2018 年真题

选择题答案速对
No.AnsNo.AnsNo.AnsNo.AnsNo.Ans
1B2D3A4D5C
6D7A8B9C10A
11D12A13C14B15B
16B17C18D19B20A
21A22C23B24D25A
26C27A28A29C30C
31B32C33D34A35D
36A37D38D39B40B

完形填空

Directions

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

Text

Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will to satisfy their curiosity even when it is learnt the answer will .

In a series of experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin school of Business tested students’ willingness to themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one , each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would an electric shock when clicked.

Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified; another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified. left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would . Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.

The drive to is deeply rooted in humans, much the same as the basic drives for or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. “Curiosity is often considered a good instinct—it can new scientific advances, for instance—but sometimes such can backfire. The insight that curiosity can drive you to do things is a profound one.”

Unhealthy curiosity is possible to , however. In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to to see such an image. These results suggest that imagining the of following through on one’s curiosity ahead of time can help determine it is worth the endeavor. “Thinking about long-term is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity,” Hsee says. In other words, don’t read online comments.

1
正确答案:B

解析:

  1. 上下文理解
    文章开头提出问题:为什么人们会阅读负面的网络评论或做其他明显会带来痛苦的事情?
    接着给出原因:人类有一种内在的需求去 ______ 不确定性
    根据逻辑,这里应填入表示“解决、消除”不确定性的词。

  2. 选项分析

    • A. protect(保护)—— 保护不确定性,不符合语义。
    • B. resolve(解决)—— “解决不确定性”符合“满足好奇心”的语境。
    • C. discuss(讨论)—— 讨论不确定性不是本文强调的人类本能。
    • D. ignore(忽略)—— 忽略不确定性不会导致人们去寻求痛苦答案。
  3. 搭配与语义
    “resolve uncertainty” 是常见的搭配,意为“消除不确定性”,与后文“need to know”相呼应。

因此,正确答案是 B. resolve

2
正确答案:D

解析:

  1. 上下文逻辑
    文章开头指出,人们会阅读负面网络评论或做其他明显会带来痛苦的事情,原因是人类有消除不确定性的内在需求。接着第二句说“这种求知欲如此强烈,以至于人们会______来满足好奇心,即使他们知道答案会______”。
    这里需要填入一个表示“主动去做”的词,体现人们主动寻求满足好奇心的行为。

  2. 选项分析

    • A. refuse(拒绝) → 与文意相反,因为人们是主动去满足好奇心。
    • B. wait(等待) → 没有体现主动追求。
    • C. regret(后悔) → 虽然后文提到答案可能带来痛苦,但这里描述的是“为了满足好奇心而采取行动”,不是事后感受。
    • D. seek(寻求) → 符合“主动去满足好奇心”的含义。
  3. 句意验证
    “The need to know is so strong that people will seek to satisfy their curiosity even when it is learnt the answer will hurt.”
    (求知欲如此强烈,以至于人们会主动寻求满足好奇心,即使他们知道答案会带来伤害。)
    语义通顺,且与后文实验内容一致(学生主动点击可能带电的笔)。

因此正确答案是 D. seek。

3
正确答案:A

解析:

第 3 题所在句子为:

The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will $\underline{\quad2\quad}$ to satisfy their curiosity even when it is learnt the answer will $\underline{\quad3\quad}$.

句意理解
研究表明,人们求知欲非常强烈,以至于即使知道答案会带来伤害,仍然会去满足好奇心。
前文提到“read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful”,说明这些行为会带来痛苦
因此,此处应填入表示“造成痛苦/伤害”的词。

选项分析

  • A. hurt(伤害) → 符合语境,与“painful”对应。
  • B. last(持续) → 语义不符。
  • C. mislead(误导) → 与“painful”无直接关系。
  • D. rise(上升) → 语义不符。

因此正确答案是 A. hurt

4
正确答案:D

解析:

第 4 题所在句子为:

behavioral scientists … tested students’ willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity.

1. 句意理解
实验目的是测试学生为了满足好奇心,是否愿意“让自己接触”不愉快的刺激。
“unpleasant stimuli”指的是令人不适的刺激(如电击、刺耳的声音等),所以这里需要一个表示“接触、暴露于”的动词。

2. 选项分析

  • A. alert(提醒、使警觉)—— 与“让自己接触不愉快刺激”不符。
  • B. tie(绑、系)—— 与语境不符,不是“绑自己到刺激上”。
  • C. treat(对待、治疗)—— treat oneself to 一般指“用…款待自己”,多用于积极事物,与 unpleasant stimuli 矛盾。
  • D. expose(使暴露于、使接触)—— “expose themselves to unpleasant stimuli” 意为“让自己接触不愉快的刺激”,符合语境。

3. 固定搭配
“expose oneself to sth.” 是常见搭配,表示“使自己处于某种(常为负面的)影响或情境中”,符合这里“为了满足好奇心而接触负面刺激”的逻辑。

因此,正确答案是 D. expose

5
正确答案:C

解析:

第 5 题所在句子为:

For one ______, each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment.

四个选项为:
A. message(信息)
B. review(评论;回顾)
C. trial(试验)
D. concept(概念)

解题线索:

  1. 上文提到 “In a series of experiments”,说明是在描述一系列实验。
  2. “For one ______” 意思是“在其中一个______中”,这里显然是指其中一个实验或试验环节。
  3. “trial” 在实验心理学中常指“试验”或“测试环节”,与实验中的一次具体操作相符。
  4. 其他选项:
    • A. message 不符合实验情境;
    • B. review 与进行新实验不符;
    • D. concept 过于抽象,不能对应具体的实验步骤。

因此,C. trial 最符合语境,表示“在一次试验中”。

答案:C

6
正确答案:D

解析:

第6题所在句子为:

Half of the pens would $\underline{\quad6\quad}$ an electric shock when clicked.

选项分析:

  • A. remove(移除)—— 不符合语境,笔不会“移除”电击,而是会产生电击。
  • B. weaken(削弱)—— 与电击搭配不当,电击不是被削弱,而是被触发。
  • C. interrupt(打断)—— 逻辑不通,笔点击时不会“打断”电击,而是产生电击。
  • D. deliver(传递,给予)—— 可以用于表示“施加电击”,符合语境:笔在按下时会传递电击。

因此正确答案是 D. deliver

7
正确答案:A

解析:

第 7 题考查的是上下文逻辑关系和从句引导词。
句子结构为:

______ left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would ______.

  • 这里 “______ left alone in the room” 是一个省略形式的状语从句,补充完整是 “When they were left alone in the room”。
  • 从语义上看,这是一个时间状语:当这些学生被单独留在房间里时,他们做出了某种行为。
  • 选项分析:
    • A. When(当……时)符合语境,表示“在……情况下”发生后续行为。
    • B. If(如果)表示假设,但原文是描述实验实际发生的过程,不是假设。
    • C. Though(虽然)表示让步,逻辑不符。
    • D. Unless(除非)表示条件否定,也不符合。

因此正确答案是 A. When

8
正确答案:B

解析:

第 8 题所在句为:

… the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would 8.

这里比较的是两组学生:

  • 不知道哪些笔会电击的学生(点击更多笔,遭受更多电击)
  • 知道哪些笔会电击的学生(知道会发生什么)

逻辑关系
“knew what would happen” 是一个固定搭配,意思是“知道会发生什么事”。
这里 happen 指的就是“电击会发生”这一已知结果。

其他选项分析:

  • A. continue(继续) → 不符合语境,不是“知道什么会继续”,而是知道什么会发生。
  • C. disappear(消失) → 与电击的语境矛盾。
  • D. change(改变) → 文中没有涉及“变化”的意思。

因此,正确答案是 B. happen

9
正确答案:C

解析:
第 9 题所在的句子是:

Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, $\underline{\quad9\quad}$ the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.

这里需要填入一个连接词,连接前面的 other stimuli 和后面的 the sound… and photographs…
从逻辑上看,the sound…photographs… 是前面 other stimuli 的举例,因此应该填入表示“例如”的词组。

选项分析:

  • A. rather than(而不是)→ 表示对比或排除,不符合举例关系。
  • B. regardless of(不管)→ 表示让步,不符合语境。
  • C. such as(例如)→ 表示举例,符合语境。
  • D. owing to(由于)→ 表示原因,不符合此处逻辑。

因此正确答案是 C. such as

10
正确答案:A

解析:

第 10 题位于句子:

The drive to discover is deeply rooted in humans, much the same as the basic drives for food or shelter…

解题步骤:

  1. 上下文逻辑
    前文提到一系列实验,表明人们即使知道会遭受痛苦(如电击、指甲刮黑板声等),仍然会因好奇心而行动。
    这里是在总结“这种驱动力”是人类根深蒂固的。

  2. 语义对应
    这种驱动力就是“好奇心”的驱动力,即“想要发现/探索/了解”的欲望。
    “The drive to discover” 意为“探索/发现的驱动力”,符合前文描述的好奇心驱使行为。

  3. 选项分析

    • A. discover(发现) → 与“好奇心”直接相关,符合语境。
    • B. forgive(原谅) → 与主题无关。
    • C. forget(忘记) → 与好奇心相反。
    • D. disagree(不同意) → 不符合文意。
  4. 固定搭配与主题一致
    本文核心是“curiosity leads people to discover even if it hurts”,所以“drive to discover”是贴切的。

因此正确答案是 A. discover。

11
正确答案:D

解析:

第 11 题空格所在句为:

The drive to $\underline{\quad10\quad}$ is deeply rooted in humans, much the same as the basic drives for $\underline{\quad11\quad}$ or shelter…

这里提到“与对______或住所的基本驱动力相同”,显然是在类比人类的基本生存需求。
在马斯洛需求层次理论中,食物(food)住所(shelter) 是最基本的生理需求。

  • A. pay(报酬)—— 不是最原始的基本驱动力
  • B. marriage(婚姻)—— 属于社会需求,不是最底层生理需求
  • C. schooling(教育)—— 属于更高层次需求
  • D. food(食物)—— 与 shelter 并列,符合“基本驱动力”的语境

因此正确答案是 D. food

12
正确答案:A

解析:

第 12 题所在句子为:

Curiosity is often considered a good instinct—it can $\underline{\text{lead to}}$ new scientific advances, for instance—but sometimes such $\underline{\text{13}}$ can backfire.

解题思路:

  1. 上下文语境是“好奇心通常被认为是一种好的本能”,破折号中间的内容是举例说明其好处。
  2. 科学进步(new scientific advances)往往是好奇心带来的结果,因此需要一个表示“导致、带来”的动词短语。
  3. 选项分析:
    • A. lead to 意为“导致,引起”,符合语境,表示好奇心可以带来科学进步。
    • B. rest on 意为“依赖于”,不符合逻辑,这里不是科学进步依赖好奇心,而是好奇心带来科学进步。
    • C. learn from 意为“从……学习”,与“好奇心”和“科学进步”的因果关系不符。
    • D. begin with 意为“以……开始”,语义上不如“lead to”贴切,因为科学进步不是仅仅“以好奇心开始”,而是由好奇心推动产生的。

因此,正确答案是 A. lead to

13
正确答案:C

解析:

第13题位于句子:

“Curiosity is often considered a good instinct—it can $\underline{12}$ new scientific advances, for instance—but sometimes such $\underline{13}$ can backfire.”

  • 上下文逻辑
    前一句说“好奇心通常被认为是好的本能”,破折号里举例说明它能带来科学进步;接着用 but 转折,说“但有时这种 ______ 会适得其反”。
    这里的“这种______”显然是指“好奇心”或“好奇的探究行为”。

  • 选项分析

    • A. withdrawal(退缩)→ 与“好奇心”无关,不符合。
    • B. persistence(坚持)→ 虽然好奇可能伴随坚持,但这里强调的是“探究行为”本身,不是“坚持”这一品质。
    • C. inquiry(探究、询问)→ 与“好奇心”直接对应,是 curiosity 的具体表现,符合语境。
    • D. diligence(勤奋)→ 与好奇不完全等同,偏离主题。
  • 语义对应
    前文实验表明人们会为了“满足好奇心”而接触不愉快的刺激,这种“探究行为”(inquiry)有时会带来负面结果(backfire)。
    因此选 C. inquiry 最准确。

答案:C

14
正确答案:B

解析:

  1. 上下文逻辑
    文章讨论的是“好奇心”可能带来的负面影响。前文提到,人们即使知道答案会带来痛苦,仍然会满足好奇心。实验中,参与者故意接触会电击的笔、听刺耳的声音、看恶心的图片,这些都是对自身不利的行为。

  2. 第 14 题所在句

    The insight that curiosity can drive you to do $\underline{\text{self-destructive}}$ things is a profound one.
    意思是:“好奇心会驱使你去做自我毁灭的事情,这一见解十分深刻。”

  3. 选项分析

    • A. self-reliant(自力更生的)→ 与“伤害自己”无关
    • B. self-destructive(自我毁灭的)→ 符合“明知有害还去做”的含义
    • C. self-evident(不言自明的)→ 不符合语义
    • D. self-deceptive(自欺欺人的)→ 文中未强调欺骗自己,而是强调伤害自己
  4. 结论
    根据实验内容和文章主旨,这里强调“好奇心可能导致伤害自己的行为”,因此 B. self-destructive 为正确选项。

15
正确答案:B

解析:

第15题所在句子为:
“Unhealthy curiosity is possible to ____, however.”
(然而,不健康的好奇心是可以____的。)

  • 前文提到,好奇心有时会让人做出自我伤害的事情(如点击会电击的笔、看恶心的图片等)。
  • 后文紧接着说,在最后一个实验中,如果参与者提前想象观看不愉快图片后的感受,他们就不太可能去看这种图片。
  • 这说明我们可以抵抗/抵制不健康的好奇心。

选项分析:

  • A. define(定义)—— 不符合语境,这里不是下定义,而是如何应对不健康的好奇心。
  • B. resist(抵抗)—— 符合逻辑,表示“可以抵抗不健康的好奇心”。
  • C. replace(替代)—— 没有提到用其他东西替代,不符合文意。
  • D. trace(追踪)—— 与上下文无关。

因此正确答案是 B. resist

16
正确答案:B

解析:

第 16 题所在句子为:

In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an image.

句意理解
在最后一个实验中,那些被鼓励去 ____ 他们在看到不愉快图片后会有什么感受的参与者,更不太可能 ____ 去看这样的图片。

逻辑与线索

  1. 实验要求参与者提前思考“看完图片后的感受”,这显然是对未来情绪的 预测(predict)。
  2. 后文提到 “imagining the 18 of following through on one’s curiosity ahead of time” 与此对应,即“提前想象后果”,也就是 预测 自己的感受。
  3. 其他选项:
    • A. overlook(忽视)—— 与文意相反,这里强调要提前思考,不是忽视。
    • C. design(设计)—— 与感受搭配不当。
    • D. conceal(隐藏)—— 不符合实验情境。

因此,正确答案是 B. predict

17
正确答案:C

解析:

第17题所在句子为:

participants who were encouraged to $\underline{\quad16\quad}$ how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to $\underline{\quad17\quad}$ to see such an image.

1. 上下文逻辑
前文提到,实验表明人们即使知道会看到令人不快的图片,仍可能因为好奇而选择去看。
但在这个实验中,如果让参与者提前想象看了图片后的感受,他们就不太可能去做看图片这件事。

2. 选项分析

  • A. remember(记得)—— 这里不是回忆,而是“决定是否要去看”这个行为。
  • B. promise(承诺)—— 逻辑不通,不是向别人承诺去看图片。
  • C. choose(选择)—— 符合语境,“选择去看这样的图片”,与前面的“决定是否满足好奇心”一致。
  • D. pretend(假装)—— 语义不符,不是假装去看。

3. 固定搭配
“choose to do sth.” 表示“选择做某事”,符合“主动决定去看令人不快的图片”这一行为。

因此正确答案是 C. choose

18
正确答案:D

解析:

  1. 上下文逻辑
    本段提到,在最后一个实验中,参与者被鼓励去预测观看不愉快图片后的感受,结果他们更少选择去看这种图片。作者由此得出结论:提前想象“跟随好奇心行事”的结果,有助于判断是否值得去做。

  2. 关键词对应
    原文中 “imagining the ___ of following through on one’s curiosity ahead of time” 意为“提前想象顺着好奇心行事会带来的______”。
    这里 “following through on one’s curiosity” 是指“真的去做因好奇而想做的事”,那么想象的就是做这件事的结果(outcome)。

  3. 选项分析

    • A. relief(解脱)—— 不符合语境,这里不是强调解脱感。
    • B. plan(计划)—— 与“想象”搭配不当,不是想象计划,而是想象结果。
    • C. duty(责任)—— 与好奇心无关。
    • D. outcome(结果)—— 符合“提前想象做了会有什么后果”的语义。
  4. 结论
    因此,第 18 题正确答案是 D. outcome

19
正确答案:B

解析:
第 19 题位于句子:

These results suggest that imagining the outcome of following through on one’s curiosity ahead of time can help determine ___ it is worth the endeavor.

这里 determine 后面接的是一个宾语从句,表示“判断……是否值得做”。
whether 意为“是否”,常与 worthworthwhile 搭配,构成 whether it is worth … 的结构,表示“判断它是否值得”。
其他选项:

  • why(为什么)语义不通;
  • where(在哪里)与判断是否值得无关;
  • how(如何)虽然语法上可能成立,但逻辑上这里强调的是“是否值得”而不是“如何值得”。

因此正确答案是 B. whether

20
正确答案:A

解析:

  1. 上下文逻辑
    文章最后一段提到,提前想象“满足好奇心”的后果,有助于判断是否值得去做。Hsee 总结说:“思考长期的______是减少好奇心负面效应的关键。”
    这里显然是指“长期的后果”,因为前文一直在讨论“满足好奇心可能带来痛苦”,所以需要权衡的是后果(consequences)。

  2. 选项分析

    • A. consequences(后果)—— 符合语境,与上文的“feel after viewing an unpleasant picture”以及“it is worth the endeavor”相呼应。
    • B. investments(投资)—— 与“好奇心”的代价无直接关系。
    • C. strategies(策略)—— 虽然“策略”可用来减少负面影响,但此处强调的是对长期结果的考虑,而不是方法本身。
    • D. limitations(限制)—— 不符合“长期”和“决定是否值得”的语境。
  3. 结论
    此处“long-term consequences”意为“长期后果”,与全文关于“好奇心可能带来痛苦”的主题一致,因此选 A

阅读理解

Part A

Directions

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)

Text 1

It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.

Mr. Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization, but practical. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike chain?

As Koziatek know, there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.

But he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority. School in the ramit f cational education “hav that stereotype..ht s for kids who can’ t make it academically” he says.

On one hand, that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolution. Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was. The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated. More education is the new principle. We want more for our kids, and rightfully so.

But the headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all and the subtle devaluing of anything less–misses an important point: That’s not the only thing the American economy needs. Yes, a bachelor’s degree opens more doors. But even now, 54 percent of the jobs in the country are midleskill jobs, such as construction and highskill manfacturing. But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.

In other words, at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head, frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing, one obvious solution is staring us in the face. There is a gap in working-class jobs, but the workers who need those jobs most aren’t equipped to do them. Koziatek’s Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.

Koziatek’s school is a wake-up call. When education becomes one-size-fits-all it risks overlooking a nation’s diversity of gifts.

21

A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students’ lack of.

正确答案:A

解析:

  1. 题干定位
    题目问的是“提到坏掉的自行车链条是为了显示学生缺乏什么”。原文对应在第二段最后一句:

    When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike chain?

    这句话用对比的方式说明:学生能记住第 13 任总统的名字(书本知识、机械记忆),却对修理坏掉的自行车链条束手无策。

  2. 逻辑分析

    • 记住总统名字 → 代表学术知识或机械记忆。
    • 不会修自行车链条 → 代表缺乏动手解决实际问题的能力。
    • 作者质疑这种教育观念,暗示学生缺乏的是实践能力,而不是学术知识。
  3. 选项比对

    • A. practical ability(实践能力) → 与“不会修自行车链条”直接对应。
    • B. academic training(学术训练) → 文中学生并不缺乏这个(能记住总统名字)。
    • C. pioneering spirit(开创精神) → 文中未提及。
    • D. mechanical memorization(机械记忆) → 这反而是学生已有的,不是缺乏的。
  4. 主旨关联
    全文主旨是批评教育过于偏重书本知识而忽视实践技能,Koziatek 的学校正是强调实践学习。因此,坏掉的自行车链条是作为“缺乏实践能力”的例子。

答案:A

22

There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who.

正确答案:C

解析:

题目问的是:存在一种偏见,认为职业教育是针对什么样的孩子。
文章第四段明确提到:

Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority. Schools in the ramit f cational education “hav that stereotype…ht s for kids who can’t make it academically,” he says.

这里的 “ramit f cational education” 应该是排版错误,实际应为 “ramifications of vocational education” 或类似表达,意思是“职业教育的后果/印象是……”。
关键句是:“for kids who can’t make it academically”,即“在学业上不成功的孩子”。

对应选项:

  • A. 有刻板思维的人 → 文中未说学生自己有刻板思维,而是社会对职业教育有刻板印象。
  • B. 没有职业动力 → 未提及。
  • C. 学业不成功 → 与 “can’t make it academically” 完全对应。
  • D. 经济上处于劣势 → 未提及。

因此正确答案是 C

23

we can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates.

正确答案:B

解析:

第 5 段原文关键句为:

The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated.

这句话的意思是:美国经济曾经提供给高中毕业生的就业保障已经基本消失
由此可以推断出,过去高中毕业生有较多的工作机会和较稳定的就业保障,而现在情况不同了。

选项分析:

  • A. used to have big financial concerns(过去有较大的财务担忧)—— 文中未提及他们过去的财务压力,只谈工作机会。
  • B. used to have more job opportunities(过去有更多工作机会)—— 与原文“曾经有就业保障”对应,是合理推断。
  • C. are reluctant to work in manufacturing(不愿从事制造业)—— 文中未提及高中毕业生的就业意愿。
  • D. are entitled to more educational privileges(有权享有更多教育特权)—— 文中说“更多教育是新原则”,但这是现在的情况,且未强调是特权。

因此正确答案是 B

24

The headlong push into bachelors degrees for all.

正确答案:D

解析:

题目问的是“The headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all”(一窝蜂地追求让所有人都获得学士学位)的含义或影响。

从原文第六段可以看出:

  • 作者指出,这种“一窝蜂追求学士学位”以及“对低于学士学位的其他教育形式的贬低”忽略了一个重要点:美国经济不仅需要学士学位人才。
  • 接着提到,目前美国 54% 的工作属于中等技能工作,但只有 44% 的工人受过充分培训。
  • 这说明,社会过度强调学士学位,导致对高等教育的过度重视,而轻视了其他类型的技能培训。

选项分析:

  • A:帮助创造许多中等技能工作 —— 文中未提及学士学位推动创造中等技能工作,反而说中等技能岗位很多但培训不足。
  • B:可能缩小工人阶级工作的差距 —— 文中实际说这种“一窝蜂追求学士学位”加剧了技能与岗位不匹配,不会缩小差距。
  • C:预计会培养出训练更有素的劳动力 —— 与文意相反,因为只强调学位而忽视技能培训,反而导致中等技能岗位缺人。
  • D:表明对高等教育的过度重视 —— 这与第六段中“the subtle devaluing of anything less”(对低于学士学位的其他教育形式的贬低)对应,即过度重视学士学位,符合文意。

因此正确答案是 D

25

The author’s attitude toward Koziatek’s school can be described as.

正确答案:A

解析:

文章作者对 Koziatek 的学校持支持态度,理由如下:

  1. 肯定其开创性
    第二段开头明确指出:“Mr. Koziatek is part of something pioneering”,说明作者认为他的做法具有开创性,是正面的评价。

  2. 认同实践学习的价值
    作者通过反问“学生能背出美国第 13 任总统却不会修自行车链是否合理”,暗示传统教育的局限,并赞同 Koziatek 将学习与实际技能结合的方式。

  3. 指出社会对职业教育的偏见问题
    第四段提到“insidious prejudice”,即认为动手工作是低人一等的观念,作者显然不认同这种偏见,而是站在 Koziatek 的立场上批评这种观念。

  4. 呼应现实经济需求
    第六、七段指出,美国经济中大量中等技能岗位空缺,但劳动者缺乏相应培训,而 Koziatek 的学校正是在填补这一缺口,作者认为这是“明显的解决方案”。

  5. 总结为“警醒”
    最后一段称 Koziatek 的学校为 “a wake-up call”,并批评“一刀切”的教育忽视人才多样性,进一步表明作者对其教育模式的肯定。

综上,作者的态度是明确支持(supportive) 的,因此正确答案是 A

Text 2

While fossil fuels coal lia stleernte urgl/y sperent o the world’s energy supply, it’s clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar. The move to renewables is picking up momentum around the world: They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.

Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fund cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the story is about the plummeting prices of renewables, especially wind and solar. The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.

In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source. In Scotland, for example, wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes. Wile the rest of the world takes the lead, notably China and Europe, the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift. in March, for the first time, wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the us, reported the US Energy Informatin Administration.

President Trump has underlined fossil fuels-especially coal-as the path to economic growth. In a recent speech in lowa, he dismissed wind power as an unreliale energy source. But that message did not play well with many in lowa, where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the state’s electricity eneration nd where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.

The question “what happens when the wind doesn’ t blow or the sun doesn’ t shine?” has provided a quick put-down for skeptics. But a boost in h storage capcity of battere is aing their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.

The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers, who are placing big bets on battery-powered electric vehicles. Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now, this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.

While there’s a long way to go, the trend lines for renewables are spiking. The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up-perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in lowing climate change. What Washington does -or doesn’t do-to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at atime of gobal sit in thought.

26

The word"plummeting" (Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning to.

正确答案:C

解析:

  1. 定位原文
    第二段第二句提到:

But increasingly the story is about the plummeting prices of renewables, especially wind and solar.
接着第三句给出数据支持:
The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.

  1. 上下文逻辑
    原文先说可再生能源价格“plummeting”,然后用具体数据说明太阳能和风能成本大幅下降,因此“plummeting”的意思应与“下降”一致。

  2. 词义辨析

  • A. stabilizing(稳定) → 与数据不符
  • B. changing(变化) → 没有明确方向
  • C. falling(下降) → 符合数据趋势
  • D. rising(上升) → 与原文相反
  1. 结论
    “plummeting”意为“快速下降”,与 C. falling 意思最接近。

答案:C

27

According to Paragraph 3,the use of renewable energy in America.

正确答案:A

解析:

题目要求根据第 3 段判断美国可再生能源的使用情况。我们来看第 3 段的关键信息:

“While the rest of the world takes the lead, notably China and Europe, the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift. In March, for the first time, wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US, reported the US Energy Information Administration.”

这段话明确提到:

  • 美国正在经历 remarkable shift(显著转变)
  • 风能和太阳能首次占美国发电量的 10% 以上
  • 这是来自美国能源信息署的官方数据

因此,美国在可再生能源方面的进展是 显著的、可观的

选项分析:

  • A. is progressing notably(进展显著) → 与原文 “remarkable shift” 和 “for the first time … more than 10 percent” 对应 ✅
  • B. is as extensive as in Europe(和欧洲一样广泛) → 原文说欧洲领先,美国也在转变,并未说程度相同 ❌
  • C. faces many challenges(面临许多挑战) → 本段未提挑战 ❌
  • D. has proved to be impractical(已被证明不切实际) → 与本段事实相反 ❌

答案:A

28

lt can be learned that in lowa,.

正确答案:A

解析:

题目问的是从文章中能了解到关于 Iowa 的什么信息。
我们定位到原文第四段:

President Trump has underlined fossil fuels—especially coal—as the path to economic growth. In a recent speech in Iowa, he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source. But that message did not play well with many in Iowa, where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the state’s electricity generation and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.

关键信息:

  • 爱荷华州的风力涡轮机遍布田野(wind turbines dot the fields)。
  • 风力发电占该州发电量的 36%(provide 36 percent of the state’s electricity generation)。
  • 这说明风能是一种被广泛使用的能源。

选项分析:

  • A. wind is a widely used energy source
    正确。36% 的电力来自风能,且风力涡轮机遍布田野,说明风能应用广泛。

  • B. wind energy has replaced fossil fuels
    错误。原文只说风能占 36%,没说完全替代化石能源,事实上化石能源仍在使用。

  • C. tech giants are investing in clean energy
    有一定干扰性,但原文说的是科技巨头被清洁能源吸引(attracted by availability),并不是说它们在爱荷华州投资清洁能源(虽然可能有关,但文中未明确说它们在投资,而是说它们来利用该地的清洁能源供电)。

  • D. there is a shortage of clean energy supply
    错误。原文提到的是清洁能源充足(availability of clean energy),所以吸引科技公司。


因此,最直接且符合原文的答案是 A

29

Which ofthe following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 586

正确答案:C

好的,我们先定位到原文的第 5、6 段(题目中写的是 Paragraphs 586,可能是排版错误,应该是 Paragraphs 5 & 6)。


第 5 段

The question “what happens when the wind doesn’t blow or the sun doesn’t shine?” has provided a quick put-down for skeptics. But a boost in the storage capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.

这里说:怀疑论者常问“没风没太阳时怎么办”,但电池储能的进步使得全天候持续供电变得更可能。


第 6 段

The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers, who are placing big bets on battery-powered electric vehicles. Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now, this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.

这里说:电动汽车制造商大力投资电池技术,这也会推动电池进步。


选项分析
A. Its application has boosted battery storage.

  • 因果颠倒。原文是电池储能的进步促进了清洁能源的持续可用性,而不是清洁能源的应用推动了电池存储。

B. It is commonly used in car manufacturing.

  • 错误。清洁能源(风能、太阳能)并不是汽车制造过程中的主要能源,这里说的是电动车用电池,但电池技术反过来帮助清洁能源,不是“清洁能源普遍用于汽车制造”。

C. Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.

  • 正确。第 5 段最后一句说电池储能的提升使全天候供电更可能,即持续供应正变成现实。

D. Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.

  • 与原文相反,原文趋势是变得更容易。

答案:C

30

lt can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy.

正确答案:C

我们先来看最后一段的原文内容:

While there’s a long way to go, the trend lines for renewables are spiking. The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up — perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change. What Washington does — or doesn’t do — to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.

关键信息提取

  1. 可再生能源的趋势在迅速上升。
  2. 能源结构变化的速度在加快,可能对减缓气候变化产生有意义的影响。
  3. 华盛顿(美国政府)是否推广替代能源,在全球观念转变的背景下,可能越来越不重要

推理分析

  • 最后一句暗示:即便美国政府(特朗普政府时期)不积极推动可再生能源,全球趋势也不会受太大影响,因为全球观念已变。
  • 反过来理解:美国政府当前的政策并不是在真正鼓励可再生能源,否则不会说“华盛顿做或不做什么越来越不重要”。
  • 因此,从这段可以合理推断出:美国政府对可再生能源并不是真正鼓励

选项分析
A. 会使美国更接近其他国家 —— 文中未提。
B. 会加速全球环境变化 —— 相反,可再生能源是减缓气候变化。
C. 并没有真正受到美国政府的鼓励 —— 与推理一致。
D. 在成本上竞争力不够 —— 文中第二段说成本已大幅下降,因此不对。


答案:C

Text 3

The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing–Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for s13.5bn, but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service, which doesn’t have any physical product at all. What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of its users’ friendships and social lives.

Facebook promised the uropean commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities, but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through. Even without knowing what was in the messages, the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be. What political journalist, what party whip, would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa May’s enemies are currently plotting? lt may be that the value of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the 460 shops it owns, but the records of which customers have purchased what.

Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power. But it is clumsy. For one thing, it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy. By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power. But there is a deeper conceptual problem, too. Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don’ t pay for them. The users of their services are not their customers. That would be the people who buy advertising from them-and Facebook and Google, the two virtual giants, dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies.

The product they’ re selling is data, and we, the users, convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids for the honeydew they produce when they feed, so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives yield. Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed, Gmail keps the spammers out of our inboxes. t doesn’ t feel like a human or democratic relationship, even if both sides benefit.

31

According to Paragraph 1, Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its.

正确答案:B

解析:

题目问的是“根据第一段,Facebook 收购 WhatsApp 是为了它的……”。

第一段提到:

  • Facebook 花了更多钱收购 WhatsApp(比 Amazon 买 Whole Foods 的金额还高)。
  • WhatsApp 没有实体产品(physical product)。
  • 紧接着说 What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of its users’ friendships and social lives(WhatsApp 提供给 Facebook 的是其用户好友关系和社交生活的复杂而精细的网络)。

这句话中的 “web of its users’ friendships and social lives” 实际上就是指 用户信息和社交关系数据,而不是数字产品、实体资产或单纯的服务质量。

因此,正确选项是 B. user information(用户信息)。

32

Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may.

正确答案:C

好的,我们来逐步分析这道题。


1. 定位题干信息
题干问的是“将电话号码与 Facebook 身份关联起来可能…”。
原文第二段开头提到:

Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities, but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through.

接着,第二句说:

Even without knowing what was in the messages, the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be.

这句话的意思是:即使不知道消息内容,知道谁给谁发消息这一点已经能暴露大量信息,而且现在依然如此。


2. 推断潜在风险
原文随后举例:

What political journalist, what party whip, would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa May’s enemies are currently plotting?

这说明这种关联可能暴露用户的社交关系、群组构成,从而可能被用于政治窥探或其他目的。

因此,将电话号码与 Facebook 身份关联,会让用户的隐私信息暴露,对用户构成风险。


3. 选项分析

  • A. worsen political disputes
    原文虽然提到政治人物可能想知道对手的群组,但这是“利用信息”的一种表现,不是直接“恶化政治争端”,这是间接可能,不是直接、必然的结果。

  • B. mess up customer records
    “customer records”在文中指的是 Whole Foods 那样的购物记录,不是 Facebook 用户数据的混乱,属于无关信息。

  • C. pose a risk to Facebook users
    用户隐私被暴露,社交关系被掌握在 Facebook(及可能被其利用或泄露给第三方)手中,这对用户构成风险,与原文逻辑一致。

  • D. mislead the European commission
    虽然 Facebook 对欧盟委员会食言,但“误导”不是主要后果,而且题干问的是“可能”带来的影响,重点在于对用户的风险,而不是对监管机构。


4. 结论
正确答案是 C,因为关联电话号码与身份会暴露用户社交关系,带来隐私和安全风险。

33

According to the author, competition law.

正确答案:D

解析:

题目问的是“根据作者的观点,竞争法(competition law)……”,我们需要在文中找到作者对竞争法的评价。

  1. 定位原文
    第三段开头提到“Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power. But it is clumsy.” 接着解释原因:

    • “it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy”
    • “By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace”
  2. 理解作者观点
    作者认为竞争法在处理数字经济中的权力失衡时,速度跟不上市场变化
    选项 D. cannot keep pace with the changing market 正是对原文“it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy”的同义转述。

  3. 排除其他选项

    • A 项“应该服务于新的市场权力” → 文中未提,且与作者批评竞争法不足的态度不符。
    • B 项“可能加剧经济失衡” → 文中只说竞争法效果有限,并未说它会使失衡恶化。
    • C 项“不应只提供一种法律解决方案” → 文中未提“不应只有一种法律方案”,而是强调竞争法本身有缺陷。

因此,正确答案是 D。

34

Competition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because.

正确答案:A

解析:

题目问的是:根据目前对竞争法的解释,它很难保护 Facebook 用户,是因为什么?

原文第三段提到:

Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don’t pay for them. The users of their services are not their customers. That would be the people who buy advertising from them…

关键点在于:

  • 竞争法目前主要针对消费者遭受的经济损失
  • 但 Facebook 这类服务的用户并不直接付费,因此他们不被视为“消费者”或“顾客”。
  • 真正的“顾客”是向 Facebook 购买广告的人。
  • 因此,即使用户的隐私或数据权益受损,竞争法也难以保护他们,因为他们不是法律意义上的“顾客”。

选项分析:

  • A. they are not defined as customers(他们不被定义为顾客)—— 与原文直接对应,正确。
  • B. they are not financially reliable(他们在财务上不可靠)—— 原文未提及,无关。
  • C. the services are generally digital(这些服务通常是数字化的)—— 虽然事实如此,但不是竞争法难以保护用户的原因。
  • D. the services are paid for by advertisers(服务由广告商付费)—— 这是事实,但根本原因在于用户因此不被视为“顾客”,D 只是现象,A 才是法律上的关键原因。

因此正确答案是 A。

35

The ants analogy is used to illustrate.

正确答案:D

解析:

题目要求分析“蚂蚁的类比”用来说明什么。

原文最后一段提到:

Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids for the honeydew they produce when they feed, so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives yield. Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed; Gmail keeps the spammers out of our inboxes. It doesn’t feel like a human or democratic relationship, even if both sides benefit.

分析类比结构:

  • 蚂蚁 ↔ 数字巨头(如 Google)
  • 蚜虫 ↔ 用户
  • 蚂蚁保护蚜虫并获取蜜露 ↔ 数字巨头保护用户并获取数据
  • 双方受益,但并非平等或民主的关系

选项分析:

  • A:双赢商业模式 —— 虽然提到双方受益,但重点不是强调“双赢”,而是强调关系的不对等和利用性质。
  • B:数字巨头间的典型竞争模式 —— 蚂蚁类比不是在讲巨头之间的竞争,而是巨头与用户的关系。
  • C:为数字巨头的客户提供的利益 —— 客户在文中指广告商,不是普通用户,而且类比重点不在客户利益。
  • D:数字巨头和用户之间的关系 —— 这与类比内容完全对应,且最后一句点明这种关系的感觉。

因此正确答案是 D

Text 4

To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy, Cal Newport, author of Deep work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted world, recommends building a habit of “deep work” the ability to focus without distraction.

There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work-be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task; developing a daily ritual; or taking a" journalistic approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day. Whichever approach, the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.

Newport also recommends “deep scheduling” to combat onstant interruptions and get more done in less time. “At any given point, I should have deep work scheduled for roughly the next month. Once on the calendar I protect this time like Iwould a doctor’s appointment or important meeting”, he writes.

Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you priritie your day -in particular how we craft our to-do list. Tim Harford, author of Messy. The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives, points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduate into two groups:some were advised to set out monthly goals and study actvities, others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail, day by day.

While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it came to the execution of tasks, they were wrong:the detailed daily plans demotivated students. Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective, while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.

In order to make the most of our focus and energy. We also need to embrace downtime, or as Newport suggests,"‘be lazy."

“dleness is not just a vacation, an indulgence or a vice;it is as indispensable to be brain as Vitamin D is to the body..ilenesis,paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done,“he argues.

Srini Pillay,an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical Schoo,believs this counter-intuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task,they tend to be more efficient.

“What people don’ t realise is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain”. says Pillay.

36

The key to mastering the art of deep work is to

正确答案:A

解析:

题目问的是“掌握深度工作艺术的关键是什么”。
文章第二段末尾明确提到:

“Whichever approach, the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.”
(无论采用哪种方法,关键是确定你的专注时间长度并坚持执行。)

  • A 项 “keep to your focus time” 与原文 “stick to it(your length of focus time)” 完全对应。
  • B 项 “列出你眼前的任务” 在文中未作为深度工作的关键被强调。
  • C 项 “制定具体的每日计划” 与后文 Tim Harford 提到的研究结果(过于详细的日计划会让人失去动力)相矛盾。
  • D 项 “抓住每一分钟工作” 与文中提倡的“深度工作”和“停工休息”理念不符。

因此,正确答案是 A

37

The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that

正确答案:D

我们先定位原文中关于 1980s 研究的段落。

原文提到:

Tim Harford, author of Messy. The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives, points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups: some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities, others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail, day by day.
While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it came to the execution of tasks, they were wrong: the detailed daily plans demotivated students.

接着 Harford 的观点是:

inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective, while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.

所以研究的结论是:详细的每日计划并没有像预期那样有效,反而降低了学生的积极性。

选项分析:

  • A distractions may actually increase efficiency
    原文虽然提到 distractions 让 to-do list 失效,但并没有说 distractions 提高效率,只是说留出即兴空间会更好,所以 A 属于过度推理。
  • B daily schedules are indispensable to studying
    研究结果恰恰说明详细的每日计划不好,所以 B 与原文相反。
  • C students are hardly motivated by monthly goals
    研究对比的是 monthly goals 和 daily detailed plans,结果是 daily 组动力下降,并没有说 monthly goals 不能激励学生,所以 C 错误。
  • D detailed plans may not be as fruitful as expected
    对应研究结果:研究者原以为详细的每日计划更有效,结果错了,说明详细的计划效果不如预期。

因此正确答案是 D

38

According to Newport, idleness is.

正确答案:D

解析:

题目问的是根据 Newport 的观点,“idleness”(懒惰/空闲)是什么。

原文中 Newport 的观点出现在倒数第二段:

“Idleness is not just a vacation, an indulgence or a vice; it is as indispensable to the brain as Vitamin D is to the body… [idleness] is, paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done.”

这句话的意思是:

  • 空闲不只是放松、放纵或恶习,它对大脑就像维他命 D 对身体一样不可或缺。
  • 矛盾的是,空闲对于完成任何工作都是必要的。

也就是说,Newport 认为空闲是完成工作的必要因素

选项分析:

  • A. a desirable mental state for busy people(忙碌的人渴望的精神状态)—— 原文没有强调“渴望”,而是强调其必要性。
  • B. a major contributor to physical health(身体健康的主要贡献者)—— 原文用维生素 D 作类比,但重点是对大脑和工作完成的作用,不是主要讨论身体健康。
  • C. an effective way to save time and energy(节省时间和精力的有效方法)—— 原文没有直接说空闲是为了节省时间和能量,而是说它对完成工作不可或缺。
  • D. an essential factor in accomplishing any work(完成任何工作的关键因素)—— 与原文 “necessary to getting any work done” 对应,essential 对应 necessary。

因此正确答案是 D

39

Pillay believes that our brains’shift between being focused and unfocused

正确答案:B

让我们根据原文内容来解析第39题。


题干
Pillay believes that our brains’ shift between being focused and unfocused ______.

选项:
A. can result in psychological well-being
B. can bring about greater efficiency
C. is aimed at better balance in work
D. is driven by task urgency


原文相关部分(最后一段):

Srini Pillay, an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, believes this counter-intuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate. When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task, they tend to be more efficient.
“What people don’t realise is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain,” says Pillay.


解析

  1. 原文明确提到 “When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task, they tend to be more efficient.”
  2. 这里的 “more efficient” 对应选项 B 中的 “greater efficiency”。
  3. 其他选项在原文中均未提及:
    • A 项 “psychological well-being” 未出现。
    • C 项 “better balance in work” 不是 Pillay 的直接观点。
    • D 项 “driven by task urgency” 未提及。

答案:B

40

This text is mainly about

正确答案:B

让我们一步步分析文章主旨,从而确定为什么选 B


1. 文章结构分析

  • 第一段:提出“深度工作”的概念,强调专注的重要性。
  • 第二段:介绍掌握深度工作的几种方法(长时间专注、日常仪式、记者式利用碎片时间)。
  • 第三段:提到“深度日程安排”,提前一个月规划深度工作时间。
  • 第四、五段:另一种方法——重新思考如何安排待办事项,指出过于详细的日计划可能适得其反,要留有即兴空间。
  • 第六、七、八段:提出“懒惰/休息”的重要性,大脑在专注与不专注之间切换效率更高。

2. 核心主题归纳
文章每一部分都在讲 如何更高效地完成工作

  • 深度工作(减少干扰)
  • 深度日程(提前规划)
  • 灵活安排待办事项(避免过度计划)
  • 利用休息时间提高效率

这些方法共同指向 在更少时间内完成更多任务,而不是单纯讲“缓解忙碌生活的紧张感”(A)或“消除干扰的关键”(C),也不是主要解释“缺乏专注时间的原因”(D)。


3. 选项对比

  • A 缓解忙碌生活的紧张 → 文章重点不是减压,而是提高产出效率。
  • B 在更少时间内完成更多任务的方法 → 涵盖深度工作、日程安排、任务列表优化、休息利用,都服务于这一目标。
  • C 消除干扰的关键 → 消除干扰只是深度工作的一部分,不是全文全部内容。
  • D 缺乏专注时间的原因 → 文章并未主要分析原因,而是给出解决方法。

因此正确答案是 B

Part B

Directions

Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

41-45

A. Just say it

B. Be present

C. Pay a unique compliment

D. Name, places, things

E. Find the “me too"s

F. Skip the small talk

G. Ask for an opinion

Five ways to make conversation with anyone

Conversations are links, which means when you have a conversation with a new person a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment will strengthen the link.

You meet new people every day: the grocery worker, the cab driver, new people at work or the security guard at the door. Simply starting a conversation with them will form a link.

Here are five simple ways that you can make the first move and start a conversation with strangers.

41.________________

Suppose you are in a room with someone you don’t know and something within you says “I want to talk with this person”—this is something the mostly happens with all of us. You wanted to say something—the first word—but it just won’ t come out, It feels like it is stuck somewhere, I know the feeling and here is my advice just get it out.

Just think: that is the worst that could happen? They won’t talk with you? Well, they are not talking with you now!

I truly believe that once you get that first word out everything else will just flow so keep it simple: “Hi”, “hey” or “hello”—do the best you can to gather all of the enthusiasm and energy you can, put on a big smile and say “Hi”.

42.________________

It’s a problem all of us face: you have limited time with the person that you want to talk with and you want to make this talk memorable.

Honesty, if we go stuck in the rut of “hi” “hello” “how are you?” and “what’s going on?” you will fail to leave the impression. So don’t be afraid to ask more personal questions. Trust me, you’ll be surprised to see how much people are willing to share if you just ask.

43.________________

When you meet a person for the first time, make an effort to find the things which you and that person have in common so that you can build the conversation from that point. When you start conversation from there and then move outwards, you’ll find all of a sudden that the conversation becomes a lot easier.

44.________________

Imagine you are pouring your heart out to someone and they are just busy on their phone, and if you ask for their attention you get the response “I can multitask”.

So when someone tries to communicate with you, just be in that communication wholeheartedly. Make eye contact, you can feel the conversation.

45.________________

You all came into a conversation where you first met the person, but after some time you may have met again and have forgotten their name. Isn’ t that awkward!

So remember the little details of the people you met or you talked with; perhaps the places they have been to the place they want to go, the things they like, the thing they hate—whatever you talk about.

When you remember such thing you can automatically become investor in their wellbeing. So they feel a responsibility to you to keep that relationship going.

That’s it. Five amazing ways that you can make conversation with almost anyone. Every person is a really good book to read, or to have a conversation with!

Part C

Directions

Translate the following text into Chinese. Your translation should be written on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)

46

A fifth grader gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from a list of occupations. He ticks “astronaut” but quickly adds “scientist” to the list and selects it as well. The boy is convinced that if he reads enough. He can explore as many career paths as he likes. And so he reads — everything from encyclopedias to science fiction novels. He reads so passionately that his parents have to institute a “no reading policy” at the dinner table.

That boy was Bill Gates, and he hasn’t stopped reading yet — not even after becoming one of the most science fiction and reference books; recently, he revealed that he reads at least so nonfiction books a year. Gates chooses nonfiction title because they explain how the world works. “Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge,” Gates says.

写作

Part A

47

Directions

Suppose you have to cancel your travel plan and will not be able to visit Professor Smith. Write him an email to

  1. apologize and explain the situation, and

  2. suggest a future meeting.

You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.

Do not use your own name. Use “Li Ming” instead.

Do not write your address. (10 points)

Part B

48

Directions

Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing you should

  1. interpret the chart and

  2. give your comments

You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)

(该饼图展示了 2017 年某市消费者选择餐厅时的关注因素。

其中,“特色” 是消费者最关注的因素,占比 36.3%;“服务” 占比 26.8%,位居第二;“环境” 也很受重视,占比 23.8%;“价格” 占比 8.4%;“其他” 因素占比 4.7%。)