2017 年真题

选择题答案速对
No.AnsNo.AnsNo.AnsNo.AnsNo.Ans
1C2A3D4A5B
6B7C8A9D10C
11C12B13A14D15C
16D17A18B19D20B
21A22B23C24D25B
26B27D28D29C30A
31C32D33A34D35A
36B37D38C39D40B

完形填空

Directions

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

Text

People have speculated for centuries about a future without work. Today is no different, with academics, writers, and activists once again that technology is replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by : A few wealthy people will own all the capital, and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.

A different and not mutually exclusive holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort, one by purposelessness: Without jobs to give their lives , people will simply become lazy and depressed. , today’s unemployed don’t seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression, double the rate for Americans. Also, some research suggests that the for rising rates of mortality, mental-health problems, and addiction poorly-educated, middle-aged people is a shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many the agonizing dullness of a jobless future.

But it doesn’t follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the of work, a society designed with other ends in mind could strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure. Today, the of work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobs are boring, degrading, unhealthy, and a waste of human potential,” says John Danaher, a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.

These days, because leisure time is relatively for most workers, people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard day’s work, I often feel ,” Danaher says, adding, “In a world in which I don’t have to work, I might feel rather different” – perhaps different enough to throw himself a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for matters.

1
正确答案:C

解析:

  1. 根据上下文,第一句提到“几个世纪以来人们一直在猜测没有工作的未来”,本句接着说“今天也不例外,学者、作家和活动家再次______技术正在取代人类工人”。
  2. 从后文看,作者在描述一种担忧:技术导致失业,未来可能变成贫富分化严重或人们失去生活目标的世界。
  3. “boasting”(夸耀)不符合语境,因为这些人并不是在炫耀技术取代人类;“denying”(否认)与文意相反;“ensuring”(确保)语义不通。
  4. “warning”(警告)最符合语境,即这些人警告技术正在取代人类工人,从而引出后文对未来的负面预测。

因此正确答案是 C. warning

2
正确答案:A

解析:

第 2 题空格所在的句子是:

Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by ______: A few wealthy people will own all the capital, and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.

这句话描述的是:少数富人拥有全部资本,而大众在贫困中挣扎。
这显然是在描述 贫富差距不平等 的现象。

  • A. inequality(不平等)→ 符合语境,指财富分配不均。
  • B. instability(不稳定)→ 虽然社会可能不稳定,但这里强调的是贫富分化,不是动荡。
  • C. unreliability(不可靠)→ 与语境无关。
  • D. uncertainty(不确定性)→ 文中没有强调未来的不确定,而是强调贫富差距的结果。

因此,正确答案是 A. inequality

3
正确答案:D

解析:

第 3 题所在的句子是:

A different and not mutually exclusive prediction holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort…

解题思路:

  1. 上文提到“一些人想象未来没有工作的世界是……”,这是对未来的推测或预测
  2. 本句开头说“一个不同的且不互相排斥的______”,显然是在引出另一种对未来的看法,也属于预测、推测的范畴。
  3. 选项分析:
    • A. policy(政策) → 不符合语境,这里不是讲政府或组织的计划。
    • B. guideline(指导方针) → 与对未来情形的描述无关。
    • C. resolution(决心、决议) → 与未来预测无关。
    • D. prediction(预测) → 与上一段“some imagine…”形成对应,都是对未来情形的设想,符合语境。

因此,正确答案是 D. prediction

4
正确答案:A

解析:

第 4 题所在句子为:

A different and not mutually exclusive prediction holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort, one ______ by purposelessness.

1. 句意理解
这句话的意思是:另一种与之并不互斥的预测认为,未来将是另一种荒原,一种 以“无目的性”为特征 的荒原。
“wasteland of a different sort, one ___ by purposelessness” 是同位语结构,解释这种荒原的特点就是“无目的性”。

2. 选项分析

  • A. characterized(以…为特征)→ 符合句意,表示“由无目的性所标志/特征的荒原”。
  • B. divided(被分裂)→ 与 purposelessness 搭配不当,语义不通。
  • C. balanced(被平衡)→ 不符合逻辑。
  • D. measured(被衡量)→ 与 purposelessness 搭配奇怪,句意不通。

3. 固定搭配
“be characterized by” 是常见搭配,意为“以…为特征”,在描述某事物主要特点时常用。
这里正是说这种荒原的典型特征就是“无目的性”,因此选 A

答案:A

5
正确答案:B

解析:

第 5 题所在句子为:

Without jobs to give their lives ______, people will simply become lazy and depressed.

这里考查的是固定搭配和生活常识逻辑。
“给生活以意义” 的常见英文表达是 give life meaninggive their lives meaning
工作常常被赋予“赋予人生意义”的社会功能,因此这里 meaning(意义)最符合语境。

其他选项:

  • A. wisdom(智慧)—— 工作不一定直接赋予智慧
  • C. glory(荣耀)—— 语义过重,且不是普遍认为的工作核心作用
  • D. freedom(自由)—— 工作往往限制自由,而不是给予自由,与句意相反

因此正确答案是 B. meaning

6
正确答案:B

解析:

第 6 题位于段落开头,前一句提到“如果没有工作赋予生活意义,人们会变得懒惰和抑郁”,后一句说“如今失业的人似乎过得并不好”,并引用数据说明失业者抑郁率更高。

  • 逻辑关系是:前文提出一种预测(未来没工作 → 人们抑郁),接着用当前事实来证实这个预测。
  • Indeed 表示“确实、实际上”,用于引出支持前文的证据,符合上下文。
  • Instead(相反)、Thus(因此,表结果)、Nevertheless(然而,表转折)都不符合这种“举例证实”的逻辑。

因此正确答案是 B. Indeed

7
正确答案:C

解析:

第 7 题题干为:

One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression, double the rate for $\underline{\quad7\quad}$ Americans.

  • 前半句说“失业至少一年的美国人中有 20% 报告患有抑郁症”,
  • 后半句说“这个比例是 ______ 美国人 的两倍”。

这里显然是在将 长期失业者有工作的人 进行比较,因为失业者的抑郁率更高。

  • A. rich(富有的)—— 文中并未专门讨论财富与抑郁的关系,且与失业的对比不直接。
  • B. urban(城市的)—— 没有上下文支持城乡对比。
  • C. working(有工作的)—— 符合逻辑:有工作的人抑郁率更低,失业者的抑郁率是其两倍。
  • D. educated(受过教育的)—— 虽然下文提到教育程度与失业的关系,但这里只是泛指对比组,working 更直接对应 unemployed。

因此正确答案是 C. working

8
正确答案:A

好的,我们来看第 8 题。

原文相关部分

some research suggests that the $\underline{\quad8\quad}$ for rising rates of mortality, mental-health problems, and addiction $\underline{\quad9\quad}$ poorly-educated, middle-aged people is a shortage of well-paid jobs.

句子结构分析

  • 主句:some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates … is a shortage of well-paid jobs.
  • 这里 “the 8 for X is Y” 意思是“对 X 的解释是 Y”。
  • X = rising rates of mortality, mental-health problems, and addiction among poorly-educated, middle-aged people
  • Y = a shortage of well-paid jobs

选项分析

  • A. explanation(解释)—— 符合句意:研究认为,死亡率等上升的原因是缺少高薪工作。
  • B. requirement(要求)—— 不通,不能说“对死亡率上升的要求是缺少高薪工作”。
  • C. compensation(补偿)—— 不通,逻辑不符。
  • D. substitute(替代品)—— 不通,语义不符。

因此正确答案是 A. explanation

9
正确答案:D

我们先看第9题所在的句子:

the reason for rising rates of mortality, mental-health problems, and addiction ___ poorly-educated, middle-aged people is a shortage of well-paid jobs.

这里的意思是:
在受教育程度低的中年人群中,死亡率、心理健康问题和成瘾现象上升的原因,是缺少高薪工作。

  • 空格前是 mortality, mental-health problems, and addiction(一系列问题)
  • 空格后是 poorly-educated, middle-aged people(特定人群)
  • 空格需要填入一个介词,表示这些问题是“在……之中”发生的。

选项分析:

  • A. under:一般表示“在……之下”,不用于表示“在某个群体中”有某种现象。
  • B. beyond:表示“超出”,语义不符。
  • C. alongside:表示“与……一起”,不表示“在某个群体中”。
  • D. among:表示“在……群体中”,符合“在受教育程度低的中年人群体中,这些问题发生率上升”的意思。

因此正确答案是 D. among

10
正确答案:C

解析:

  1. 上下文逻辑
    前文提到失业会导致心理问题、成瘾率升高等负面后果,并指出这可能就是为什么很多人对“没有工作的未来”感到担忧。
    空格处需要填入一个表示“担忧、忧虑”之意的短语。

  2. 选项分析

    • A. leave behind(留下,抛弃) → 不符合语义
    • B. make up(编造,弥补,组成) → 不符合
    • C. worry about(担心) → 符合“对未来的痛苦和无聊感到忧虑”的语境
    • D. set aside(搁置,留出) → 不符合
  3. 句意确认
    “Perhaps this is why many ___ the agonizing dullness of a jobless future.”
    (也许这就是为什么许多人 担心 没有工作的未来那种令人痛苦的乏味。)
    只有 C. worry about 在意思和语法上都合适。

答案:C

11
正确答案:C

解析:

第 11 题位于句子:
“But it doesn’t ______ follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease.”

  • 上文提到失业者更容易抑郁,缺乏高薪工作可能导致死亡率上升等研究结果。
  • 下文则说这些对未来的悲观预测是基于“在就业型社会中失业”的现状,而在一个不围绕就业设计的社会里,情况可能完全不同。
  • 因此,作者认为从这些研究结果不一定能推出“无工作世界必然充满焦虑”的结论。

逻辑关系
“doesn’t necessarily follow” 是常见的英文表达,意为“不一定能推断出”。

  • A. statistically(统计上)
  • B. occasionally(偶尔)
  • C. necessarily(必然)
  • D. economically(经济上)

只有 C. necessarily 符合“不一定”的逻辑,表示从现有数据不能必然推出那种结论。

答案:C

12
正确答案:B

解析:

第 12 题所在句子为:

Such visions are based on the ______ of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment.

句意理解
这种(对未来失业的负面)想象,是基于 在一个以就业为概念构建的社会中失业的 ______

逻辑分析
前文提到,失业的人往往更抑郁,缺乏工作会导致生活失去目标等。因此,这些对未来无工作社会的担忧,是基于 当前社会中失业的负面体验

  • A. chances(机会) → 不符合负面语境
  • B. downsides(缺点、不利之处) → 符合“失业的负面体验”
  • C. benefits(好处) → 与上下文意思相反
  • D. principles(原则) → 语义不通

因此,B. downsides 最符合文意,即“这些想象是基于在就业型社会中失业的弊端”。

答案:B

13
正确答案:A

解析:

第 13 题位于句子:

In the ______ of work, a society designed with other ends in mind could …

该句意思是:“在没有工作的情况下,一个以其他目的为设计目标的社会可能会……”。

  • A. absence(缺席,缺乏)→ “In the absence of work” 意为“在没有工作的情况下”,符合上下文逻辑。
  • B. height(高度)→ “In the height of work” 意为“在工作的高峰期”,与后文“设计成其他目标的社会”逻辑不符。
  • C. face(面对)→ “In the face of work” 意为“面对工作”,不符合语境。
  • D. course(过程)→ “In the course of work” 意为“在工作过程中”,也与后文意思不符。

因此,只有 A. absence 符合文意,表示“在没有工作的情形下”,与上文“失业的痛苦是基于就业概念的社会中的现象”形成对比,引出另一种可能性。

正确答案:A

14
正确答案:D

我们先看第14题所在的句子:

In the absence of work, a society designed with other ends in mind could ____ strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure.

句意是:在没有工作的情况下,一个以其他目标为设计理念的社会,可能会 产生/带来 截然不同的劳动与休闲前景。


选项分析

  • A. disturb(扰乱)—— 与“产生不同的情况”逻辑不符,且 disturb 通常接负面的宾语,这里没有负面含义。
  • B. restore(恢复)—— 恢复的是原有的东西,但这里说的是“strikingly different”(截然不同的),所以语义矛盾。
  • C. exclude(排除)—— 排除某种情况,与句意不符。
  • D. yield(产生,带来)—— yield 有“产生(结果、情况)”之意,符合“a society … could yield strikingly different circumstances”的搭配。

因此,正确答案是 D. yield

15
正确答案:C

解析:

第 15 题所在句子为:

Today, the 15 of work may be a bit overblown.

四个选项:
A. model(模式)
B. practice(实践)
C. virtue(优点、美德)
D. hardship(艰难)


解题思路:

  1. 上文提到,很多人担心没有工作的未来会让人痛苦、抑郁、失去目标。
  2. 本句说“如今,工作的 15 可能被夸大了一点”,后面紧接着引用 John Danaher 的话说“很多工作无聊、有辱人格、不健康、浪费人的潜力”。
  3. 这显然是在反驳“工作很重要、很有价值”的观点,因此这里应填入表示“工作的好处/优点/美德”的词。
  4. virtue 在这里不是“美德”的字面意思,而是指“被认为好的方面、优点、价值”。
  5. 其他选项:
    • A. model(模式)—— 与“被夸大”不搭配,语义不符。
    • B. practice(实践)—— 工作实践被夸大?逻辑不通。
    • D. hardship(艰难)—— 上下文没有强调“工作的艰难被夸大”,而是说“工作的好处被夸大”。

因此正确答案是 C. virtue

16
正确答案:D

解析:

第 16 题空格所在句子为:

These days, because leisure time is relatively ______ for most workers, people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional demands of their jobs.

逻辑关系分析:

  • 后文提到“人们用空闲时间来平衡工作的智力与情感需求”,说明空闲时间有限,所以才需要特意用其来“补偿”工作中的消耗。
  • 如果空闲时间很多(lengthy),就不需要强调“用空闲时间来平衡”这种逻辑。
  • “scarce”(稀少的、不足的)符合上下文:因为空闲时间少,所以人们珍惜并利用它来缓解工作压力。

选项分析:
A. tricky(棘手的)—— 不用于形容时间。
B. lengthy(冗长的)—— 与文意相反。
C. mysterious(神秘的)—— 不符合语义。
D. scarce(稀少的)—— 符合逻辑和常识。

因此正确答案是 D. scarce

17
正确答案:A

解析:

第 17 题空格所在句子是:

people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional ______ of their jobs.

逻辑分析:

  • “counterbalance”(抵消/平衡)提示,空格处应填入工作带来的某种负担或要求
  • “intellectual and emotional” 修饰空格,说明是智力与情感方面的要求
  • 工作中对智力与情感的“demands”(要求)是常见的搭配,并且与“用自由时间来平衡”形成合理对应。

选项分析:

  • A. demands(要求)→ 符合语境,表示工作对智力与情感的要求,人们用闲暇来平衡这些要求。
  • B. standards(标准)→ 通常指衡量标准,与“平衡”搭配不自然。
  • C. qualities(品质)→ 与“平衡”逻辑不符,品质不是需要抵消的东西。
  • D. threats(威胁)→ 语气过重,且“智力与情感的威胁”搭配不当。

因此,正确选项是 A. demands

18
正确答案:B

解析:

  1. 上下文线索
    本段讨论的是“工作”与“休闲”的关系。前一句提到,人们用空闲时间来平衡工作带来的“智力与情感需求”(intellectual and emotional demands),因此下班回家时,通常是因为工作劳累,而不是饥饿、被忽视或困惑。

  2. 直接引语内容
    Danaher 说:“当我结束一天辛苦的工作回家时,我经常感到______。”
    这里“辛苦的工作”(a hard day’s work)直接提示身体或精神上的疲劳,所以 tired(疲惫)最符合逻辑。

  3. 排除其他选项

    • A. ignored(被忽视)→ 与工作劳累无直接关系
    • C. confused(困惑)→ 文中未提及工作导致困惑
    • D. starved(饥饿)→ 虽然工作可能让人饿,但此处重点在劳累后的感受,不是生理饥饿

因此,正确选项是 B. tired

19
正确答案:D

解析:

第 19 题考查的是动词短语 throw oneself into 的固定搭配。

  • throw oneself into 意为“投身于,积极从事”,后面接某种活动或项目,表示全身心投入。
  • 原文语境是:在没有工作的世界里,作者可能会感到不同,以至于会 投身于 一项爱好或热爱的事业。
  • 其他选项:
    • throw off 摆脱、甩掉
    • throw against 扔向、撞击(不用于抽象活动)
    • throw behind 不支持这种搭配(有 “throw one’s weight behind” 支持,但这里不适用)

因此,只有 throw himself into 符合语义,表示“全身心投入到爱好中”。

答案:D

20
正确答案:B

解析:

第 20 题所在的句子是:

… throw himself ___ a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for ___ matters.

意思是:
“他可能会以通常保留给 ___ 事务 的那种强度,投身于一项爱好或一个热爱项目。”

这里的逻辑是:在没有工作的世界里,人们会把原本用于 工作(职业) 的专注度和精力,投入到自己的兴趣项目中。

  • A. technological(技术的)—— 与“工作”没有直接对应关系。
  • B. professional(职业的)—— 符合语境,因为“professional matters”通常指工作、职业相关的事务。
  • C. educational(教育的)—— 与工作强度没有必然联系。
  • D. interpersonal(人际的)—— 不匹配“强度通常保留给”的常见搭配。

因此,B. professional 是正确答案。

阅读理解

Part A

Directions

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, Cor Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)

Text 1

Every Saturday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off forun Skm around their local park. The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad. Events are free, stafied by thousands of volunteers. Runners range from four years old to grandparents;, their times range from Andrew Baddeley’s world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour.

Parkrun is succeeding where London’s Olympic “legacy” is failing. Ten years ago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in London. Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Games would be to level a nation of sport lovers away from their couches. The population would be fitter,

healthier and produce more winners.It has not happened. The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million in the run- up to 2012-but the general population was growing faster. Worse, the mumbers are now falling at an accelerating rate. The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved. Obesity has risen among adults and children. Official retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed to “inspire a generation.“The success of Parkrun offers answers.

Parkun is not a race but a time trial: Your only competitor is the clock. The ethos welcomes anybody. There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining. The Olympic bidders, by contrast, wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes. The dual aim was mixed up: The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers.

Indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentally “grassroots”,concept as community sports associations. If there is a role for government, it should really be getting involved in providing common goods- making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools.But successive governments have presided over selling green spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and decining attention on sport in education. Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive. Or at least not make them worse.

21

According to Paragraph1, Parkrun has

正确答案:A

解析:

题目要求根据第一段判断 Parkrun 的情况。
第一段提到:

  • 每周六早上 9 点,超过 5 万名跑步者参加 Parkrun。
  • 它最初只有十几个朋友参加,现在已发展成英国 400 场活动,国外也有更多。
  • 参与者年龄从 4 岁到祖父母辈,成绩范围从世界纪录 13 分 48 秒到 1 小时。

这些信息表明 Parkrun 参与人数多、规模大、影响范围广,因此 A. gained great popularity(大受欢迎) 正确。

B 项“创造了很多工作”不对,因为工作人员是志愿者,不是正式工作。
C 项“加强了社区联系”在第一段没有直接依据。
D 项“成为官方节日”文中未提。

答案:A

22

The author believes that London’s Olympic “legacy” has taied to

正确答案:B

解析:

题目问的是作者认为伦敦奥运会的“遗产”在哪方面失败了。
文章第二段提到,伦敦奥运会的规划文件中承诺要让国民离开沙发、爱上运动,使人口更健康、更爱运动,并产生更多冠军。但紧接着作者指出“It has not happened”,并且提供了具体数据:每周运动的成年人数在2012年前虽有增长,但人口增长更快,而且现在运动人数还在加速下降。此外,小学生每周至少运动两小时的人数几乎减半,肥胖率上升。

这些都是在说明奥运会的“激励一代人”和“促进全民运动参与”的目标没有实现。
因此,正确选项是 B. promote sport participation(促进运动参与)。

A 选项(促进人口增长)并非奥运目标,文中人口增长只是用来对比运动参与率不足的背景信息。
C 选项(提升城市形象)文中未讨论。
D 选项(增加学校运动时间)只是局部现象,且文中提到的是运动时间减少,不是奥运遗产的核心失败点。

23

Parkrun is differenf fiom Olympic games in that it_

正确答案:C

解析:

题目问的是 Parkrun 与奥运会的不同之处。
文章第三段明确对比了两者的理念:

  • Parkrun:不是比赛,而是个人计时跑,唯一的对手是时钟。它欢迎任何人,无论是初次参赛者气喘吁吁地冲过终点,还是顶尖选手表现出色,都同样受到欢呼。
  • 奥运会:bidder(申办者)的目标是让更多人参与运动并培养更多精英运动员,但强调成功而非参与,这让新手感到畏惧。

因此,Parkrun 不强调精英主义(elitism),而奥运会更注重竞技水平和精英选手的培养。
选项 C. does not emphasize elitism(不强调精英主义)与此相符。

其他选项分析:

  • A 项(旨在发掘人才)与 Parkrun 理念相反;
  • B 项(注重大众竞赛)虽然 Parkrun 面向大众,但重点不是“竞赛”,而是个人挑战和参与感;
  • D 项(不吸引初次参与者)与文中“欢迎初次参与者”矛盾。

正确答案:C

24

With regard to mass spor, the author holds that governmentsshould

正确答案:D

解析:

  1. 题干定位
    题目问:关于大众体育,作者认为政府应该做什么。
    关键信息出现在文章最后一段,尤其是作者对政府角色的看法。

  2. 关键句分析

    • 文中提到:

      If there is a role for government, it should really be getting involved in providing common goods — making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools.
      这句话明确指出,政府的角色应是提供公共物品,包括确保运动场地、资助修建球场、鼓励学校开展体育活动。
      这对应选项 D. invest in public sports facilities(投资公共体育设施)。

    • 作者还批评了过去的政府:

      But successive governments have presided over selling green spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education.
      这从反面说明,政府应该做的是保留绿地、投资公共体育设施,而不是减少投入。

  3. 排除其他选项

    • A. organize “grassroots” sports events
      作者认为国家干预 grassroots 社区体育是有点荒谬的(something a little absurd),因此政府不应直接组织这类活动。
    • B. supervise local sports associations
      文中未提及政府要监督地方体育协会。
    • C. increase funds for sports clubs
      文中强调的是公共设施(public goods),而不是直接给俱乐部资金。
  4. 结论
    作者主张政府应投资公共体育设施,为大众体育创造条件,而不是直接组织活动或只资助俱乐部。
    因此正确选项是 D

25

The author’s atitude to what UK govemments have done for sports is

正确答案:B

解析:

  1. 定位相关段落
    题目问作者对英国政府在体育方面所做事情的态度。文章最后一段集中讨论了政府的行为。

  2. 分析关键句

    • “If there is a role for government, it should really be getting involved in providing common goods—making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools.”
      这里作者提出政府应该做的事。
    • “But successive governments have presided over selling green spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education.”
      这里用 But 转折,指出政府实际做的却是相反的:卖掉绿地、削减资金、减少对学校体育的重视。
    • “Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive. Or at least not make them worse.”
      作者批评当前政府只有空谈,没有真正创造有利条件,甚至让情况更糟。
  3. 判断态度
    作者明显对政府过去和现在的做法持否定、批评的态度,认为政府没有尽到责任,反而破坏了社区体育发展的基础环境。

  4. 匹配选项
    A. tolerant(宽容的)—— 明显不符
    B. critical(批评的)—— 符合
    C. uncertain(不确定的)—— 不符,作者观点明确
    D. sympathetic(同情的)—— 不符

因此正确答案是 B。

Text 2

With so much focus on children’s use of screen,it’s easy for parents to forget about their own screen use.“Tech is designed to really suck on you in,“says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play, “and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement.It makes it hard to disengage, and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine.”

Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise. She found that mothers who sued devices during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children.During a separate observation, she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family. Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention.

Infants are wired to look at parents’ faces to ry to understand their world, and if those faces are blank and unresponsive-as they often are when absorbed in a device- it can be extremely disconcerting foe the children.Radesky cites the"still face experiment” devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s.In it, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback; The child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother’s attention.“Parents don’t have to be exquisitely parents at all times, but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a child’s verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need,“says Radesky.

On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids’ use of screens are born out of an “oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting” with their children:“It’s based on a somewhat fantasized, very white, very upper-middle-class ideology that says if you’re failing to expose your child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them.” Tronick believes that just because a child isn’t learning from the screen doesn’t mean there’s no value to it- particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break from their child. Parents, he says,can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way. This can make them feel happie,which lets then be more available to their child the rest of the time

26

According to Jeny Radesky, digital products are designed to

正确答案:B

解析:

题目问的是根据 Jenny Radesky 的观点,数字产品的设计目的是什么

文章第一段中,Jenny Radesky 的原话是:

“Tech is designed to really suck on you in, and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement.”

其中 “suck you in”“promote maximal engagement” 都表示“吸引用户,让用户沉浸其中”,也就是 absorb user attention(吸引用户注意力)。

因此,正确选项是 B

A(简化日常事务)、C(改善人际关系)、D(提高工作效率)在文中均未作为数字产品的设计目的被提及。

27

Radesky’s food-testing exercise shows that mothers’ use of devices

正确答案:D

解析:

题目问的是 Radesky 的“食物测试实验”表明,母亲使用电子设备会带来什么影响。

  1. 定位原文

    • 第二段提到 Radesky 的研究:

      She found that mothers who used devices during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children.
      意思是:使用设备的母亲与孩子的言语互动减少 20%,非言语互动减少 39%。

  2. 选项分析

    • A. takes away babies’ appetite(影响婴儿食欲) → 文中未提及食欲变化。
    • B. distracts children’s attention(分散孩子的注意力) → 文中提到孩子会试图吸引父母注意,但这是结果,不是实验直接表明的母亲使用设备的主要影响。
    • C. slows down babies’ verbal development(减缓婴儿语言发展) → 文中未直接测试语言发展速度,只提到互动减少。
    • D. reduces mother-child communication(减少母子交流) → 与原文“verbal and nonverbal interactions 减少”完全对应。
  3. 结论
    实验数据直接表明,母亲使用电子设备会减少与孩子的交流,因此正确答案是 D

28

Radesky’s cites the “sil aceaperiment” to show that

正确答案:D

解析:

题目要求找出 Radesky 引用“静止脸实验”(still face experiment)的目的。

  1. 原文定位

    • 第三段提到,婴儿会通过观察父母的面部表情来理解世界,如果父母面无表情、不回应(如专注于电子设备时),孩子会感到不安。
    • Radesky 引用该实验是为了说明:当母亲停止对孩子做出反应时,孩子会变得痛苦,试图吸引母亲的注意。
    • 接着 Radesky 总结说:“父母不必时时刻刻都完美,但需要平衡,并且要对孩子情感需求的语言或非语言表达做出反应和敏感回应。”
  2. 选项分析

    • A:孩子容易习惯面无表情 —— 实验表明孩子对无表情的反应是痛苦,不是习惯,错误。
    • B:语言表达对情绪变化不必要 —— 文中未否定语言表达的作用,且实验强调非语言交流的重要性,但并非说语言不必要,错误。
    • C:孩子对父母情绪变化不敏感 —— 实验恰恰说明孩子非常敏感,错误。
    • D:父母需要回应孩子的情感需求 —— 这与 Radesky 引用实验后得出的结论一致,正确。

答案:D

29

The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to

正确答案:C

解析:

  1. 定位原文
    题干中的 “oppressive ideology” 出现在文章第四段开头:

    Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids’ use of screens are born out of an “oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting” with their children.

  2. 理解关键句
    这句话明确说明,这种 “oppressive ideology” 要求父母应该 always be interacting(总是与孩子互动)。

  3. 核对选项

    • A:保护孩子免受荒诞幻想的影响 → 未提及。
    • B:每年教孩子至少 30,000 个单词 → 这是该意识形态下的一个具体例子,但不是它的核心要求。
    • C:确保与孩子持续互动 → 与 “always be interacting” 对应。
    • D:仍然担心孩子使用电子屏幕 → 这是现象,不是意识形态的要求。
  4. 答案确定
    原文直接说明这种意识形态要求父母总是与孩子互动,因此正确选项是 C

30

According to Tronick, kid’s use of screens may.

正确答案:A

解析:

题目问的是 “根据 Tronick 的观点,孩子使用电子屏幕可能……”

在文章最后一段中,Tronick 提到:

Tronick believes that just because a child isn’t learning from the screen doesn’t mean there’s no value to it — particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break from their child.

这句话明确说明,孩子使用屏幕的一个价值是让父母有时间做自己的事,也就是给父母一些自由时间。

选项分析:

  • A. give their parents some free time → 与原文“gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break”对应,正确。
  • B. make their parents more creative → 文中未提及。
  • C. help them with their homework → 文中未提及。
  • D. help them become more attentive → 文中未提及,且 Tronick 讨论的是父母获得休息,不是孩子更专注。

因此正确答案是 A

Text 3

Today, widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction with increasingly high expectations in a fast-moving world often causes students to completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year. After all, if everyone you know is going to college in the fall, it seems silly to stay back a year, doesn’t it? And after going to school for 12 years, it doesnt feel natural to spend a year doing something that isn’t academic.

But while this may be true, it’s not a good enough reason to condemn gap years. There’s always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the socially perpetuated “race to the finish line,“whether that be toward graduate school, medical school or lucrative career. But despite common misconceptions,a gap year does not hinder the success of academic pursuits-in fact,it probably enhances it

Sudies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap year are generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who do not. Rather than pulling students back, a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing them for independence,new responsibilities and environmental changes -all things that first-year students often struggle with the most. Gap year experiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new environment,making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than acclimation blunders.

If you’re not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to explore interests, then consider its financial impact on future academic choices. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, nearly 80 percent of college students end up changing their majors at least once.This isn’t surprising,considering the basic mandatory high school curriculum leaves students with a poor understanding of themselves listing one major on their college applications,but switching to another after taking college classes. It’s not necssarily a bad thing, but depending on the school, it can be costly to make up credits after switching too late in the game. At Boston College, for example, you would have to complete an extra year were you to switch to the nursing school fom another department. Taking a gap year to figure things out initially can help prevent stress and save money later on.

31

One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that

正确答案:C

解析:

题目问的是“高中毕业生不选择间隔年(gap year)的原因之一是什么”。

原文第一段提到:

After all, if everyone you know is going to college in the fall, it seems silly to stay back a year, doesn’t it? And after going to school for 12 years, it doesn’t feel natural to spend a year doing something that isn’t academic.

这句话的意思是:如果你认识的所有人都在秋季去上大学,而你却要晚一年再去,这看起来似乎很傻;而且上了 12 年学之后,花一年时间做非学术的事情会让人觉得不自然。

也就是说,学生不选择间隔年的原因之一是他们觉得和别人不一样会很奇怪,这与选项 C “it feels strange to do differently from others”(做和别人不同的事感觉奇怪)意思一致。


其他选项分析:

  • A 他们认为间隔年在学业上具有误导性 → 原文未提及“学业误导”,只提到间隔年不会阻碍学业,反而可能有益。
  • B 他们对大学有很多乐趣期待 → 原文未提及。
  • D 他们认为参加校外课程没有价值 → 原文未提及“校外课程”相关内容。

因此正确答案是 C

32

Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps

正确答案:D

解析:

题目问的是美国和澳大利亚的研究表明,间隔年有助于什么。

文章第三段提到:

Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap year are generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who do not.

Gap year experiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new environment, making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than acclimation blunders.

这里的关键是 lessen the blow(减轻冲击)和 adjusting to college(适应大学),说明间隔年能减轻大一新生在适应新环境时的压力,让他们更容易专注于学业和活动。

选项分析:

  • A 防止学生不切实际(文中未直接强调)
  • B 降低择业风险(文中虽提到换专业,但研究本身不直接说择业风险)
  • C 缓解新生的经济负担(第四段提到长远可省钱,但研究结果主要针对学业准备和适应,不是直接针对经济负担)
  • D 减轻新生的压力(与第三段“减轻适应大学的冲击”对应,即 relieve pressures)

因此正确选项是 D

33

The word “acclimation”(Line 8, Para.3)is closest in meaning to

正确答案:A

解析:

  1. 定位原文
    原文第三段最后一句提到:

    Gap year experiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new environment, making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than acclimation blunders.
    (间隔年的经历可以减轻学生在适应大学和面对全新环境时的冲击,使他们更容易专注于学业和活动,而不是在 ______ 上犯错。)

  2. 语境分析
    前半句已经提到 adjusting to college(适应大学)和 brand new environment(全新环境),说明这里在讲“适应新环境”的过程。
    “acclimation blunders” 与前面的 “adjusting” 是同一语义场,意思是“适应过程中犯的错误”。

  3. 词义推断
    “acclimation” 来自动词 acclimate,意为“使适应(新环境、气候等)”,与 adaptation 同义。
    其他选项:

    • B. application(应用)
    • C. motivation(动机)
    • D. competition(竞争)
      均与“适应新环境”的语境不符。
  4. 因此,正确答案是 A. adaptation(适应)。

34

A gap year may save money for students by helping them

正确答案:D

解析:

题目问:间隔年可以通过帮助学生______来节省开支。

文章第四段提到:

  • 近80%的大学生在大学期间至少换一次专业。
  • 换专业不一定不好,但如果换得太晚,可能需要补修学分,从而产生额外费用。
  • 举例说明:在波士顿学院,如果从其他系转到护理学院,可能需要多读一年。
  • 最后一句明确点出:“花一个间隔年提前把事情想清楚,有助于避免压力,并在以后节省开支。”

这里的“把事情想清楚”指的是在入学前确定适合自己的专业,避免入学后因换专业而产生额外的时间和金钱成本。

因此,间隔年通过 “帮助学生确定合适的专业” 来节省开支。
选项 D. decide on the right major 符合文意。

其他选项分析:

  • A:避免学业失败(文中未直接说间隔年能避免学业失败,而是说能更好适应大学生活)
  • B:确立长期目标(文中未明确提及长期目标)
  • C:转到另一所大学(文中讨论的是换专业,而不是换学校)
35

The most suitable title for this text would be

正确答案:A

解析:

  1. 文章主旨分析
    文章首先指出社会普遍存在一种压力,即高中毕业后立即进入大学,而忽略了“间隔年”的可能性。随后,作者通过多个角度反驳了这种观念,指出间隔年不仅不会阻碍学业发展,反而有助于学生更好地为大学生活做准备,提升学业表现,并可能节省未来因转专业而产生的成本。

  2. 作者态度判断
    文中多次使用正面论证支持间隔年,例如:

    • “a gap year does not hinder the success of academic pursuits — in fact, it probably enhances it”
    • “students who take a gap year are generally better prepared for and perform better in college”
    • “Taking a gap year to figure things out initially can help prevent stress and save money later on”
      这些内容明确表明作者支持间隔年。
  3. 选项分析

    • A. In Favor of the Gap Year(支持间隔年)—— 与文章主旨和作者态度一致。
    • B. The ABCs of the Gap Year(间隔年的基础知识)—— 文章并未系统介绍间隔年的基本概念或操作方法,而是重在论证其益处。
    • C. The Gap Year Comes Back(间隔年回归)—— 文中未强调间隔年“重新流行”这一趋势,而是讨论其被忽视的价值。
    • D. The Gap Year: A Dilemma(间隔年:一个困境)—— 与文章支持间隔年的立场相反。
  4. 结论
    文章是一篇典型的议论文,旨在说服读者接受间隔年的价值,因此最合适的标题是 A. In Favor of the Gap Year

答案:A

Text 4

Though often viewed as a problem for western states, the growing frequency of wildires is a national concern because of its impact on federal tax dollars, says Professor Max Moritz, a specialist in fire ecology and management.

In 2015, the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its S.5 billion annual budget fighting fires - nearly double the percentage it spent on such efforts 20 years ago. In effect, fewer federal funds today are going towards the agency’s other work - such as forest conservation, watershed and cultural resources management, and infrastructure upkeep- that affect the lives of all Americans.

Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agencies are going into construction in fire-prone districts. As Moritz puts it, how often are federal dollars building homes that are likely to be lost to a wildire?

“It’s already a huge problem from a public expendirure perspective for the whole country,”’ he says. We need to take a magnifying glass to that. Like,“Wait a minute, is this OK?*Dowe want instead to redirect those finds to concentrate on lower-hazard parts of the landscape?”

Such a view would require a corresponding shift in the way US sociery today views fire, researchers say.

For one thing,conversations about wildfires need to be more inclusive. Over the past decade, the focus has been on climate change - how the warming of the Earth from greenhouse gases is leading to conditions that worsen fires.

While climate is a key element, Moritz says, it shouldn’t come at the expense of the rest of the equation.

“The human systems and the landscapes we live on are linked, and the interactions go both ways,” he says. Failing to recognize that, he notes, leads to “an overly simplified view of what the solutions might be. Our perception of the problem and of what the solution is becomes very limited.”

At the same time, people continue to treat fire as an event that needs to be wholly controled and unleashed only out of necessit, says Professor Balch at the University of Colorado. But acknowledging fire’s inevitable presence in human life is an attitude crucial to developing the laws, policies, and practices that make it as safe as possible, she says.

“We’ve discomected ourselves from living with fire,” Balch says.“It is really inportant to understand and try and tease out what is the human connection with fire today.”

36

More frequent wildfires have become a national concern because in 2015 they

正确答案:B

解析:

题目问的是:为什么日益频繁的野火成为了全国性的担忧,尤其是在 2015 年?

文章第二段明确提到:

In 2015, the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its $5 billion annual budget fighting fires — nearly double the percentage it spent on such efforts 20 years ago.

意思是:2015 年,美国林务局首次将超过一半的年度预算用于灭火,这个比例几乎是 20 年前的两倍。

选项 B 说 “消耗了创纪录比例的预算”,与原文 “more than half of its … budget” 和 “nearly double the percentage” 对应,因此正确。

其他选项分析:

  • A “耗尽了前所未有的管理努力” —— 文中没有强调“管理努力”被耗尽,而是强调预算比例增加。
  • C “严重破坏了西部州的生态” —— 虽然第一句提到西部州,但全国担忧的原因在于联邦预算影响,而不是生态破坏本身。
  • D “导致基础设施支出大幅上升” —— 文中提到基础设施维护资金减少,而不是上升。

因此正确答案是 B

37

Moritz calls for the use of"a magnifying glass^t

正确答案:D

解析:

  1. 定位原文
    题干中的 “a magnifying glass” 出现在第四段,Moritz 说:

    “It’s already a huge problem from a public expenditure perspective for the whole country,” he says. “We need to take a magnifying glass to that. Like, ‘Wait a minute, is this OK? Do we want instead to redirect those funds to concentrate on lower-hazard parts of the landscape?’”

  2. 理解上下文
    前文提到,联邦资金被用于火灾易发区的房屋建设,而这些房屋很可能被野火烧毁,这是公共支出的浪费。
    “take a magnifying glass” 意思是仔细检查、审视当前的资金使用是否合理。

  3. 选项分析

    • A “为火灾易发区筹集更多资金” → 与原文意思相反,Moritz 质疑的是在火灾高风险区花钱。
    • B “避免联邦资金的重新定向” → 原文中他恰恰建议重新定向资金到低风险区。
    • C “找到不会发生野火的地区” → 原文是 “lower-hazard parts”,不是完全无火,且 “找到” 不是主要目的,目的是更安全的资金使用。
    • D “保证公共资金更安全的支出” → 符合原文意图,即审视公共开支是否合理,避免在火灾高风险区投资,确保资金用在更安全的地方。
  4. 结论
    Moritz 呼吁用 “放大镜” 仔细审视公共资金的使用,是为了让资金花在更安全、风险更低的地方,因此选 D

38

While admitting that limate is a key element, Moritz notes that

正确答案:C

解析:

题目问的是:虽然承认气候是一个关键因素,但 Moritz 指出______。

原文对应部分在第七、八段:

While climate is a key element, Moritz says, it shouldn’t come at the expense of the rest of the equation.
“The human systems and the landscapes we live on are linked, and the interactions go both ways,” he says. Failing to recognize that, he notes, leads to “an overly simplified view of what the solutions might be. Our perception of the problem and of what the solution is becomes very limited.”

Moritz 的意思是,虽然气候很重要,但不能因此忽略其他因素(the rest of the equation),否则会导致对问题的理解过于简单化。

选项分析:

  • A 项“公众争论尚未解决”在文中未直接对应 Moritz 的这句话。
  • B 项“消防条件正在改善”文中未提及。
  • C 项“其他因素不应被忽视”与原文“it shouldn’t come at the expense of the rest of the equation”意思一致。
  • D 项“对火的看法已经发生转变”与 Moritz 的观点无直接对应,且文中说这种转变是需要的,但还没发生。

因此正确答案是 C

39

The overly simplified view Moritz mentions is a result of failing to

正确答案:D

解析:

  1. 定位关键信息
    题目问的是“Moritz 提到的过度简化的观点是由于未能……”。原文中 Moritz 说:

    “The human systems and the landscapes we live on are linked, and the interactions go both ways,” he says. Failing to recognize that, he notes, leads to “an overly simplified view of what the solutions might be.”

  2. 理解核心逻辑
    Moritz 指出:

    • 人类系统和自然景观是相互联系的,并且相互作用是双向的。
    • 如果没有认识到这一点,就会导致对解决方案的看法过于简化。
      因此,“过度简化的观点”是因为没有认识到 人与自然的相互联系
  3. 匹配选项

    • A 选项:发现自然的基本构成 — 原文未强调“自然的基本构成”,而是强调人与自然的相互作用。
    • B 选项:探索人类系统的机制 — 片面,只提到人类系统,未强调与自然景观的相互作用。
    • C 选项:最大化景观在人类生活中的作用 — 原文未提“最大化景观作用”,而是强调相互联系。
    • D 选项:理解人与自然的相互关系 — 与原文 “human systems and the landscapes are linked, interactions go both ways” 完全对应。

答案:D

40

Professor Balch points out that fire is something man should

正确答案:B

解析:

题目问的是 Balch 教授 指出的观点:火是人类应该 如何对待 的东西。
我们定位到文中关于 Balch 教授的内容:

At the same time, people continue to treat fire as an event that needs to be wholly controlled and unleashed only out of necessity, says Professor Balch … But acknowledging fire’s inevitable presence in human life is an attitude crucial to developing the laws, policies, and practices that make it as safe as possible, she says.
“We’ve disconnected ourselves from living with fire,” Balch says. “It is really important to understand and try and tease out what is the human connection with fire today.”

关键信息提炼:

  • 人们习惯把火视为需要完全控制的东西。
  • Balch 认为,承认火在人类生活中不可避免 的态度很重要。
  • 她说我们已与“与火共存”断开联系,需要重新理解人与火的关系。

因此,Balch 主张的是 接受火的存在并学会与之安全共存,而不是彻底消灭它或逃避它。

选项分析:

  • A. do away with(消除)—— 与 Balch 观点相反。
  • B. come to terms with(接受,与…达成妥协)—— 符合“承认其不可避免并与之共存”的意思。
  • C. pay a price for(付出代价)—— 文中未强调“付出代价”这一说法。
  • D. keep away from(远离)—— 与“与火共存”观点相反。

正确答案:B

Part B

Directions

Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

41-45

The decline in American manufacturing is a common refrain, particularly from Donald Trump. “We don’t make anything anymore,” he told Fox News, while defending his own made-in-Mexico clothing line.

Without question, manufacturing has taken a significant hit during recent decades, and further trade deals raise questions about whether new shocks could hit manufacturing. But there is also a different way to look at the data.

Across the country, factory owners are now grappling with a new challenge: instead of having too many workers, they may end up with too few. Despite trade competition and outsourcing, American manufacturing still needs to replace tens of thousands of retiring boomers every years. Millenials may not be that interested in taking their place, other industries are recruiting them with similar or better pay.

For factory owners, it all adds up to stiff competition for workers - and upward pressure on wages. “They’re harder to find and they have job offers,” says Jay Dunwell, president of Wolverine Coil Spring, a family-owned firm, “They may be coming [into the workforce], but they’ve been plucked by other industries that are also doing an well as manufacturing,” Mr. Dunwell has begun bringing high school juniors to the factory so they can get exposed to is culture.

At RoMan Manufacturing, a maker of electrical transformers and welding equipment that his father cofounded in 1980, Robert Roth keep a close eye on the age of his nearly 200 workers, five are retiring this year. Mr. Roth has three community-college students enrolled in a work placement program, with a starting wage of $13 an hour that rises to $17 after two years.

At a worktable inside the transformer plant, young Jason Stenquist looks flustered by the copper coils he’s trying to assemble and the arrival of two visitors. It’s his first week on the job. Asked about his choice of career, he says at high school he considered medical school before switching to electrical engineering. “I love working with tools. I love creating,” he says.

But to win over these young workers, manufacturers have to clear another major hurdle: parents, who lived through the worst US economic downturn since the Great Depression, telling them to avoid the factory. Millennials “remember their father and mother both were laid off. They blame it on the manufacturing recession,” says Birgit Klohs, chief executive of The Right Place, a business development agency for western Michigan.

These concerns aren’t misplaced: Employment in manufacturing has fallen from 17 million in 1970 to 12 million in 2013. When the recovery began, worker shortages first appeared in the high-skilled trades. Now shortages are appearing at the mid-skill levels.

“The gap is between the jobs that take to skills and those that require a lot of skill,” says Rob Spohr, a business professor at Montcalm Community College. “There’re enough people to fill the jobs at McDonalds and other places where you don’t need to have much skill, It’s that gap in between, and that’s where the problem is.”

Julie Parks of Grand Rapids Community points to another key to luring Millennials into manufacturing: a work life balance. While their parents were content to work long hours, young people value flexibility. “Overtime is not attractive to this generation. They really want to live their lives,” she says.

[A] says that he switched to electrical engineering because he loves working with tools.
41.Jay Dunwell[B] points out that there are enough people to fill the jobs that don’t need much skill.
42.Jason Stenquist[C] points out that the US doesn’t manufacture anything anymore.
43.Birgit Klohs[D] believes that it is important to keep a close eye on the age of his workers.
44.Rob Spohr[E] says that for factory owners, workers are harder to find because of stiff competition.
t 45.Julie Parks[F] points out that a work/life balance can attract young people into manufacturing.
[G] says that the manufacturing recession is to blame for the lay-off of the young people’s parents.

Part C

Directions

Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)

46

My dream has always been to work somewhere in an area between fashion and publishing. Two years before graduating from secondary school, I took a sewing and design course thinking that I would move on to a fashion design course. However, during that course I realized I was not good enough in this area to compete with other creative personalities in the future, so I decided that it was not the right path for me. Before applying for university I told everyone that I would study journalism, because writing was, and still is, one of my favourite activities. But, to be honest, I said it, because I thought that fashion and me together was just a dream – I knew that no one could imagine me in the fashion industry at all! So I decided to look for some fashion-related courses that included writing. This is when I noticed the course “Fashion Media & Promotion.”

写作

Part A

47

Directions

Suppose you are invited by Professor Williams to give a presentation about Chinese culture to a group of international students. Write a reply to

  1. accept the invitation, and

  2. introduce the key points of your presentation.

You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.

Do not use your own name. Use “Li Ming” instead.

Do not write your address. (10 points)

Part B

48

Directions

Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you should

  1. interpret the chart, and

  2. give your comments.

You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)

(该图表标题为“2013-2015年我国博物馆数量和参观人数”,展示了2013至2015年期间我国博物馆数量与参观人数的变化情况:

博物馆数量(以菱形标记):2013年约4000家,2014年略有增长,2015年保持在约4500家,整体呈小幅增长后趋于稳定的态势。

参观人数(以方形标记,单位:十万人次):2013年约6000,2014年增长至约7000,2015年进一步升至约8000,呈现持续上升的趋势。)