2022 年真题
选择题答案速对
| No. | Ans | No. | Ans | No. | Ans | No. | Ans | No. | Ans |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | B | 2 | B | 3 | A | 4 | D | 5 | C |
| 6 | A | 7 | C | 8 | C | 9 | B | 10 | B |
| 11 | C | 12 | D | 13 | B | 14 | A | 15 | A |
| 16 | D | 17 | A | 18 | D | 19 | C | 20 | D |
| 21 | D | 22 | C | 23 | C | 24 | B | 25 | A |
| 26 | D | 27 | A | 28 | C | 29 | D | 30 | A |
| 31 | C | 32 | D | 33 | B | 34 | B | 35 | B |
| 36 | A | 37 | B | 38 | D | 39 | C | 40 | C |
完形填空
Directions
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered black and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)
Text
Harlan Coben believes that if you’re a writer, you’ll find the time; and that if you can’t find the time, then writing isn’t a priority and you’re not a writer. For him, writing is a job, a job like any other. He has it with plumbing, pointing out that a plumber doesn’t wake up and say that he can’t work with pipes today.
, like most writers these days, you’re holding down a job to pay the bills, it’s not to find the time to write. But it’s not impossible. It requires determination and single - mindedness. that most bestselling authors began writing when they were doing other things to earn a living. And today, even writers who are fairly often have to do other work to their writing income.
As Harlan Coben has suggested it’s a of priorities. To make writing a priority, you’ll have to Some of your day - to - day activities and some things you really enjoy. Depending on your and your lifestyle, that might mean spending less time watching television or listening to music, though some people can write they listen to music. You might have to the amount of exercise or sport you do. You’ll have to make social media an activity rather than a daily, time - consuming . There’ll probably have to be less socializing with your friends and less time with your family. It’s a learning curve, and it won’t always make you popular.
There’s just one thing you should try to keep at least some time for, your writing and that’s reading. Any writer needs to read as much and as widely as they can; it’s the one supporter - Something you can’t do without.
Time is finite. The older you get, the it seems to go. We need to use it as carefully and as as we can, that means prioritizing out activities so that we spend most time on the things we really want to do. If you are a writer, that means— —writing.
1
好的，我们来看第一题。
原文说：
Harlan Coben believes that if you’re a writer, you’ll find the time; and that if you can’t find the time, then writing isn’t a priority and you’re not a writer. For him, writing is a ______ job, a job like any other.
这里 Harlan Coben 把写作看作和其他工作一样，是一种 正常的、普通的 工作，而不是什么特殊、浪漫化或特别艰难的职业。
选项分析：
- A. difficult（困难的）—— 不符合语境，他是在强调写作的“平常性”，不是强调难度。
- B. normal（正常的）—— 符合“a job like any other”的语义，强调写作就是一份普通工作。
- C. steady（稳定的）—— 文中没有强调稳定性，而是强调“性质普通”。
- D. pleasant（愉快的）—— 没有提到写作是否愉快。
因此，正确答案是 B. normal。
2
解析：
上下文理解：
原文提到 Harlan Coben 把写作比作一份普通工作，就像其他职业一样。接着提到“He has ___ it with plumbing”，意思是“他把写作和管道工的工作进行了____”。
这里显然是在进行类比，说明写作就像管道工的工作一样，不能凭心情决定做不做。选项分析：
- A. combined（结合）—— 不符合逻辑，写作和管道工的工作不是结合在一起。
- B. compared（比较）—— 符合语境，是在把写作与管道工类比。
- C. confused（混淆）—— 意思不对，作者没有混淆两者。
- D. confronted（面对、对抗）—— 语义不通。
固定搭配：
“compare A with B” 是常用表达，意为“将 A 与 B 相比较”。
因此，正确答案是 B. compared。
3
解析：
第3题所在句子为：
______, like most writers these days, you’re holding down a job to pay the bills, it’s not ______ to find the time to write.
这里需要一个引导状语从句的连词，表达一种条件关系。
- 选项 A If（如果）表示假设条件，符合句意：如果你像大多数作家一样有全职工作，那么找时间写作并不容易。
- 选项 B Though（虽然）表示让步，但这里不是转折关系，而是条件假设。
- 选项 C Once（一旦）表示时间或条件，但语气强调“一旦发生就…”，不如“If”自然贴合上下文逻辑。
- 选项 D Unless（除非）表达反条件，不符合句意。
从上下文看，作者是在假设一种常见情况（有全职工作），然后说明在这种情况下找时间写作虽然难，但并非不可能。因此 If 是最合适的。
正确答案：A
4
解析：
第4题所在句子为：
“If, like most writers these days, you’re holding down a job to pay the bills, it’s not ______ to find the time to write.”
- 前文提到 Harlan Coben 认为“如果你是个作家，你就会找到时间写作”，但这里作者转向现实情况：大多数作家还有一份全职工作来支付账单。
- 逻辑上，有全职工作的情况下，找时间写作 并不容易，所以选 D. easy。
- 其他选项：
- A. enough（足够的）不符合语法和句意，这里需要形容词作表语，且意思应是“不容易”。
- B. strange（奇怪的）和 C. wrong（错误的）都不符合上下文逻辑，因为这里不是在评价“找时间”这件事是否奇怪或错误，而是在说难度。
因此正确答案是 D. easy。
5
解析：
上下文逻辑：
空格前的句子说“这需要决心和专注”，空格后说“大多数畅销书作家开始写作时，都在做其他工作谋生”。
这里显然是在提醒读者一个已知的或值得记住的事实，以支撑前面的观点（虽然难，但并非不可能）。选项分析：
- A. Accept（接受）—— 语气上偏重于“让步认同”，但这里并不是在劝说对方接受一个观点，而是提醒一个事实。
- B. Explain（解释）—— 后面如果接“大多数作家……”更像是在解释原因，但这里并不是解释前一句的原因，而是举例佐证。
- C. Remember（记住）—— 符合语境，提醒读者注意这个事实，从而增强说服力。
- D. Suppose（假设）—— 后面是真实情况，不是假设。
写作意图：
作者在鼓励那些忙于工作又想写作的人，用“记住大多数作家也是这样开始的”来给予信心，因此选 C. Remember 最自然合理。
答案：C
6
解析：
第 6 题空格所在的句子是：
And today, even writers who are fairly 6 often have to do other work to supplement their writing income.
- A. well-known（有名的）
逻辑上符合语境：即使是有一定名气的作家，也常常需要做其他工作来补贴写作收入。 - B. well-advised（明智的）
与句意不符，这里不是说“明智的作家”，而是强调“即使出名了也收入不够”。 - C. well-informed（消息灵通的）
与作家收入问题无关。 - D. well-chosen（精心挑选的）
不用于形容作家本身，不符合句意。
因此，A. well-known 是正确答案。
7
解析：
上下文语境：
句子提到“even writers who are fairly successful often have to do other work to ______ their writing income”，意思是“即使是相当成功的作家，也常常不得不做其他工作来 ______ 他们的写作收入”。逻辑关系：
写作收入可能不够生活，所以需要“其他工作”来补充收入，而不是“捐赠”（donate）、“产生”（generate，一般指创造主要收入）或“计算”（calculate）收入。词义辨析：
- supplement 意为“补充”，符合“用其他收入补充写作收入”的语义。
- generate 虽然也可接“income”，但这里的主语是“other work”，目的是补充写作收入，不是创造写作收入本身。
因此，C. supplement 是最佳答案。
8
解析：
第 8 题所在的句子是：
As Harlan Coben has suggested it’s a $\underline{\quad8\quad}$ of priorities.
选项分析：
- A. cause（原因）—— 不符合搭配和语境，“a cause of priorities” 不自然。
- B. purpose（目的）—— “a purpose of priorities” 意思不通。
- C. question（问题）—— “a question of priorities” 是固定搭配，意为“这是一个优先顺序的问题”，符合上下文。
- D. condition（条件）—— “a condition of priorities” 搭配不当，意思不贴切。
上下文逻辑：
前文提到，能否找到时间写作取决于你是否把写作当作优先事项，因此这是一个“优先顺序的问题”，而不是原因、目的或条件。
因此正确答案是 C. question。
9
解析：
第 9 题所在句子为：
To make writing a priority, you’ll have to 9 some of your day-to-day activities and some things you really enjoy.
- A. highlight（强调、突出）—— 语义不符，这里不是强调活动，而是需要放弃某些活动。
- B. sacrifice（牺牲）—— 符合语境：为了把写作放在优先位置，你必须牺牲一些日常活动和爱好。
- C. continue（继续）—— 逻辑相反，继续这些活动会占用写作时间。
- D. explore（探索）—— 与文意无关，这里不是探索新事物，而是减少已有活动。
上下文多次提到要减少看电视、运动、社交等活动，因此 B. sacrifice 最贴切。
答案：B
10
解析：
第 10 题题干为：
Depending on your ______ and your lifestyle, that might mean spending less time watching television or listening to music…
这里的意思是：根据你的兴趣和生活方式，这可能意味着要减少看电视或听音乐的时间。
- A. relations（关系）—— 与上下文提到的看电视、听音乐等活动没有直接逻辑对应。
- B. interests（兴趣）—— 看电视、听音乐属于个人兴趣，符合语境。
- C. memories（记忆）—— 与减少娱乐时间无关。
- D. skills（技能）—— 这里讨论的不是技能差异，而是个人兴趣与生活方式对时间分配的影响。
因此，正确答案是 B. interests。
11
解析：
第 11 题所在的句子是：
Depending on your circumstances and your lifestyle, that might mean spending less time watching television or listening to music, though some people can write $\underline{\quad11\quad}$ they listen to music.
这里的意思是：
“根据你的情况和生活方式，这可能意味着少花时间看电视或听音乐，不过有些人可以边听音乐边写作。”
选项分析：
- A. until（直到…）→ 表示时间延续到某个点，不符合“同时做两件事”的语义。
- B. because（因为）→ 表示因果关系，这里并不是因为听音乐所以能写作，而是同时进行。
- C. while（当…时，一边…一边…）→ 表示两个动作同时发生，符合“边听音乐边写作”的意思。
- D. before（在…之前）→ 表示时间先后，不符合语境。
因此，正确答案是 C. while。
12
解析：
上下文逻辑
本段在讨论如何为写作挤出时间，作者建议减少一些日常活动，比如少看电视、少听音乐等。
空格前的句子提到“你可能需要______运动或体育活动的量”，显然这里是指减少运动时间，而不是增加或保持。选项分析
- A. put up with 忍受（与减少时间无关）
- B. make up for 弥补（不符合减少活动的语境）
- C. hang onto 保留、紧紧抓住（与文意相反）
- D. cut down on 减少（符合“为了写作而减少其他活动”的逻辑）
语义搭配
“cut down on the amount of exercise or sport” 意为“减少运动量”，与前后文“spend less time watching TV”等形成并列，都是节省时间的方法。
因此正确答案是 D. cut down on。
13
解析：
第 13 题所在句子为：
You’ll have to make social media an 13 activity rather than a daily, time-consuming 14.
- 这里对比的是 偶尔的活动 与 每天耗时的事情。
- 前半句说要让社交媒体成为一种 occasional activity（偶尔的活动），而不是每天的时间消耗。
- occasional 意为“偶尔的”，与后文“daily”形成对比，符合上下文逻辑。
- 其他选项：
- intelligent（智能的）与社交媒体使用频率无关。
- intensive（密集的）与文意相反。
- emotional（情感的）不符合语境。
因此正确答案是 B. occasional。
14
解析：
第14题所在句子为：
“You’ll have to make social media an occasional activity rather than a daily, time-consuming ___.”
- 前半句说“让社交媒体成为一种偶尔的活动”，
- 后半句“而不是一种日常的、耗时的 ___”。
- 空格处应填入一个表示“日常习惯”或“固定行为”的名词，与“偶尔的活动”形成对比。
选项分析：
- A. habit（习惯）—— 符合语境，指日常的、消耗时间的习惯。
- B. test（测试）—— 与社交媒体作为日常活动不符。
- C. decision（决定）—— 与“耗时的”搭配不当，决定不是持续消耗时间的东西。
- D. plan（计划）—— 计划可以是日常的，但不如“habit”贴切，因为这里强调的是一种已经形成的、消耗时间的行为模式。
因此，A. habit 最符合文意。
答案：A
15
解析：
第15题空格所在的句子是：
“It’s a 15 learning curve, and it won’t always make you popular.”
- learning curve 指学习或适应新事物的过程。
- 后半句说“这不会总是让你受欢迎”，暗示这个过程是不容易的，因为你需要减少社交、少陪家人、放弃一些娱乐活动。
- tough 意为“艰难的、困难的”，符合语境。
- gentle（温和的）、rapid（快速的）、funny（有趣的）都与“不会总是让你受欢迎”的语义不匹配。
因此，正确答案是 A. tough。
16
解析：
第 16 题所在句子为：
There’s just one thing you should try to keep at least some time for, ______ your writing, and that’s reading.
句意为：“有一件事，除了写作之外，你至少应该留一些时间去做，那就是阅读。”
- A. in place of（代替）→ 如果选这个，表示用阅读代替写作，不符合文意，因为作者强调写作和阅读都要做。
- B. in charge of（负责）→ 语义不通。
- C. in response to（作为对…的回应）→ 不符合逻辑。
- D. in addition to（除了…之外）→ 表示“除了写作之外，还要保留时间给阅读”，符合上下文逻辑。
文中强调写作是优先事项，但阅读也是必不可少的支持活动，因此“除了写作之外，还要阅读”是正确含义。
正确答案：D
17
解析：
上下文逻辑
原文提到“Any writer needs to read as much and as widely as they can; it’s the one ___ supporter—Something you can’t do without.”
破折号后的解释 “Something you can’t do without” 意思是“不能没有的东西”，因此空格处需要一个表示“必不可少”的词。选项词义辨析
- A. indispensable（不可或缺的）→ 与 “can’t do without” 完全对应。
- B. innovative（创新的）→ 与“必不可少”无关。
- C. invisible（看不见的）→ 不符合语境。
- D. instant（立即的）→ 不强调必要性。
搭配与语义
“the one indispensable supporter” 意为“唯一不可或缺的支持者”，符合“阅读对作家极其重要”的语义。
答案：A
18
解析：
第 18 题空格所在的句子是：
Time is finite. The older you get, the ______ it seems to go.
- 这里是一个 “the + 比较级，the + 比较级” 结构，表示“越……越……”。
- 常识和常见表达是：年龄越大，感觉时间过得越快（Time seems to go faster as you get older）。
- 所以这里应填入 quicker（更快），即 “The older you get, the quicker it seems to go.”
- 其他选项：
- duller（更乏味）—— 不符合句意。
- harder（更困难）—— 不用于形容时间流逝的感觉。
- quieter（更安静）—— 不用于形容时间流逝的速度。
因此正确答案是 D. quicker。
19
解析：
第 19 题空格所在的句子是：
We need to use it as carefully and as ______ as we can…
这里 “carefully and ______” 是并列结构，表示“既小心谨慎又……地”使用时间。
文章的主旨是高效利用时间进行写作，强调“productive”（有成效的、多产的）才符合上下文逻辑。
- A. peacefully（平静地）——与时间利用的效率无关
- B. generously（慷慨地）——与时间管理目标不符
- C. productively（有成效地）——符合“高效利用时间写作”的主题
- D. gratefully（感激地）——情感上相关，但与时间利用方式无关
因此，C. productively 是正确答案。
20
解析：
1. 上下文逻辑
文章的核心观点是：如果你是一名作家，写作应该是你的优先事项。文章反复强调 “priority”（优先级）这个概念，并在最后一段总结道：我们应该把时间花在最想做的事情上。对于作家来说，那件事就是写作。
2. 选项分析
- A. at most（最多）→ 不符合语义，这里不是数量限制。
- B. in turn（依次，反过来）→ 没有“轮流”或“顺序”的语境。
- C. on average（平均而言）→ 与这里强调的“最重要”不符。
- D. above all（最重要的是）→ 强调写作是最高优先级，与全文主旨一致。
3. 句意确认
最后一句：
If you are a writer, that means — ______ — writing.
意思是：如果你是一名作家，那就意味着——最重要的是——写作。
“above all” 在这里作为插入语，强调写作是最高优先级的活动。
因此，正确答案是 D. above all。
阅读理解
Text 1
On a recent sunny day 13,000 chickens roam over Larry Brown’s 40 windswept acres in Shiner, Texas. Some rest in the shade of a parked car, others drink water with the cows. This all seems random, but it’s by design, part of what the $6.1 billion U.S. egg industry bets will be its next big thing: climate-friendly eggs.
These eggs, which are making their debut now on shelves for as much as $8 a dozen, are still labeled organic and animal-friendly ,but they’re also from birds that live on farms using regenerative agriculture-special techniques to cultivate rich soils that can trap greenhouse gases. Such eggs could be marketed as helping to fight climate change.
“I’m excited about our progresses,” says Brown, who is adding more cover crops that draw worms and crickets for the chickens to eat. The birds’ waste then fertilizes fields. Such improvements" allow our hens to forage for higher-quality natural feed that will be good for the land, the hens, and the eggs that we supply to our customers. "
The egg industry’s push is the first major test of whether animal products from regenerative farms can become the next premium offering. In barely more than a decade, organic eggs went from being dismissed as a niche product in natural foods stores to being sold at Walmart. More recently there were similar doubts about probiotics and plant-based meats, but both have exploded into major supermarket categories. If the sustainable-egg roll out is successful, it could open the floodgates for regenerative beef ,broccoli and beyond.
Regenerative products could be a hard sell, because the concept is tough to define quickly, says Julie Stanton, associate professor of agricultural economics at Pennsylvania State University Brandywine. Such farming also brings minimal, if any, improvement to the food products (though some producers say their eggs have more protein).
The industry is betting that the same consumers paying more for premium attributes such as free-range, non-GMO, and pasture-raised eggs will embrace sustainability. Surveys show that younger generations are more concerned about climate change, and some of the success of plant-based meat can be chalked up to shoppers wanting to signal their desire to protect the environment. Young adults “really care about the planet,” says John Brunnquell altering the food chain beyond what I think even they understand what they’re doing."
21
The climate-friendly eggs are produced __________.
解析：
题目问的是“气候友好型鸡蛋是如何生产的”。
- A 选项（成本相当低）错误。文章第一段提到这种鸡蛋每打售价高达 8 美元，说明价格并不低，因此成本不太可能“相当低”。
- B 选项（应普通购物者的要求）错误。文中并未提及普通消费者主动要求生产这种鸡蛋，而是行业主动推出并测试市场。
- C 选项（作为有机鸡蛋的替代品）错误。文章第二段说这种鸡蛋仍然标注为有机（still labeled organic），说明它不是替代有机鸡蛋，而是附加了“气候友好”的特点。
- D 选项（在特别设计的农场）正确。
第一段提到鸡的活动看似随意，实则是“by design”（经过设计的），并且这些鸡生活在采用 regenerative agriculture（再生农业）的农场，这种农业使用特殊技术培育土壤以吸收温室气体。第三段举例说明农场主通过种植覆盖作物等方式改进农场生态，进一步说明农场是经过特别设计和管理的。
因此，正确答案是 D。
22
Larry Brown is excited about his progress in __________.
解析：
题目问 Larry Brown 对他的哪方面进展感到兴奋。
文中第三段 Larry Brown 的原话是：
“I’m excited about our progresses,” says Brown, who is adding more cover crops that draw worms and crickets for the chickens to eat. The birds’ waste then fertilizes fields. Such improvements “allow our hens to forage for higher-quality natural feed that will be good for the land, the hens, and the eggs that we supply to our customers.”
这里的关键是：
- 他种植覆盖作物吸引昆虫 → 鸡吃昆虫 → 鸡粪肥田 → 土地更肥沃 → 鸡获得高质量自然饲料 → 对土地、鸡和鸡蛋都有益。
- 这是一个循环、可持续的系统，既有利于生态环境，又能生产产品。
选项分析：
A. 减少虫害的损害 → 文中没说虫害是问题，反而利用昆虫作为鸡的食物。
B. 加速废物处理 → 虽有提到鸡粪肥田，但重点不是加速处理，而是循环利用。
C. 创建一个可持续的系统 → 符合文中描述的“对土地、鸡、鸡蛋都有好处”的循环农业模式。
D. 吸引顾客购买产品 → 文中他并未直接提到营销或吸引顾客，而是强调系统本身的好处。
因此，正确答案是 C。
23
The example of organic eggs is used in the fourth paragraph is to suggest ________.
解析：
第四段提到有机鸡蛋的例子，是为了说明再生农业产品（regenerative products）的市场潜力。
原文逻辑如下：
- 有机鸡蛋最初被当作小众产品，但后来进入沃尔玛等大型超市，成为主流。
- 益生菌和植物肉也曾受质疑，但后来都成为重要品类。
- 因此，如果气候友好鸡蛋（即再生农业产品）推广成功，就可能为再生农业的牛肉、西兰花等产品打开市场。
所以，作者用有机鸡蛋的发展历程来类比再生农业产品的潜在市场前景，对应选项 C. the potential of regenerative products。
其他选项分析：
- A：怀疑天然饲料 → 文中未强调怀疑饲料。
- B：鸡蛋行业的挫折 → 例子重点在成功，不在挫折。
- D：超市的促销成功 → 超市只是销售渠道，不是论点核心。
答案：C
24
It can be learned from the last paragraph that young people __________.
解析：
题目要求从最后一段推断年轻人的特点。最后一段的关键信息包括：
- 行业预测：蛋业打赌，那些愿意为“散养、非转基因、草饲”等高端属性支付更高价格的消费者，也会接受“可持续”产品。
- 调查显示：年轻一代更关注气候变化。
- 植物肉的成功：部分原因在于消费者想通过购买行为表达保护环境的意愿。
- 直接引语：年轻人“真的很关心这个星球”，并且正在以超出他们自己意识的方式改变食品链。
这些信息共同指向：年轻人因关注气候和环境，更有可能购买具有环保属性的产品，比如气候友好型鸡蛋。
- A 项（不愿改变饮食）与原文相反，年轻人正在推动食品链变革。
- B 项（可能购买气候友好鸡蛋）与最后一段的逻辑一致。
- C 项（对新食物好奇）未直接体现，重点是其环保动机而非好奇心。
- D 项（对农业进步惊讶）未提及。
因此，B 项是正确答案。
25
John Brunnquell would disagree with Julie Stanton over regenerative products in
我们先定位原文中两人关于“regenerative products”的观点。
Julie Stanton 的观点在第五段：
Regenerative products could be a hard sell, because the concept is tough to define quickly… Such farming also brings minimal, if any, improvement to the food products.
她认为：
- 市场推广可能很难（a hard sell），因为概念不易快速解释清楚。
- 对食品本身的改进很小（营养等方面提升不大）。
John Brunnquell 的观点在最后一段：
The industry is betting that the same consumers paying more for premium attributes … will embrace sustainability. Surveys show that younger generations are more concerned about climate change… Young adults “really care about the planet,” says John Brunnquell altering the food chain beyond what I think even they understand what they’re doing."
他的观点是：
- 行业打赌消费者（尤其是关心环境的年轻人）会愿意为可持续性支付溢价。
- 暗示这类产品有市场前景。
对比：
- Julie 对市场前景持怀疑态度（a hard sell）。
- John 认为年轻消费者真的关心地球，暗示市场前景好。
因此两人分歧在于 市场前景（A. markets prospects），而不是营养价值（B，Julie 说营养改进很小，但 John 没讨论营养）、标准定义（C，Julie 提到定义难，但 John 没反驳定义问题）、道德含义（D，未直接涉及）。
答案：A
Text 2
More Americans are opting to work well into retirement, a growing trend that threatens to upend the old workforce model.
One in three Americans who are at least 40 have or plan to have a job in retirement to prepare for a longer life, according to a survey conducted by Harris Poll for TD Ameritrade. Even more surprising is that more than half of “unretirees”-those who plan to work in retirement or went back to work after retiring-said they would be employed in their later years even if they had enough money to settle down, the survey showed.
Financial needs aren’t the only culprit for the “unretirement” trend. Other reasons, according to the study, include personal fulfillment such as staying mentally fit, preventing boredom or avoiding depression.
“The concept of retirement is evolving,” said Christine Russell, senior manager of retirement at TD Ameritrade. “It’s not just about finances. The value of work is also driving folks to continue working past retirement.”
One reason for the change in retirement patterns: Americans are living longer. Older Americans are also the fastest-growing segment of the U.S. workforce, and boomers are expected to live longer than previous generations. The percentage of retirement-age people in the labor force has doubled over the past three decades. About 20% of people 65 and older were in the workforce in February, up from an all-time low of 10% in January 1985, according to money manager United Income.
Because of longer life spans, Americans are also boosting their savings to preserve their nest eggs, the TD Ameritrade study showed, which surveyed 2000 adults between 40 to 79. Six in 10 “unretirees” are increasing their savings in anticipation of a longer life, according to the survey. Among the most popular ways they are doing this, the company said, is by reducing their overall expenses, securing life insurance or maximizing their contributions to retirement accounts.
Unfortunately, many people who are opting to work in retirement are preparing to do so because they are worried about making ends meet in their later years, said Brent Weiss, a cofounder at Baltimore-based financial-planning firm Facet Wealth. He suggested that preretirees should speak with a financial adviser to set long-term financial goals.
“The most challenging moments in life are getting married, starting a family and ultimately retiring,” Facet Wealth cofounder Brent Weiss told USA Today. “It’s not just a financial decision, but an emotional one. Many people believe they can’t retire.”
26
The survey conducted by Harris Poll indicates that __________.
解析：
题目问的是哈里斯民意调查（Harris Poll）的结果表明了什么。
根据原文第二段：
One in three Americans who are at least 40 have or plan to have a job in retirement…
Even more surprising is that more than half of “unretirees”… said they would be employed in their later years even if they had enough money to settle down.
这说明：
- 至少 40 岁的美国人中，三分之一已经或计划在退休后工作。
- 超过一半的“未退休者”即使经济足够也愿意工作。
因此，调查的主要结论是 更多美国人愿意在退休后继续工作，对应选项 D. more Americans are willing to work in retirement。
其他选项分析：
A. 超过一半的退休者身体适合工作 —— 原文未提及身体条件数据。
B. 老年劳动力和年轻劳动力一样活跃 —— 原文未直接比较活跃度。
C. 三分之一的美国人喜欢提早退休 —— 与原文意思相反，原文是继续工作，不是提早退休。
正确答案：D
27
It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that Americans tend to think that __________.
解析：
题目要求从第3段推断美国人倾向于认为什么。
第3段原文为：
Financial needs aren’t the only culprit for the “unretirement” trend. Other reasons, according to the study, include personal fulfillment such as staying mentally fit, preventing boredom or avoiding depression.
这段话的意思是：
- 财务需求不是“不退休”趋势的唯一原因。
- 其他原因包括：保持头脑健康、防止无聊、避免抑郁。
从这些“其他原因”可以推断出，美国人认为退休本身可能带来一些问题，比如：
- 精神上不活跃
- 感到无聊
- 陷入抑郁
因此，他们选择“不退休”不仅是为了钱，也是为了避免退休可能带来的这些问题。
选项分析：
- A. retirement may cause problems for them（退休可能给他们带来问题）—— 与推断一致。
- B. boredom can be relieved after retirement（退休后无聊感会缓解）—— 与原文相反，原文说他们工作是为了防止无聊，说明他们认为退休可能更无聊。
- C. the mental health of retirees is overlooked（退休者的心理健康被忽视）—— 原文没有提到“被忽视”，而是他们主动通过工作来维持心理健康。
- D. “unretirement” contributes to the economy（“不退休”对经济有贡献）—— 本段未提及经济贡献。
因此正确答案是 A。
28
Retirement patterns are changing partly due to __________.
解析：
题目问的是“退休模式正在改变的部分原因是__________”，即要求找出导致退休模式改变的因素之一。
文章中有明确线索：
- 第五段开头提到 “One reason for the change in retirement patterns: Americans are living longer.”（退休模式改变的一个原因是：美国人寿命更长了）。
- 后文进一步说明，由于寿命延长，老年人成为劳动力市场中增长最快的群体，并且退休年龄段的劳动参与率在过去三十年翻倍。
因此，寿命延长（longer life expectancy） 是退休模式改变的直接原因之一。
选项分析：
- A. labor shortages（劳动力短缺）—— 文中未提及。
- B. population growth（人口增长）—— 文中未直接提及人口增长导致退休模式改变。
- C. longer life expectancy（预期寿命更长）—— 与原文对应，是正确选项。
- D. rising living costs（生活成本上升）—— 虽然文中提到有人因财务需要工作，但“生活成本上升”不是文中明确给出的退休模式改变的主要原因，而寿命延长是直接给出的原因之一。
答案：C
29
Many retires are increasing in savings by __________.
解析：
题目问：“许多退休人员通过 __________ 来增加储蓄。”
四个选项为：
A. 投资更多股票
B. 从事零工
C. 获得高薪工作
D. 减少开支
定位原文信息：
文章第六段提到：
Six in 10 “unretirees” are increasing their savings in anticipation of a longer life, according to the survey. Among the most popular ways they are doing this, the company said, is by reducing their overall expenses, securing life insurance or maximizing their contributions to retirement accounts.
这里明确列出了增加储蓄的最常见方式：
- 减少总开支（reducing their overall expenses）
- 购买人寿保险
- 增加退休账户的投入
选项匹配：
- A. 投资更多股票 → 原文未提及股票投资。
- B. 从事零工 → 原文未提及零工。
- C. 获得高薪工作 → 原文未提及。
- D. 花费更少 → 对应 “reducing their overall expenses”，即减少开支。
因此正确答案是 D。
30
With regard to retirement, Brent Weiss thinks that many people are __________.
解析：
题目问的是 Brent Weiss 对于退休的看法，他认为许多人处于什么状态。
根据文章最后一段：
Unfortunately, many people who are opting to work in retirement are preparing to do so because they are worried about making ends meet in their later years, said Brent Weiss…
“It’s not just a financial decision, but an emotional one. Many people believe they can’t retire.”
Brent Weiss 指出，很多人选择退休后继续工作是因为担心晚年收支平衡，并且很多人认为自己“无法退休”，这反映出他们在心理和财务上并没有做好退休的准备。
四个选项：
- A. unprepared（未准备好）
- B. unafraid（不害怕）
- C. disappointed（失望的）
- D. enthusiastic（热情的）
从文中 Brent Weiss 的观点来看，许多人是因为财务或情感上没准备好才继续工作，因此 A. unprepared 最符合他的看法。
答案：A
Text 3
We have all encountered them, in both our personal and professional lives. Think about the times you felt tricked or frustrated by a membership or subscription that had a seamless sign-up process but was later difficult to cancel something that should be simple and transparent can be complicated, intentionally or unintentionally, in ways that impair consumer choice. These are examples of dark patterns.
First coined in 2010 by user experience expert Harry Brignull, “dark patterns” is a catchall term for practices that manipulate user interfaces to influence the decision-making ability of users. Brignull identifies 12 types of common dark patterns, ranging from misdirection and hidden costs to roach motel, where a user experience seems easy and intuitive at the start, but turns difficult when the user tries to get out.
In a 2019 study of 53,000 product pages and 11,000 websites, researchers found that about one in 10 employs these design practices. Though widely prevalent, the concept of dark patterns is still not well understood. Business and nonprofit leaders should be aware of dark patterns and try to avoid the gray areas they engender.
Where is the line between ethical, persuasive design and dark patterns? Businesses should engage in conversations with IT, compliance, risk, and legal teams to review their privacy policy, and include in the discussion the customer/user experience designers and coders responsible for the company’s user interface, as well as the marketers and advertisers responsible for sign-ups, checkout baskets, pricing, and promotions. Any or all these teams can play a role in creating or avoiding “digital deception”.
Lawmakers and regulators are slowly starting to address the ambiguity around dark patterns, most recently at the state level. In March, the California Attorney General announced the approval of additional regulations under the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) that ensures that consumers will not be confused or misled when seeking to exercise their data privacy rights. The regulations aim to ban dark pattern-this means prohibiting companies from using confusing language or unnecessary steps such as forcing them to click through multiple screens or listen to reasons why they shouldn’t opt out.
As more states consider promulgating additional regulations, there is a need for greater accountability from within the business community. Dark patterns also be addressed on a selfregulatory basis, but only if organizations hold themselves accountable, not just to legal requirements, but also to industry best practices and standard.
31
It can be learned from the first two paragraphs that dark patterns __________.
解析：
题目要求根据文章前两段内容，判断关于“暗黑模式”（dark patterns）的正确描述。
第一段提到：
- 注册流程顺畅，但取消困难；
- 本应简单透明的过程被故意或无意复杂化，损害消费者选择。
第二段给出定义：
- “暗黑模式”指操纵用户界面以影响用户决策能力的做法；
- 举例包括误导、隐藏成本、“蟑螂旅馆”模式（进入容易退出难）。
选项分析：
- A. 改善用户体验 → 错误，暗黑模式是损害用户利益的。
- B. 泄露用户信息牟利 → 文中前两段未提及信息泄露，属无关内容。
- C. 损害用户决策 → 正确，与“impair consumer choice”和“influence the decision-making ability”对应。
- D. 提醒用户隐藏成本 → 错误，暗黑模式是隐藏成本，而非提醒。
因此，正确答案是 C。
32
The 2019 study on dark patterns is mentioned to show __________.
解析：
题目问的是“文中提到2019年关于暗黑模式的研究是为了表明__________”。
我们需要回到原文定位相关句子，并理解作者引用该研究的意图。
原文相关部分：
In a 2019 study of 53,000 product pages and 11,000 websites, researchers found that about one in 10 employs these design practices. Though widely prevalent, the concept of dark patterns is still not well understood.
这句话的意思是：
- 研究发现在被调查的网页和网站中，大约十分之一使用了暗黑模式。
- 接着作者说“虽然很普遍，但暗黑模式的概念仍然没有被很好地理解”。
逻辑分析：
作者引用这个数据，是为了用实证说明暗黑模式很普遍（widely prevalent），而不是为了详细分析它们的缺陷（A）、复杂设计（B）或造成的损害（C）。
“大约十分之一”是在强调其普遍存在，即 strong presence。
选项比对：
- A. their major flaws（主要缺陷）—— 研究数据没有讨论缺陷，只提到使用频率。
- B. their complex designs（复杂设计）—— 研究没有强调设计复杂性，而是使用比例。
- C. their severe damage（严重损害）—— 损害在别处提到，但研究数据不是为了证明损害程度。
- D. their strong presence（普遍存在）—— 与“about one in 10 employs…”和“widely prevalent”对应。
因此正确答案是 D。
33
To handle digital deception, businesses should __________.
解析：
题目问的是“为了应对数字欺骗（digital deception），企业应该______。”
文章第四段明确提到：
Businesses should engage in conversations with IT, compliance, risk, and legal teams to review their privacy policy, and include in the discussion the customer/user experience designers and coders responsible for the company’s user interface, as well as the marketers and advertisers…
也就是说，企业应该与相关团队（IT、合规、风险、法律团队、用户体验设计师、程序员、市场营销人员等） 进行讨论，来审查和避免数字欺骗。
选项分析：
- A. listen to customer feedback（听取客户反馈）—— 文中未直接提到这是企业应对数字欺骗的主要措施。
- B. talk with relevant teams（与相关团队沟通）—— 与原文第四段内容完全对应。
- C. turn to independent agencies（求助于独立机构）—— 文中未提及。
- D. rely on professional training（依赖专业培训）—— 文中未强调培训，而是强调跨部门讨论。
因此，正确答案是 B。
34
The additional regulations under the CCPA are intended to __________.
解析：
题目问的是《加州消费者隐私法案》（CCPA）下的附加法规旨在做什么。
原文第五段提到：
In March, the California Attorney General announced the approval of additional regulations under the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) that ensures that consumers will not be confused or misled when seeking to exercise their data privacy rights. The regulations aim to ban dark patterns—this means prohibiting companies from using confusing language or unnecessary steps such as forcing them to click through multiple screens or listen to reasons why they shouldn’t opt out.
这段话的核心意思是：
- 法规确保消费者在行使数据隐私权利时不会被混淆或误导。
- 法规旨在禁止“暗黑模式”，即禁止公司使用迷惑性语言或不必要的步骤来干扰用户选择。
因此，这些法规的目的是保护消费者免受欺骗（B 选项）。
A 选项“引导用户完成退出流程”只是法规可能带来的效果之一，但不是根本目的。
C 选项“授予公司数据隐私权”与原文意思相反。
D 选项“限制访问有问题的内容”在文中未提及。
答案：B
35
According to the last paragraph, a key to coping with dark patterns is __________.
解析：
最后一段提到：
Dark patterns also be addressed on a self-regulatory basis, but only if organizations hold themselves accountable, not just to legal requirements, but also to industry best practices and standard.
这句话的核心意思是：
- 除了法律要求外，企业应自我约束（self-regulatory），对行业最佳实践和标准负责。
- 关键条件是 organizations hold themselves accountable，即企业自律。
选项分析：
- A. new legal requirements：虽然文中提到法律要求，但最后一段强调的是自我约束，而不是依赖新法律。
- B. businesses’ self-discipline：与 “self-regulatory” 和 “hold themselves accountable” 对应，是正确答案。
- C. strict regulatory standards：这是外部监管，不是最后一段强调的重点。
- D. consumers’ safety awareness：消费者安全意识未在本段提及。
因此，B 正确。
Text 4
Although ethics classes are common around the world, scientists are unsure if their lessons can actually change behavior, evidence either way is weak, relying on contrived laboratory tests or sometimes unreliable self-reports. But a new study published in Cognition found that, in at least one real-world situation, a single ethics lesson may have had lasting effects.
The researchers investigated one class sessions’ impact on eating meat. They chose this particular behavior for three reasons, according to study co-author Eric Schwitzgebel, a philosopher at the University of California, Riverside: students’ attitudes on the topic are variable and unstable, behavior is easily measurable, and ethics literature largely agrees that eating less meat is good because it reduces environmental harm and animal suffering. Half of the students in four large philosophy classes read an article on the ethics of factory-farmed meat, optionally watched an 11-minute video on the topic and joined a 50-minute discussion. The other half focused on charitable giving instead. Then, unknown to the students, the researchers studied their anonymized meal-card purchases for that semester-nearly 14,000 receipts for almost 500 students.
Schwitzgebel predicted the intervention would have no effect; he had previously found that ethics professors do not differ from other professors on a range of behaviors, including voting rates, blood donation and returning library books. But among student subjects who discussed meat ethics, meal purchases containing meat decreased from 52 to 45 percent-and this effect held steady for the study’s duration of several weeks. Purchases from the other group remained at 52 percent.
That’s actually a pretty large effect for a pretty small intervention, Schwitzgebel says.
Psychologist Nina Strohminger at the University of Pennsylvania, who was not involved in the study, says she wants the effect to be real but cannot rule out some unknown confounding variable. And if real, she notes, it might be reversible by another nudge: “Easy come, easy go.”
Schwitzgebel suspects the greatest impact came from social influence - classmates or teaching assistants leading the discussions may have shared their own vegetarianism, showing it as achievable or more common. Second, the video may have had an emotional impact. Least rousing, he thinks, was rational argument, although his co-authors say reason might play a bigger role. Now the searchers are probing the specific effects of teaching style, teaching assistant’s eating habits and students’ video exposure. Meanwhile, Schwitzgebel-who had predicted no effect-will be eating his words.
36
Scientists generally believe that the effects of ethics classes are __________.
解析：
题目问的是“科学家们普遍认为伦理课的效果是__________”。
文章第一段提到：
scientists are unsure if their lessons can actually change behavior, evidence either way is weak, relying on contrived laboratory tests or sometimes unreliable self-reports.
这句话的意思是：科学家们不确定伦理课是否能真正改变行为，两方面的证据都很薄弱，依赖于人为设计的实验室测试或有时不可靠的自我报告。
这说明伦理课的效果难以确定，与选项 A. hard to determine 对应。
其他选项：
- B. narrowly interpreted（被狭隘地解释）—— 文中未提及。
- C. difficult to ignore（难以忽视）—— 与文中“证据薄弱”不符。
- D. poorly summarized（总结得很差）—— 文中未讨论总结好坏的问题。
因此正确答案是 A。
37
Which of the following is a reason for the researchers to study meat-eating?
解析：
题目问的是：研究者选择研究“吃肉”这一行为的原因之一是什么？
回到原文第二段，作者明确提到选择吃肉行为有三个原因：
students’ attitudes on the topic are variable and unstable, behavior is easily measurable, and ethics literature largely agrees that eating less meat is good…
三个原因分别是：
- 学生对此的态度易变且不稳定；
- 行为容易测量；
- 伦理学文献普遍认为少吃肉有益。
选项分析：
- A. It is common among students.（在学生中很常见）—— 原文未强调“普遍性”，而是强调态度易变。
- B. It is a behavior easy to measure.（行为容易测量）—— 与原文第二个原因一致。
- C. It is important to students’ health.（对学生健康重要）—— 原文提到的是环境与动物福利，不是健康。
- D. It is a hot topic in ethics classes.（是伦理课的热门话题）—— 原文未提及“热门话题”。
因此正确答案是 B。
38
Eric Schwitzgebel’s previous findings suggest that ethics professors __________.
解析：
题目问的是 Eric Schwitzgebel 之前的研究发现表明伦理学教授 __________。
根据文章第三段：
Schwitzgebel predicted the intervention would have no effect; he had previously found that ethics professors do not differ from other professors on a range of behaviors, including voting rates, blood donation and returning library books.
这句话的意思是：他之前发现，伦理学教授在一系列行为上（如投票率、献血、还书等）与其他教授没有差异。
也就是说，尽管他们是教伦理学的，但在实际道德行为表现上并不比其他人更好。
对应选项：
- D. are not necessarily ethically better（并不一定在道德上更好）
其他选项在文中没有依据：
- A（很少批评学生）未提及
- B（比其他教授不善社交）未提及
- C（对政治问题不敏感）未提及
因此正确答案是 D。
39
Nina Strohminger thinks that effect of the intervention is __________.
解析：
定位原文
题干问的是 Nina Strohminger 对干预效果的看法。文章第五段提到：Psychologist Nina Strohminger … says she wants the effect to be real but cannot rule out some unknown confounding variable. And if real, she notes, it might be reversible by another nudge: “Easy come, easy go.”
理解观点
- 她希望这个效果是真的，但 不能排除存在未知的混杂变量（即可能不是课程本身造成的）。
- 即使效果是真的，也可能 被另一个小干预逆转（“来得容易去得也容易”）。
对应选项
- A. permanent（永久的） → 错，她认为可能被逆转。
- B. predictable（可预测的） → 错，她并没有说可预测。
- C. uncertain（不确定的） → 对，她既不能完全确认效果真实，也认为可能不稳定。
- D. unrepeatable（不可重复的） → 错，文中未直接说不可重复。
因此，正确答案是 C. uncertain。
40
Eric Schwitzgebel suspects that the students’ change in behavior __________.
解析：
题目问的是 Eric Schwitzgebel 怀疑学生行为改变的原因是什么。
文章倒数第二段提到：
Schwitzgebel suspects the greatest impact came from social influence… Second, the video may have had an emotional impact. Least rousing, he thinks, was rational argument…
这说明他认为行为改变可能来自多个因素：
- 社会影响（同学或助教分享素食经验）
- 视频的情感冲击
- 理性论证（尽管他认为作用较小）
因此，这些因素共同作用导致了学生行为的改变，对应选项 C. is a result of multiple factors（是多种因素的结果）。
其他选项：
- A 提到“心理益处”，文中未强调这一点。
- B 提到“可统计分析”，这是研究方法，不是他怀疑的原因。
- D 提到“自我发展的标志”，文中未涉及。
答案：C
Part B
Directions
Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subtitle from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph (41-45). There are two extra subtitles which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (10 points)
41-45
[A] Make it a habit
[B] Don’t go it alone
[C] Start low, go slow
[D] Talk with your doctor
[E] Listen to your body
[F] Go through the motions
[G] Round out your routine
How to Get Active Again
Getting back into exercise after a break can be a challenge in the best of times, but with gyms and in-person exercise classes off-limits to many people these days, it can be tricky to know where to start. And it is important to get the right dose of activity. “Too much too soon either results in injury or burnout,” says Mary Yoke, PhD, a faculty member in the kinesiology department at Indiana University in Bloomington. The following simple strategies will help you return to exercise safely after a break.
41._______________________
Don’t try to go back to what you were doing before your break. If you were walking 3 miles a day, playing 18 holes of golf three times a week, or lifting 10-pound dumbbells for three sets of 10 reps, reduce activity to half a mile every other day, or nine holes of golf once a week with short walks on other days, or use 5-pound dumbbells for one set of 10 reps. Increase time, distance, and intensity gradually. “This isn’t something you can do overnight,” says Keri L. Denay, MD. lead author of a recent American College of Sports Medicine advisory that encourages Americans to not overlook the benefits of activity during the pandemic. But you’ll reap benefits such as less anxiety and improved sleep right away.
42._______________________
If you’re breathing too hard to talk in complete sentences, back off. If you feel good, go a little longer or faster. Feeling wiped out after a session? Go easier next time. And stay alert to serious symptoms, such as chest pain or pressure, severe shortness of breath or dizziness, or faintness, and seek medical attention immediately.
43._______________________
Consistency is the key to getting stronger and building endurance and stamina. Ten minutes of activity per day is a good start says Marcus Jackovitz, DPT, a physical therapist at the University of Miami Hospital. All the experts we spoke with highly recommend walking because it’s the easiest, most accessible form of exercise. Although it can be a workout on its own, if your goal is to get back to Zumba classes, tennis, cycling or any other activity walking is also a great first step.
44._______________________
Even if you can’t yet do a favorite activity, you can practice the moves. With or without a club or racket swing like you’re hitting the ball. Paddle like you’re in a kayak or canoe. Mimic your favorite swimming strokes. The action will remind you of the joy the activity brought you and prime your muscles for when you can get out there again.
45._______________________
Exercising with others “can keep you accountable and make it more fun, so you’re more likely to do it again,” Jackovitz says. You can do activities such as golf and tennis or take a walk with others and still be socially distant. But when you can’t connect in person, consider using technology. Chat on the phone with a friend while you walk around your neighborhood. FaceTime with a relative as you strength train or stretch at home. You can also join a livestream or on-demand exercise class.
Part C
46
Directions
In this section there is a text in English. Translate it into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)
Although we try our best, sometimes our paintings rarely turn out as originally planned. Changes in the light, the limitations of your painting materials, and the lack of experience and technique mean that what you start out trying to achieve may not come to life the way that you expected.
Although this can be frustrating and disappointing, it turns out that this can actually be good for you. Unexpected results have two benefits: you pretty quickly learn to deal with disappointment and realize that when one door closes, another opens. You also quickly learn to adapt and come up with creative solutions to the problems the painting presents and thinking outside the box will become your second nature.
In fact, creative problem-solving skills are incredibly useful in daily life, with which you are more likely to be able to find a solution when a problem arises.
写作
Part A
47
Directions
Suppose you are planning a campus food festival, write an email to international students in your university to
introduce the food festival
invite them to participate
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Do not use your own name. Use “Li Ming” instead.
Part B
48
Directions
Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you should
interpret the chart and
give your comments
You should write about 150 words in the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)
（图表内容：纵轴数值从10到90，横轴为2018、2019、2020年。2018年总体对应51，农村对应12；2019年总体对应64，农村对应15；2020年总体对应83，农村对应30。图例中，浅灰色代表总体，深灰色代表农村。）
