Touch base” 来自棒球中的“触垒”;
    • “Circle back” 可能来自团队战术中的回防或重新组织;
    • “Take it offline” 虽然不是直接来自体育,但“offline”在这里是比喻用法,与“在线”相对,而“在线”常用于团队协作场景。
  2. 文章的整体语境
    文章讨论的是美国职场语言的变化,强调情感化、右脑思维,以及从非营利组织、宗教组织引入的词汇(如vision, passion)。但“团队”导向的词汇更多是来自体育文化,因为体育强调团队合作、目标一致、战术执行等,这与企业管理的理念高度契合。

  3. 选项分析

    • A. sports culture(体育文化)—— 符合文中例子的来源。
    • B. gender difference(性别差异)—— 文中提到“mommy wars”和女性职场问题,但与“团队”词汇无关。
    • C. historical incidents(历史事件)—— 未提及。
    • D. athletic executives(热爱运动的高管)—— 文中未强调高管的个人爱好。

因此,正确答案是 A. sports culture。

33

Khurana believes that the importation of terminology aims to

正确答案:D

解析:

题目问的是 Khurana 认为引入这些术语的目的是什么。

文章第三段提到 Khurana 的观点:

“You have the importation of terminology that historically used to be associated with non-profit organizations and religious organizations: Terms like vision, values, passion, and purpose.”

这些词汇(愿景、价值观、激情、目标)原本多用于非营利组织和宗教组织,现在被引入企业语言中。

接着第四段开头说:

This new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated amid increasingly loud debates over work-life balance.

也就是说,这种用语变化是为了让员工更有动力,更投入工作。

后面又提到:

But if your work is your ‘passion,’ you’ll be more likely to devote yourself to it…

这明显是在强调通过情感化的语言让员工对工作产生认同和忠诚。

因此,Khurana 认为引入这些术语的目的是 增强员工的忠诚度,对应选项 D. strengthen employee loyalty

其他选项:

  • A 复兴历史术语:不是主要目的,只是手段。
  • B 提升公司形象:文中未强调。
  • C 促进公司合作:文中未直接说明。
34

It can be inferred that Lean In

正确答案:A

解析:

题目要求推断《Lean In》这本书的特点。
文章中提到这本书的语境是:

The “mommy wars” of the 1990s are still going on today, prompting arguments about why women still can’t have it all and books like Sheryl Sandberg’s Lean In, whose title has become a buzzword in its own right.

这段话的背景是围绕“女性是否能够兼顾事业和家庭”的争论,而《Lean In》是作为这一讨论中的一部代表性作品出现的。
这本书的作者 Sheryl Sandberg 在书中鼓励女性在职场中积极进取、争取领导角色,因此它显然是在为职业女性发声(voices for working women)。

选项分析:

  • A. voices for working women
    符合文章背景和该书的社会意义,为职业女性发声,支持她们在职场中向前一步。
  • B. appeals to passionate workaholics
    书中并非主要针对“工作狂”,而是关注女性职业发展。
  • C. triggers debates among mommies
    虽然“妈妈战争”确实存在争议,但《Lean In》本身是参与并引导讨论,而不是“引发”这些争论(争论早已存在)。
  • D. praises motivated employees
    书中重点不是表扬员工,而是鼓励女性主动争取职业发展。

因此,正确选项是 A

35

Which of the following statements is true about office speak?

正确答案:B

让我们先分析一下每个选项与原文的对应关系。


A. Linguists believe it to be nonsense.

  • 原文提到 Nunberg 说 “You can get people to think it’s nonsense at the same time that you buy into it.” 但这并不是说语言学家认为它是 nonsense,而是说人们可能一边觉得它没意义一边接受它。
  • 文中并没有说语言学家认为它是 nonsense,所以 A 错。

B. Regular people mock it but accept it.

  • 原文倒数第二段:

    But this seems to be the irony of office speak: Everyone makes fun of it, but managers love it, companies depend on it, and regular people willingly absorb it.

  • “regular people willingly absorb it” 说明他们接受它;
  • “Everyone makes fun of it” 包括普通人也会取笑它。
  • 所以 B 符合文意。

C. Companies find it to be fundamental.

  • 原文说 “companies depend on it”,但 depend on 不等于 fundamental(根本的、基础的),而且文中没有明确说公司认为它是 fundamental。
  • 所以 C 属于过度推断。

D. Managers admire it but avoid it.

  • 原文说 “managers love it”,并没有说 avoid it,所以 D 错。

因此正确答案是 B。

Text4

Many people talked of the 288, 000 new jobs the Labor Department reported for June,along with the drop in the unemployment rate to 6.1 percent,as good news.And they were right. For now it appears the economy is creating jobs at a decent pace. We still have a long way to go to get back to full employment,but at least we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace.

However,there is another important part of the jobs picture that was largely overlooked. There was a big jump in the number of people who repot voluntarily working part-time.This figure is now 830, 000(4.4 percent)above its year ago level.

Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare, it is worth making an important distinction. Many people who work part-time jobs actually want full-time jobs.They take part-time work because this is all they can get.An increase in involuntary part-time work is evidence of weakness in the labor market and it means that many people will be having a very hard time making ends meet.

There was an increase in involuntary part-time in June, but the general direction has been down.Involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than before the recession,but it is down by 640,000(7.9percent)from is year ago level.

We know the difference between voluntary and involuntary part-time employment because people tell us.The survey used by the Labor Department asks people is they worked less than 35 hours in the reference week.If the answer is” yes”,they are classified as worked less than 35hours in that week because they wanted to work less than full time or because they had no choice.They are only classified as voluntary part-time workers if they tell the survey taker they chose to work less than 35 hours a week.

The issue of voluntary part-time relates to Obamacare because one of the main purposes was to allow people to get insurance outside of employment. For many people,especially those with serious health conditions or family members with serious health conditions, before Obamacare the only way to get insurance was through a job that provided health insurance.

However, Obamacare has alowed more than 12 million people to either get insurance through Medicaid or the exchanges. These are people who may previously have felt the need to get a full-time job that provided insurance in order to cover themselves and their families.With Obamacare there is no longer a link between employment and insurance.

36

Which part of the jobs picture are neglected?

正确答案:B

解析:

  1. 题干定位:题目问的是“就业形势中哪一部分被忽视了”,关键词是“neglected”。
    原文第二段开头明确提到:

    However, there is another important part of the jobs picture that was largely overlooked.
    There was a big jump in the number of people who report voluntarily working part-time.

  2. 同义替换

    • “overlooked” ≈ “neglected”
    • “a big jump in the number of people who report voluntarily working part-time” ≈ “the increase of voluntary part-time market”
  3. 排除干扰项

    • A 项“就业市场繁荣的前景”在文中未强调被忽视。
    • C 项“充分就业的可能性”是文中提到的目标,但并未说是被忽视的部分。
    • D 项“就业创造的加速”是很多人关注到的,不是被忽视的。
  4. 因此正确答案是 B:自愿兼职人数的增加是就业形势中被忽略的重要部分。

答案:B

37

Many people work part-time because they.

正确答案:C

解析:

题目问的是“许多人从事兼职工作的原因是什么”,需要定位到原文中关于兼职工作动机的部分。

  1. 定位关键段落
    第三段中提到:

    Many people who work part-time jobs actually want full-time jobs. They take part-time work because this is all they can get.
    (许多从事兼职工作的人实际上想要全职工作。他们从事兼职工作是因为这是他们唯一能找到的工作。)

  2. 理解含义
    这句话明确指出,这些人从事兼职并非出于自愿,而是因为找不到全职工作。

  3. 选项分析

    • A. 更喜欢兼职工作而不是全职工作 → 与原文相反,原文说他们实际想要全职工作。
    • B. 认为兼职足够维持生计 → 原文未提及,且第三段末尾提到 involuntary part-time 意味着生活艰难。
    • C. 无法获得全职工作 → 与原文“this is all they can get”对应,正确。
    • D. 没有看到市场的疲软 → 原文未提及,且与问题无关。

因此,正确答案是 C

38

Involuntary part-time employment is the US

正确答案:A

解析:

题目问的是“美国非自愿兼职就业的情况”。
文章第四段明确提到:

There was an increase in involuntary part-time in June, but the general direction has been down.
Involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than before the recession, but it is down by 640,000 (7.9 percent) from its year ago level.

关键信息:

  • 6 月份虽然有增加,但 总体趋势是下降的(general direction has been down)。
  • 与一年前相比,非自愿兼职人数减少了 64 万(7.9%)。

因此,A 选项“shows a general tendency of decline”(呈现总体下降趋势) 与原文一致。

其他选项分析:

  • B:比一年前更难获得?文中没有说“更难获得”,而是说人数减少了。
  • C:满足失业者的真实需求?文中非自愿兼职是劳动力市场疲软的表现,并非满足需求。
  • D:比经济衰退前更低?原文说“still far higher than before the recession”,所以 D 错。

答案:A

39

It can be learned that with Obamacare,

正确答案:D

解析:

  1. 题干关键词
    “with Obamacare” 提示我们要找《平价医疗法案》(Obamacare)实施后带来的变化。

  2. 原文定位
    最后一段明确提到:

    With Obamacare there is no longer a link between employment and insurance.
    (有了《平价医疗法案》,就业和保险之间不再有关联。)

  3. 选项分析

    • A:兼职者不再容易获得保险 → 与原文相反,Obamacare 让没有全职工作的人也能获得保险。
    • B:全职工作对保险仍然至关重要 → 与原文“no longer a link”矛盾。
    • C:为家庭成员获得保险仍然有挑战 → 原文未强调这一点,且 Obamacare 本意是让有健康问题的人更容易获得保险。
    • D:就业不再是获得保险的先决条件 → 与原文“no longer a link”一致,就业和保险脱钩。
  4. 结论
    根据最后一段的明确表述,D 是正确答案。

40

The text mainly discusses

正确答案:A

解析:

题目要求判断文章主旨。文章的核心内容如下:

  1. 开头:提到美国就业形势好转,失业率下降,但指出仍有一段路要走。
  2. 转折:指出就业数据中一个被忽略的部分——自愿兼职人数大幅增加。
  3. 区分自愿与非自愿兼职:说明非自愿兼职反映劳动力市场疲软,而自愿兼职则不同。
  4. 数据趋势:非自愿兼职人数总体下降,但仍高于衰退前水平。
  5. 调查方法:解释了如何区分自愿与非自愿兼职。
  6. 与奥巴马医改的关系:奥巴马医改使许多人不必为了医疗保险而从事全职工作,因此自愿兼职人数增加。

综合来看

  • 文章围绕美国就业市场展开,重点讨论了就业数据中的兼职现象及其与奥巴马医改的关系。
  • 虽然提到了奥巴马医改,但它只是解释自愿兼职增加的一个原因,并不是文章核心。
  • 文章没有主要讨论兼职的分类方法、医疗保险细节或奥巴马医改的困境,而是以就业为主线,分析兼职趋势及其背后的经济与政策因素

因此,A. employment in the US 最全面概括了文章主旨。

答案:A

Part B

Directions

In the following text,some sentences have been removed.For Questions 41-45,choose the most suitable one from the list [A]-[G] to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices,which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)

41-45

[A] You are not alone

[B] Don’t fear responsibility for your life

[C] Pave your own unique path

[D] Most of your fears are unreal

[E] Think about the present moment

[F] Experience helps you grow

[G] There are many things to be grateful for

Unfortunately, life is not a bed of roses.We are going through life facing sad experiences. Moreover,we are grieving various kinds of loss: a friendship, a romantic relationship or a house. Hard times may hold you down at what usually seems like the most inopportune time, but you should remember that they won’t last forever.

When our time of mourning is over,we press forward, stronger with a greater understanding and respect for life. Furthermore, these losses make us mature and eventually move us toward future opportunities for growth and happiness. I want to share these ten old truths I’ ve learned along the way.

(41) _______________

Fear is both useful and harnful.This normal human reaction is used to protect us by signaling danger and preparing us to deal with it. Unfortunately, people create inner barriers with a help of exaggerating fears. My favorite actor Will Smith once said, “Fear is not real.It is a product of thoughts you create.Do not misunderstand me. Danger is very real.But fear is a choice.” I do completely agree that fears are just the product of our luxuriant imagination.

(42) _______________

If you are surrounded by problems and cannot stop thinking about the past, try to focus on the present moment. Many of us are weighed down by the past or anxious about the future. You may feel guilt over your past,but you are poisoning the present with the things and circumstances you cannot change. Value the present moment and remember how fortunate you are to be alive. Enjoy the beauty of the world around and keep the eyes open to see the possibilities before you.Happiness is not a point of future and not a moment from the past,but a mindset that can be designed into the present.

(43) _______________

Sometimes it is easy to feel bad because you are going through tough times. You can be easily caught up by life problems that you forget to pause and appreciate the things you have. Only strong people prefer to smile and value their life instead of crying and complaining about something.

(44) _______________

No matter how isolated you might feel and how serious the situation is,you should always remember that you are not alone.Try to keep in mind that almost everyone respects and wants to help you if you are trying to make a good change in your life, especially your dearest and nearest people. You may have a circle of friends who provide constant good humor,help and companionship. If you have no friends or relatives, try to participate in several online communities, full of people who are always willing to share advice and encouragement.

(45) _______________

Today many people find it difficult to trust their own opinion and seek balance by gaining objectivity from external sources. This way you devalue your opinion and show that you are incapable of managing your own life. When you are struggling to achieve something important you should believe in yourself and be sure that your decision is the best. You live in your skin, think your own thoughts, have your own values and make your own choices.

Part C

Directions

Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)

46

Think about driving a route that’s very familiar. It could be your commute to work, a trip into town or the way home. Whichever it is, you know every twist and turn like the back of your hand. On these sorts of trips it’s easy to lose concentration on the driving and pay little attention to the passing scenery. The consequence is that you perceive that the trip has taken less time than it actually has.

This is the well-travelled road effect: People tend to underestimate the time it takes to travel a familiar route.

The effect is caused by the way we allocate our attention. When we travel down a well-known route, because we don’t have to concentrate much, time seems to flow more quickly. And afterwards, when we come to think back on it, we can’t remember the journey well because we didn’t pay much attention to it. So we assume it was shorter.

写作

Part A

47

Directions

Suppose your university is going to host a summer camp for high school students. Write a notice to

  1. briefly introduce the camp activities, and

  2. call for volunteers.

You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.

Do not use your name or the name of your university.

Do not write your address. (10 points)

Part B

48

Directions

Write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should

  1. interpret the chart, and

  2. give your comments.

You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)

(图表标题:我国某市居民春节假期花销比例

饼图构成:新年礼物:40%,交通:20%,聚会吃饭:20%,其他:20%)